Cremunés dialect

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Cremunés (Western Lombard)
Cremonese
Native toItaly
RegionCremona, Lombardy
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone

Cremonese (Cremunés) is a dialect of the

Crema and the area of Soresina, where an Eastern Lombard dialect is spoken,[2] and the area of Casalmaggiore, where a form of Emilian[3] closely related to Parmigiano[citation needed
] is spoken.

Being at the crossroad between the core areas of different Lombard varieties, it shows some elements of both

Eastern Lombard, and a few which are typical of dialects spoken in the nearby region of Emilia-Romagna. It is best classified as belonging to the Southwestern Lombard group of dialects
.

The geographical distribution of Lombard dialects. Legend:
L01 - Western Lombard;
L02 - Eastern Lombard;
L03 - Southern Lombard, including Cremonese;
L04 - Alpine Lombard

Phonology

Vowels

The Cremonese dialect of the Lombard language has 9 vowel qualities, which can be either phonemically long or short, without any difference in quality.

The following 18 phonemes all occur in stressed environments: /i/ /iː/ /y/ /yː/ /e/ /eː/ /ø/ /øː/ /ɛ/ /ɛː/ /a/ /aː/ /ɔ/ /ɔː/ /o/ /oː/ /u/ /uː/.

Vowel length is contrastive in stressed syllables, for example /'veːder/ glass with a long /eː/ differs from /'veder/ to see, with a short /e/.[4] This is a reflex of the Proto-Romance rule of lengthening open syllables, which in Cremonese, has led to phonemic vowel length also being contrastive in penultimate-stressed words, as well as in monosyllabic words.[5]

In unstressed position, only the following 6 vowels occur: /i/ /e/ /ø/ /ɛ/ /a/ /u/.[citation needed]

Orthography

The publication of the Dizionario del dialetto cremonese in 1976 by the Comitato promotore di studi e ricerche di dialettologia, storia e folklore cremonese outlined an orthography for Cremonese.

  • a as in Italian (andàa: to go, Italian: andare)
  • è for open /ɛ/ (pulèer: Italian: pollaio)
  • é for closed /e/ (fradél: Italian: fratello)
  • i as in Italian (finìi: Italian: finire)
  • ò for open /ɔ/ (bòon: Italian: buono)
  • ó for closed /o/ (fióol: Italian: ragazzo)
  • u as in Italian (pùl: Italian: pollo)
  • ö as in French "eu" and German "ö" (nisöön: Italian: nessuno)
  • ü as in French "u" and German "ü" (paüüra: Italian: paura)

Vowel length is represented by doubling the vowel letter, with the acute or grave diacritic removed for the second <e> and <o> letters. The umlaut diacritic however is retained across both letters, thus <öö> for /øː/ and <üü> for /yː/.

References

  1. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived
    from the original on 2023-10-29. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
  2. ^ Sanga, Glauco (1984). Dialettologia lombarda : lingue e culture popolari. Pavia: Aurora. p. 8. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  3. ISBN 9780195350876
    . Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  4. doi:10.2218/pihph.1.2016.1700
    . Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  5. ^ Delucchi, Rachele (2013). "Vowel Harmony and Vowel Reduction: The Case of Swiss Italian Dialects". Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. 37 (37).


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