Croatian diaspora
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The Croatian diaspora (Croatian: Hrvatsko iseljeništvo or Hrvatsko rasuće[1][2]) consists of communities of ethnic Croats and/or Croatian citizens living outside Croatia. Estimates on its size are only approximate because of incomplete statistical records and naturalization, but (highest) estimates suggest that the Croatian diaspora numbers between a third[3] and a half[4] of the total number of Croats.
More than four million Croats live out of Croatia. The largest community outside Croatia are the
In Western Europe, the largest group is found in Germany. The German census reports 228,000
Statistics
Europe
- Eastern and Southeastern Europe
- Bosnia and Herzegovina 544,780 (2013)
- Serbia 39,107 (2021)
- Montenegro 6,021 (2011)
- Romania 4,842 (2021)
- Western and Central Europe[8]
- Germany 500,000 (see Croatian German)
- Austria 150,719[9]
- Belgium 7,000
- Slovenia 35,642 (2002)[10]
- Ireland 24,000 (2018)[11]
- Switzerland 80,000
- France 40,000
- Hungary 25,730[12]
- Italy 60,000
- 2001 UK Census)[13]
- Portugal 464 (Croatian citizens only, excluding people with double citizenship)[14]
- Northern Europe
Overseas
- Africa
- South Africa 8,000[18]
- North America
- United States 1,200,000 (2021)[19]
- Canada 133,965[20]
- South America[21]
- Argentina 250,000
- Bolivia 5,000
- Brazil 70,000
- Chile 400,000[22]
- Ecuador 4,000
- Paraguay 41,502[23]
- Peru 6,000
- Venezuela 5,000
- Uruguay 5,000
- Oceania
- Australia 164,360 (2021)[24]
- New Zealand 2,550[25] - 100,000(est.)[26]
Communities
United States
According to the 2005 US Community Survey, there are 401,208[27] Americans of full or partial Croatian descent.
Croatians in Detroit first appeared around 1890, settling usually in the region of Russel. In
Pittsburgh has always had a sizeable
Canada
Croatians reportedly immigrated to Canada as early as 1541 when two Croatians from Dalmatia served on the crew of Jacques Cartier's third voyage to Canada.[28] There are approximately 114,880 Canadians of Croatian ethnic origin as reported in the 2011 National Household Survey.
The Croatian community is present in most major Canadian cities (including Toronto, Hamilton, Ottawa, Winnipeg, Vancouver, Calgary, Windsor, and Montreal, as well as Mississauga and Oakville) in the form of designated Croatian churches, parks, and other organizations.
Notable Croatian Canadian organizations include the
Bolivia
Chile
The Croatian community first established itself in two provinces situated in the extreme ends of
It is officially accepted that there are up to 380,000
Argentina
Argentines of Croatian descent number over 250,000.
The second wave of Croat immigration was far more numerous, totalling 15,000 by 1939. Mostly peasants, these immigrants fanned out to work the land in
If the first two waves had been primarily economic, the third wave after the Second World War was eminently political. Some 20,000 Croatian political refugees came to Argentina, and most became construction workers on Peron's public works projects until they started to pick up some Spanish. Today, many descendants of the Croatian immigrants still know Croatian, although different than the modern-day Croatian language.[31]
Paraguay
The largest number of Croats arrived in Paraguay between 1860 and 1920. In those years, Croats emigrated mainly from the Dalmatian coast, predominantly from southern Dalmatia (islands and Boka Kotorska). Their main motivation for emigration was economic.
The first Croat in Paraguay was Ivan the Baptist Marchesetti, a missionary of the Society of Jesus, a native of Rijeka, who served in the Jesuit missions in Paraguay from 1757 until his death in Paraguay (1767).
Most of the Croats living in Paraguay are descended from these early immigrants. In the beginning, they were engaged in trade, pharmacy, small trades, mechanical works, gunsmiths, river navigation, rural jobs such as selling wood, construction, animal husbandry, professional jobs, etc.
