Cranham
Cranham | |
---|---|
All Saints' Church, Cranham | |
Location within Greater London | |
OS grid reference | TQ575875 |
• Charing Cross | 17.5 mi (28.2 km) WSW |
London borough | |
Ceremonial county | Greater London |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | UPMINSTER |
Postcode district | RM14 |
Dialling code | 01708 |
Police | Metropolitan |
Fire | London |
Ambulance | London |
UK Parliament | |
London Assembly | |
Cranham is a residential area of east
History
Toponymy
1881 | 416 |
---|---|
1891 | 465 |
1901 | 397 |
1911 | 489 |
1921 | 519 |
1931 | 1,240 |
1941 | war # |
1951 | 2,836 |
# no census was held due to war | |
source: UK census[5] |
Cranham is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as comprising two manors. The smaller was in the north of the parish, and called Craohv and in 1201 as Craweno.[7] It means 'spur of land frequented by crows' and is formed from the Old English 'crāwe' and 'hōh'.[7] The larger was the Anglo-Saxon manor of Ockendon (Wochenduna)[4] During the Middle Ages, and until around the 15th century, it was also known as Bishop's Ockendon because a large part of its area was owned by the Bishop of London.[4]
Economic development
The parish is recorded in 1086 as being heavily wooded, supporting an agrarian way of life.
Local government
Cranham formed an ancient parish of 1,879 acres (7.60 km2) in the
The parish formed part of the London Traffic Area from 1924 and the London Passenger Transport Area from 1933.[8] To reflect the significantly increased population in the area, Romford Rural District was abolished in 1934 and Cranham was amalgamated with neighbouring parishes into Hornchurch Urban District.[9] The parish council was abolished and Hornchurch Urban District Council became the local authority. There was a revision of boundaries with North Ockendon, which had been part of Orsett Rural District, absorbed into Cranham and a small area to the north, near Great Warley, transferred to Brentwood Urban District.[6]
In 1965 Hornchurch Urban District was abolished and its former area was transferred from Essex to Greater London, to be combined with that of the Municipal Borough of Romford in order to form the present-day London Borough of Havering.[10] In 1993 the Greater London boundary, to the east of Cranham and north of the railway line, was locally realigned to the M25 motorway, returning some mostly unpopulated areas of open land to Essex and leaving North Ockendon as the only part of Greater London outside the bounds of the motorway.[11]
Urban development
In the 17th and 18th centuries manorial homes, including Cranham Hall, became attractive properties for merchants from the City of London.[3] Initial attempts to expand the suburban estates from Upminster in the early 20th century ran into problems because of the lack of water supply.[4] In 1922 sewage works for Upminster and Cranham were opened in Great Warley.[12] In the 1930s land was used to develop some council housing and following the sale of the Benyon estate the pace of new building quickened. Cranham's location on the very edge of London's urban sprawl is explained by the halting effect on suburban house building of the introduction of the Metropolitan Green Belt and World War II.[3][4] Thereafter building took place within the area bounded by the Southend Arterial Road in the north and St Mary's Lane in the south; and there were 615 council houses built by 1971.[4]
Governance
Cranham forms part of the
Geography
Most of Cranham is located on the
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record high °C (°F) | 16.8 (62.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
23.3 (73.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
29.0 (84.2) |
34.5 (94.1) |
35.3 (95.5) |
37.5 (99.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
37.5 (99.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) |
9.2 (48.6) |
12.1 (53.8) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.4 (70.5) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.8 (60.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
8.9 (48.0) |
15.8 (60.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.7 (62.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
15.9 (60.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
11.9 (53.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
3.2 (37.8) |
4.7 (40.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
14.1 (57.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
6.1 (43.0) |
3.8 (38.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −12.7 (9.1) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
5.3 (41.5) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.9 (1.73) |
39.9 (1.57) |
36.5 (1.44) |
38.6 (1.52) |
44.0 (1.73) |
49.3 (1.94) |
36.3 (1.43) |
53.0 (2.09) |
52.4 (2.06) |
58.3 (2.30) |
59.9 (2.36) |
50.7 (2.00) |
562.9 (22.16) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.5 | 9.2 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 105.6 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 44.4 | 66.1 | 109.7 | 152.9 | 198.7 | 198.6 | 209.2 | 198.0 | 140.6 | 99.7 | 58.5 | 50.1 | 1,526.4 |
Source 1: Met Office[20][21][22] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather[23][24] |
Demography
Cranham compared (2001 Census) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Statistic | Upminster[25] | Cranham[26] | Havering[25] | London[25] | England[25] |
Ethnic group | |||||
White | 12,354 | 11,930 | 213,421 | 5,103,203 | 44,679,361 |
Asian | 133 | 120 | 4,088 | 866,693 | 2,248,289 |
Black | 59 | 64 | 3,139 | 782,849 | 1,132,508 |
Mixed | 87 | 78 | 2,298 | 226,111 | 643,373 |
Chinese/Other | 41 | 19 | 827 | 70,928 | 231,424 |
Population | |||||
Total | 12,674 | 12,242 | 224,248 | 7,172,091 | 49,138,831 |
Density(/hectare) | 5.62 | 18.67 | 19.97 | 45.62 | 3.77 |
Households | 4,946 | 5,111 | 91,722 | 3,015,997 | 20,451,427 |
Demographic data is produced by the
Economy
There are several short parades of shops; the largest on Front Lane, dominated by a
Transport
Front Lane is the main road through Cranham and runs north to south, connecting with the
Culture
All Saints' parish church was rebuilt in 1873 and is a grade II listed building.
