Creuse

Coordinates: 46°07′20″N 1°54′46″E / 46.12222°N 1.91278°E / 46.12222; 1.91278
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Creuse (disambiguation).

Creuse
(Occitan): Cruesa or Crosa
Department
Prefecture building of the Creuse department, in Guéret
Prefecture building of the Creuse department, in Guéret
Communes
256
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries, and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Creuse (French pronunciation: [kʁøz] ⓘ; Occitan: Cruesa or Crosa) is a department in central France named after the river Creuse. After Lozère, it is the second least populated department in France. It is bordered by Indre and Cher to the north, Allier and Puy-de-Dôme to the east, Corrèze to the south, and Haute-Vienne to the west. In 2020, the population of this department is 115,995, while the official estimates in 2022 is 113,711.

Departments in France.[3] The land use is mostly agricultural and the department is well known for its chestnut and hazelnut production, and for the Charolais and Limousin cattle
breeds.

History

Creuse is one of the original 83 departments created during the

La Marche
.

The County of Marche was a county in

counts of Angoulême and counts of Limousin. With the death of the childless Count Guy in 1308, his possessions in La Marche were seized by Philip IV of France. In 1316 the king made La Marche an appanage for his youngest son the Prince, afterwards Charles IV. Several years later in 1327, La Marche passed into the hands of the House of Bourbon. The family of Armagnac held it from 1435 to 1477, when it reverted to the Bourbons. In 1527 La Marche was seized by Francis I and became part of the domains of the French crown. It was divided into Haute Marche and Basse Marche, the estates of the former continuing until the 17th century. From 1470 to the Revolution, the province was under the jurisdiction of the Parlement of Paris
.

In 1886, Bourganeuf ville lumière, located in a remote part of Creuse, became somewhat improbably the third town in France to receive a public electricity supply. Three years later, in 1889, the construction of a primitive hydro-electric factory at Cascade of the Jarrauds (Cascade des Jarrauds) on the little river Maulde at Saint-Martin-Château, 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) away, established a more reliable electricity supply for the little town. The creation of a power line from the plant to Bourganeuf was supervised by an innovative engineer named Marcel Deprez; this was the first time that a power line over such a long distance had been constructed in France. The achievement was crowned with the region's first telephone line, which was installed to permit instant communication between the generating station and the newly-illuminated town.

Geography

Creuse landscape

Creuse is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

It is in the Massif Central and permeated by the Creuse and its tributaries. The river is dammed at several locations both for water supply and hydroelectricity generation. As is typical for an inland area of continental Europe, Creuse has relatively cold winters with some snowfall into April, but also hot summers. Rain falls throughout the year because of the relatively high elevation.

The topography is principally rolling hills intersected by often steep valleys. The terrestrial ecology is typically cool

Limousin
, and also sheep.

Principal towns

The most populous commune is Guéret, the prefecture. As the second-least populous department of France, Creuse has no big cities and towns. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 2,000 inhabitants:[3]

Commune Population (2019)
Guéret 12,734
La Souterraine 4,982
Aubusson 3,248
Sainte-Feyre 2,482
Bourganeuf 2,478

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1791238,352—    
1801218,041−0.89%
1806226,283+0.74%
1821248,785+0.63%
1831265,384+0.65%
1841278,029+0.47%
1851287,075+0.32%
1861270,055−0.61%
1872274,663+0.15%
1881278,782+0.17%
1891284,660+0.21%
1901277,831−0.24%
1911266,235−0.43%
1921228,244−1.53%
1931207,882−0.93%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1936201,844−0.59%
1946188,669−0.67%
1954172,702−1.10%
1962163,515−0.68%
1968156,876−0.69%
1975146,214−1.00%
1982139,968−0.62%
1990131,349−0.79%
1999124,470−0.60%
2006124,354−0.01%
2011122,560−0.29%
2016119,502−0.50%
2019116,617−0.81%
2020115,995−0.53%
2022 (estimate)113,711−0.99%
source:[4][5]

The population peaked at 287,075 in 1851, after which it declined gently until the First World War. During and after the war, the decline in population became much more rapid both because of the death and disruption that characterised the war years and because of the higher wages available to any workers with marketable skills in the economically more dynamic towns and cities outside Creuse. By 1921 the registered population had slumped by almost 38,000 (approximately 14%) in ten years to 228,244, and the decline continued throughout the twentieth century.

Over the last four decades of the twentieth century Creuse experienced the greatest proportional population decline of any French department, from 164,000 in 1960 to 124,000 in 1999 – a decrease of 24%.