According to the statistical study "Current situation and projections of the future development of the population of Croatian origin in Paraguay", approximately 41,502 Croatian descendants live in the Republic of Paraguay in 2022.[23]
The majority of Croats settled in urban and semi-urban areas, some were landowners, lumberjacks, wholesalers. Croats and their descendants were scattered in all areas of the country, and according to our demographic study by place of birth, the largest number of Croatian descendants live in the eastern part of the country. The largest number of Croats live in the cities of Asunción, Concepción, Encarnación, San Lorenzo, Luque, Presidente Franco and the surrounding areas of each of them.
Colombia
The Croatian community is present in most major Colombian cities, including
of Croatian ethnic origin as reported.Venezuela
Croatian immigration to Venezuela dates back to the late nineteenth century, and was characterized by the individual arrival of merchant seamen. Until World War I, only a few Croats settled in Venezuela, nevertheless it was in the period of World War II when the Croatian families that escaped from the government of Tito began to settle in the country. Most of these immigrants came from present-day Croatian territory, particularly from the coastal and inland areas of Dalmatia. Others came from Bosnia and Herzegovina.[32]
The majority of the members of the Croatian community settled in Caracas and Valencia and, to a lesser extent, in other cities of the interior: Maracay, Maracaibo, Mérida and in localities of the Yaracuy state, where some joined the work in the sugar industry.[33]
Also, several forest technicians arrived that later contributed to the establishment of the School of Forestry Engineering at the
Australia
The vast majority of Croatians in Australia are Christians, mostly
It is likely that the first Croat in Sydney was Stefano Posich who was born in Sicily to Croatian parents and migrated to Australia in 1813. Croats first immigrated to Australia during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s. During this time, Croats were counted as Austrians because much of Croatia was a part of the Habsburg Empire. Croatians were not recorded separately (from other Yugoslavs) until the 1996 Census. In 1947, at least 5,000 Croatians were residing in Australia - mainly from the coastal region of Dalmatia. Between 1890 and World War II, at least 250 Croatians settled in Melbourne. Since then, thousands of Croatians have arrived after World War II as displaced persons or economic migrants. Many Croatians found work in manufacturing and construction. a substantial amount of Croats came to Australia during the 1960s and 1970s due to high unemployment, limited economic opportunities and anti-Croatian sentiment in Yugoslavia - many of these immigrants came to Australia under family reunion programs. Many Croatian Australians were born in former Yugoslav states such as Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Croatian people are visible in all parts of Australian society, but they have made a big impact in the sporting arena with many football clubs being formed by immigrants, two of the more famous and most successful being
Since Croatian independence in the 1990s, an official embassy has been opened in Canberra while consulates have been established in Melbourne, Sydney and Perth.
New Zealand
The first Croat to settle in New Zealand is believed to be Pauvo Lupis (Paul) who deserted his Austrian ship in the late 1800s. Although Croats had contact with New Zealand and a few had settled the proper
There were 5,000 migrants of Croatian descent between 1890 and 1914, prior to World War I. A further 1,600 migrated during the 1920s before the onset of the Great Depression. Another 600 in the 1930s, prior to World War II. Between 1945 and 1970, 3,200 migrated to New Zealand. Arrivals during the 1990s fled the conflict in former Yugoslavia.
The main destination for settlers was the
Many Croatian men married Māori women as they came to New Zealand as bachelors before a bride could be sent from their home village. The local Maori called them Tarara because they spoke in Croatian very fast. Many Māori nowadays refer to themselves as Tarara and carry Croatian family names. Miss New Zealand 2010 Cody Yerkovich (spelled in Croatian as Jerković) is an example of the Māori Croatian mix Tarara.
In modern times Croatian immigrants have continued to arrive, with many starting their own business with the abundance of good soil and land. Many turned to work similar to what they did back in Dalmatia, such as vineyards, orchards and fishing. Some notable companies in the wine industry are Delegat, Nobilo, Selak, Villa Maria, Montana and Kuemue River Wines, all owned by Croatian families.
In fishing there are two big companies, the first being Talley's Seafood founded in 1936, by Ivan Peter Talijancich (spelled Talijančić in Croatian) established Talley's in Motueka, New Zealand, and the second being Simunovich (spelled Šimunović in Croatian) Fisheries Limited which has thrived and become a large company from deep sea scampi.