See also
- List of people from Havering
- List of schools in Havering
References
- ^ a b Mayor of London (May 2006). "The London Plan: East London Sub Regional Development Framework" (PDF). Greater London Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ a b c d The Paul Drury Partnership (February 2007). "Cranham Conservation Area: Character Appraisal and Management Proposals". Havering London Borough Council. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Powell, W.R. (Edr.) (1978). Parishes: Cranham, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7. Victoria County History. British History Online. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ a b c Great Britain Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Cranham population (area and density). Retrieved {{{accessdate}}}.
- ^ a b c Great Britain Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Cranham parish (historic map). Retrieved {{{accessdate}}}.
- ^ a b Mills, D. (2000). Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names. Oxford.
- ^ Robson, William (1939). The Government and Mis-government of London. London: Allen & Unwin.
- ^ Powell, W.R. (Edr.) (1978). Hornchurch: Economic history and local government, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7. Victoria County History. British History Online. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ Great Britain Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Havering London Borough. Retrieved {{{accessdate}}}. Archived 11 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Essex and Greater London (County and London Borough Boundaries) (No.2) Order 1993". Office of Public Sector Information. 1993. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ Powell, W.R. (Edr.) (1978). Upminster: Local government and parliamentary representation, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 7. Victoria County History. British History Online. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ Upminster Area Committee (June 2009). "Upminster Area Committee (Cranham & Upminster Wards) Agenda". Havering London Borough Council. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "Cranham Ward – Local election results 2006". Havering London Borough Council. 16 November 2007. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "Upminster Ward – Local election results 2006". Havering London Borough Council. 16 November 2007. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ Baston, Lewis (8 February 2008). "Havering and Redbridge". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "Franks Wood and Cranham Brickfields". Havering London Borough Council. 10 September 2007. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "Location Map for the Thames Chase Forest Centre, Broadfields, Pike Lane, Cranham, Upminster" (PDF). Thames Chase. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ Royal Mail (2004). Address Management Guide. Royal Mail Group. p. 168.
- ^ "Greenwich 1991–2020 averages". Met Office. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
- ^ "Hot Spell - August 2003". Met Office. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
- ^ "Record Breaking Heat and Sunshine - July 2006". Met Office. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
- ^ "Monthly Extreme Maximum Temperature". Starlings Roost Weather. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ^ "Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature". Starlings Roost Weather. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Neighbourhood Statistics (2001). "2001 Census: Census Area Statistics, Area: Upminster (Ward)". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ a b c Neighbourhood Statistics (2001). "2001 Census: Census Area Statistics, Area: Cranham (Ward)". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ Piggott, Gareth (January 2006). "Simpson's diversity indices by ward 1991 and 2001" (PDF). Data Management and Analysis Group. Greater London Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "Area: Upminster (Ward): Tenure (KS18)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 9 November 2004. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "Area: Cranham (Ward): Tenure (KS18)". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 9 November 2004. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "Cranham Tesco Express". Tesco. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "Town centre management". Havering London Borough Council. 14 October 2008. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
- ^ "Public Register – Food Registrations" (PDF). Havering London Borough Council. 10 January 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Night fever sweeps Havering as award winners announced". Havering London Borough Council. 17 June 2009. Archived from the original on 9 November 2010. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "Upminster depot celebrates 50th anniversary". Transport for London. 24 August 2009. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ Transport for London (1 March 2008). "Buses from Upminster" (PDF). Greater London Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "All Saints Church, The Chase, Cranham". Havering London Borough Council. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "All Saints' Cranham". 7 May 2010. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Cranham Conservation Area". Havering London Borough Council. 6 February 2006. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "St Luke's Cranham with Moor Lane Church". 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ a b "Cranham Community Association". Havering London Borough Council. 19 January 2010. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Welcome to Cranham Social Hall Website". Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "Cranham Social Hall (Front Lane Community Association)". Havering London Borough Council. 19 January 2010. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ Urban Practitioners & Allies and Morrison (July 2005). "Romford Urban Strategy". Havering London Borough Council. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
External links