Crișana

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Crişana
)
For other uses, see Crișana (disambiguation).
Crișana region in Romania

Crișana (

Someș River, and to the west by the Tisza River, the Romanian-Hungarian border cutting it in two.[1][2] However, in Hungary, the area between the Tisza River and the Romanian border is usually known as Tiszántúl
.

Map of Crișana in Hungary (where it is almost identical to the region of Tiszántúl) and Romania
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History

For earlier events, see
Prehistory of Romania
.
Main article: History of Transylvania

Ancient history

Main articles:
Celts in Transylvania, Dacians, Dacia, and Ancient history of Transylvania

In

Dacian Kingdom under Burebista
.

Middle Ages

Main articles: Romania in the Early Middle Ages, Romania in the Middle Ages, and Origin of the Romanians
Menumorut's duchy
Crișana ("Kazár-országa" or Khazars' Land) in blue on a Hungarian map (from the 1890s) based on the Gesta Hungarorum

In the

Kingdom of Hungary
.

Hungarian maps based on the

Menumorout (Stallion of Morout) in the 10th century. Morout was a Prince of Poland who had supposedly subdued Bractari and ruled as Emperor of the Bulgars and Moravians.[3][4] Prince Morout occupied Crișana and the people that are called Cozar inhabited that land in reference to the Cozlones. Prince Morout's son Zvataplug appears to have been the father of Prince Morout's grandson Menumorout who succeeded Zvataplug and wed his daughter to Árpád's son Zoltán of Hungary father of Taksony of Hungary.[5]

Jews living in the area transmitted a letter written about 960 CE to King Joseph of the Khazars by Hasdai ibn Shaprut. About the same time Ibrahim ibn Jacob says that Jews went from the same area to Prague for business purposes. Nothing else is known concerning these Jews during the period of the grand princes, except that they lived in the area and engaged in commerce there.[citation needed]

The largest city in the region,

Benedictine Zobor Abbey. The Romanian name Oradea originates from the Hungarian name Várad, meaning "fortified place". The city was one of the most important cultural centres of the medieval Hungarian state: two Hungarian kings, Ladislaus I (1077-1095) and Sigismund
(1387-1437) were buried there. After the canonization of Ladislaus I in 1192, his shrine at Várad became a Catholic pilgrimage site.

Modern History

Main article:
Modern history of Transylvania

After the

Principality of Transylvania
, a successor state of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom. John Sigismund Zápolya abdicated as King of Hungary and in return, Maximilian II of Habsburg recognized John Sigismund's authority over the eastern territories of the Kingdom of Hungary. John Sigismund became princeps Transsylvaniae et partium regni Hungariae dominus – Prince of Transylvania and of a part of the Kingdom of Hungary (Partium). Crișana was included in the Partium.

Partium within the Principality of Transylvania in 1570

The Ottoman Varat Eyalet that was formed in the second half of the 17th century was centered on Crișana. Since the end of the 17th century, the whole region became part of the lands of the Habsburg monarchy and was administratively divided between the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, the Habsburg Principality of Transylvania and the Habsburg Military Frontier.

Following the abolition of the

Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Crișana was divided between Romania (eastern part) and Hungary
(western part).

Geography

Romanian Crișana is located within the

Arad (most of it), Bihor and some parts of Sălaj, Satu Mare, parts of Maramureș County (Codru, Chioar) and Hunedoara counties. Nowadays it is sometimes considered part of the historical region Transylvania
, although it did not fall fully within the boundaries of the historical principality.

Hungarian Körösvidék is covered by the areas of

Hajdú-Bihar County and Békés County. The southern part of Crișana, near the Mureș River, was called Pomorišje by the Serbs
.

Cities

The most important cities are:

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9781861891037
    .
  2. ISBN 9780847698097
    .
  3. ^ Simonis De Keza Gesta Hungarorum, edited and translated by Laszlo Veszpremy and Frank Schaer with a study by Jeno Szucs. CEU Press, 1999. p. 75
  4. ISBN 9789004438637
    .
  5. ^ Anonymous Notary of King Bela: The Deeds of the Hungarians, edited translated and anotated by Martyn Rady and László Veszprémy. CEU Press, 2010. p. 33.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crișana.

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