In sport many small clubs and associations have come and gone, but
Central United FC were the New Zealand champions in 1999, 2001 and were runner-up in 1998. Central United FC also won the Chatham Cup in 1997, 1998, 2005 and 2007 and were runners-up in 2000 and 2001. Their home ground is at Kiwitea Street Stadium, in Sandringham (Auckland).
Some notable former players are:
- Chris Zoricich
- Ivan Vicelich - New Zealand's most capped international.
- Hajduk Splitplayer and coach.
Other notable New Zealanders of Croatian descent include singer Lorde (real name Ella Yelich-O'Connor), historian James Belich, golfer Frank Nobilo, rugby player Frano Botica, motor racing drivers Robbie Francevic and Paul Radisich, tennis player Marina Erakovic, architect Ivan Mercep, artist Milan Mrkusich, and musicians Peter and Margaret Urlich.
See also
- Croatian Argentines
- Croatian Australians
- Burgenland Croats (Austria)
- Croats of Belgium
- Croatian Bolivians
- Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Croatian Canadians
- Croatian Chileans
- Croats in the Czech Republic
- Croats in Germany
- Croats of Hungary
- Croats of Italy
- Molise Croats (Italy)
- Croats in North Macedonia
- Croatian Mexicans
- Croats of Montenegro
- Croatian New Zealanders
- Croatian Peruvians
- Krashovani (Romania)
- Croats of Serbia
- Croats in Slovakia
- Croats of Slovenia
- Croats in Sweden
- Croats of Switzerland
- Ukraine White Croats
- Croatian Americans (USA)
- List of Croatian Americans (USA)
- Croatian Venezuelans
- Croatian Heritage Foundation / Hrvatska matica iseljenika
References
- ISBN 978-953-263-086-2.
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- ^ "About Us". Croatian World Congress. Archived from the original on 15 October 2007.
...4.5 million Croats and people of Croatian heritage live outside of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina...
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- ^ "Hrvatski iseljenici u prekomorskim i europskim državama i njihovi potomci". template.gov.hr. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
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- ^ Census 2001[permanent dead link] "Tabelle 5: Bevölkerung nach Umgangssprache und Staatsangehörigkeit", page 60 "131,307 Croatians + 19,412 Burgenland Croats = 150,719. In the Austrian census, Burgenland Croats are separate from the main Croat group."
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- ^ S0201. Selected Population Profile in the United States Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today, Population Group: Croatian (109-110), Data Set: 2007 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Survey: American Community Survey.
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- ^ Iturra, Leopoldo (15 July 2018). "¿Por qué los croatas son una colonia numerosa en Chile?". Diario AS (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Situación actual y proyecciones del desarrollo futuro de la población de origen croata en Paraguay" (PDF). imin.hr. January 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ "Ancestry | Australia | Community profile". profile.id.com.au. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "The Encyclopedia of New Zealand - Story: Dalmatians". Retrieved 13 April 2013.
- ^ "Carter: NZ Celebrates 150 Years Of Kiwi-Croatian Culture". Voxy. Digital Advance Limited. 30 July 2008. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
- ^ S0201. Selected Population Profile in the United States Archived February 10, 2020, at archive.today, Population Group: Croatian (109-110), Data Set: 2005 American Community Survey, Survey: American Community Survey
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- ^ Banko, Catalina (June 2016). "Un refugio en Venezuela: los inmigrantes de Hungría, Croacia, Eslovenia, Rumania y Bulgaria" [A shelter in Venezuela: the immigrants from Hungria, Croacia, Eslovenia, Rumania and Bulgaria]. Tiempo y Espacio (in Spanish). 26 (65): 63–75.
- ^ Arandia. "Los croatas en Venezuela y la medicina natural". Hrvatska radiotelevizija (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2017.
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "The Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne | Home | The Catholic…". The Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney". Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "Catholic Archdiocese of Adelaide - Home". adelaide.catholic.org.au. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "Home". The Catholic Archdiocese of Canberra & Goulburn. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "- Home". www.perthcatholic.org.au. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
- ^ "Victorian Adventist Conference". Retrieved 29 October 2021.
External links
- 50 famous people with Croatian heritage Croatia Week. Published March 3, 2018. Access date June 30, 2020.