Politics

See also: Departmental Council of Creuse

The President of the Departmental Council is Valérie Simonet of The Republicans.

Party Seats
The Republicans 12
Miscellaneous right 6
Socialist Party 8
Miscellaneous left 4

Current National Assembly Representative

Constituency Member[6] Party
Creuse's constituency Catherine Couturier La France Insoumise

Culture

Language

Until the 1980s, Occitan was the primary language of rural areas. There remain three different Occitan dialects in use in Limousin, although their use is rapidly declining. These are:

Cuisine

The Creuse Cake is a dessert named after the region. It is made with butter and hazelnuts.[7] There are many varieties, and they are sold throughout France.[8]

Notable people

Tourism

pacifist World War I memorial
in Gentioux

As a traditionally rural and lightly populated area, with ancient and typical art de vivre, original stone architecture, no major urban center and many heritage site such as

Green tourism destination since the late 1990s.[citation needed] Creuse enjoys a temperate climate with mild springs and autumns, rather cold and snowy but sunny winters, and relatively warm and sunny summers, but not as hot as in the southern parts of France. Thanks to its preserved forested landscape, little pollution and wonderful stone buildings, many foreigners (notably British and Dutch, but also German and Belgian) have sought to buy holiday homes in Creuse.[citation needed
]

The major tourist attractions are the tapestry museum in Aubusson and the many castles, notably those of Villemonteix, Boussac, and Banizette. The monastery of Moutier-d'Ahun has exceptional wood carvings from the 17th century. (fr:Abbaye de Moutier-d'Ahun). After World War 1, some towns in France set up pacifist war memorials. Instead of commemorating the glorious dead, these memorials denounce war with figures of grieving widows and children rather than soldiers. Such memorials provoked anger among veterans and the military in general. The most famous is at Gentioux-Pigerolles in the department (see picture on the left). Below the column which lists the name of the fallen, stands an orphan in bronze pointing to an inscription 'Maudite soit la guerre' (Cursed be war). Feelings ran so high that the memorial was not officially inaugurated until 1990 and soldiers at the nearby army camp were under orders to turn their heads when they walked past.

The Chapelle du Mas-Saint-Jean is in Saint-Sulpice-le-Dunois. A local legend declares that Joan of Arc prayed there in about 1430.[9]

Guéret, Creuse is also home to a large nearby animal park named Les Loups de Chabrières containing some of France's few remaining wolves, held in semi-captivity. It includes 24 European Grey Wolves, two Canadian White Wolves and two Canadian Black Wolves in five enclosures.

Motor racing Mas du Clos It is twelve kilometers from Aubusson at the foot of the family castle of Saint-Avit-de-Tardes. Pierre Bardinon creates all pieces in 1963.

Gallery

  • Villemonteix Castle in winter
    Villemonteix Castle in winter
  • Bourganeuf Castle with infamous Cem Sultan tower
    Bourganeuf Castle with infamous Cem Sultan tower
  • View of Evaux-les-Bains
    View of
    Evaux-les-Bains
  • 19th-century bridge architecture in Creuse
    19th-century bridge architecture in Creuse
  • Aubusson's Medieval Clock Tower
    Medieval
    Clock Tower
  • typical Aubusson tapestry
    typical Aubusson tapestry
  • Natural granitic site of Les Pierres-Jaumâtres, in Creuse
    Natural granitic site of Les Pierres-Jaumâtres, in Creuse
  • Monet's Petite Creuse, 1889
    Monet
    's Petite Creuse, 1889
  • Western Creuse typical landscape
    Western Creuse typical landscape
  • Small river in Creuse
    Small river in Creuse
  • Boussac Castle, Creuse
    Boussac Castle, Creuse
  • Senoueix Bridge
    Senoueix Bridge
  • typical Limousin cattle in Creuse
    typical Limousin cattle in Creuse
  • The wolves of Chabrières
    The
    wolves
    of Chabrières
  • Lake Vassivière in Creuse
    Lake Vassivière in Creuse

See also

References

  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b Populations légales 2019: 23 Creuse, INSEE
  4. ^ "Historique de la Creuse". Le SPLAF.
  5. ^ "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
  6. ^ Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale.
  7. ^ "Creuse cake - Creuse - Limousin - Discover - I Discover France". Archived from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  8. ^ Recettes de Cuisine. EnCreuse.
  9. ^ "Jeanne d'Arc at the Chapelle du Mas-Saint-Jean: reality Or legend?", Town of Dunois website

External links

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