Crevice weaver
Crevice weavers Temporal range:
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Kukulcania hibernalis , male
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Filistatid web | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Araneae |
Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
Family: | Filistatidae Ausserer, 1867 |
Diversity | |
19 genera, 185 species | |
Distribution is approximate |
Crevice weaver spiders (Filistatidae) comprise
One of the most abundant members of this family in the
A striking visual characteristic of the family, beside dimorphism, is the unusual upward bend encountered near the femur of the first pair of legs. While resembling hydraulic muscle mechanisms akin to arthropods, this modification actually allows the spider to retain the prey directly from the crevice it occupies. Also, if the larger prey ever tries to pull it from the crevice, the spider can use these legs to "grab" to the side walls and hence make it difficult. Many Kukulcania species also use them to dig holes in the soft ground at a 25- to 30-degree angle.[citation needed]
Taxonomy
The family Filistatidae was created in 1867 by Anton Ausserer.[1] It was based on the species he called Filistata bicolor (now Filistata insidiatrix), a Mediterranean species also found in southern Austria.[2][3]
Phylogeny
On the basis of the features of the male and female genitalia, the family was placed in the
A 2015 study, based on
Araneomorphae |
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This placement suggests that features that were thought to be "primitive" to araneomorph spiders as a whole (such as an M-shaped midgut) could actually be novel derived features (
Genera
As of April 2019[update], the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[9]
- Afrofilistata Benoit, 1968 — Sudan
- Andoharano Lehtinen, 1967 — Namibia, Madagascar
- Antilloides Brescovit, Sánchez-Ruiz & Alayón, 2016 — Mexico
- Filistata Latreille, 1810 — Australia, Asia
- Filistatinella Gertsch & Ivie, 1936 — Mexico, United States
- Filistatoides F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Guatemala, Chile, Cuba
- Kukulcania Lehtinen, 1967 — North America, Central America, Chile
- Labahitha Zonstein, Marusik & Magalhaes, 2017 — Malaysia
- Lihuelistata Ramírez & Grismado, 1997 — Argentina
- Microfilistata Zonstein, 1990 — Iran, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan
- Misionella Ramírez & Grismado, 1997 — Brazil, Argentina
- Pholcoides Roewer, 1960 — Afghanistan, Tajikistan, India
- Pikelinia Mello-Leitão, 1946 — South America
- Pritha Lehtinen, 1967 — Asia, Oceania, Africa, France
- Sahastata Benoit, 1968 — Asia, Eritrea
- Tricalamus Wang, 1987 — China, Japan, Afghanistan
- Wandella Gray, 1994 — Australia
- Yardiella Gray, 1994 — Australia
- Zaitunia Lehtinen, 1967 — Asia, Greece
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Kukulcania hibernalis male
See also
References
- ^ "Family: Filistatidae Ausserer, 1867", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2016-01-10
- ^ "Taxon details Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775)", World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 2016-01-10
- ^ Ausserer, A. (1867), "Die Arachniden Tirols nach ihrer horizontalen und verticalen Verbreitung, I", Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17: 137–170
- ^ Coddington, Jonathan A. (2005). "Phylogeny and classification of spiders" (PDF). In Ubick, D.; Paquin, P.; Cushing, P.E. & Roth, V. (eds.). Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. pp. 18–24. Retrieved 2015-09-24.
- ^ PMID 24907603
- hdl:2246/6537
- ISBN 978-0-9574530-1-2
- ^ PMID 26925338.
- ^ "Family: Filistatidae Ausserer, 1867". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-22.