Croke Park
This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2016) |
Páirc an Chrócaigh | |
Croker | |
24 September 1961) | |
Field size | 145m x 88m |
---|---|
Surface | Soil pitch[1] |
Construction | |
Broke ground | 1880 |
Opened | 1884 |
Renovated | 2004 |
Construction cost | €266 million (2004 renovation) |
Architect | Gilroy McMahon |
Project manager | Seamus Monahan & Partners |
Structural engineer | Horgan Lynch & Partners |
Tenants | |
Gaelic Athletic Association Ireland national rugby union team (2007–2010) Republic of Ireland national football team (2007–2010) | |
Website | |
www |
Croke Park (Irish: Páirc an Chrócaigh, IPA: [ˈpˠaːɾʲc ə ˈxɾˠoːkəj]) is a Gaelic games stadium in Dublin, Ireland. Named after Archbishop Thomas Croke, it is referred to as Croker by GAA fans and locals.[2] It serves as both the principal national stadium of Ireland and headquarters of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). Since 1891[3] the site has been used by the GAA to host Gaelic sports, including the annual All-Ireland in Gaelic football and hurling.
A major expansion and redevelopment of the stadium ran from 1991 to 2005, raising capacity to its current 82,300 spectators.[4] This makes Croke Park the fourth-largest stadium in Europe, and the largest not usually used for association football in Europe.
Along with other events held at the stadium include the opening and closing ceremonies of the
City and Suburban Racecourse
The area now known as Croke Park was owned in the 1880s by Maurice Butterly and known as the City and Suburban Racecourse, or Jones' Road sports ground. From 1890 it was also used by the
History
Recognising the potential of the Jones' Road sports ground, a journalist and GAA member, Frank Dineen, borrowed much of the £3,250 asking price and bought the ground in 1908. In 1913 the GAA came into exclusive ownership of the plot when they purchased it from Dineen for £3,500. The ground was then renamed Croke Park in honour of Archbishop Thomas Croke, one of the GAA's first patrons.
In 1913, Croke Park had only two stands on what is now known as the Hogan Stand side and grassy banks all round. In 1917, a grassy hill was constructed on the railway end of Croke Park to afford patrons a better view of the pitch. This terrace was known originally as Hill 60, after a battle in the Gallipoli Campaign, in which The Royal Dublin Fusiliers, Munster Fusiliers and Connaught Rangers fought. It was later renamed Hill 16 in memory of the 1916 Easter Rising. It is erroneously said to have been built from the ruins of the GPO but was constructed the previous year in 1915.
In 1918, the GAA set out to create a high-capacity stadium at Croke Park. Following the Hogan Stand, the Cusack Stand, named after Michael Cusack from Clare (who founded the GAA and served as its first secretary), was built in 1927. 1936 saw the first double-deck Cusack Stand open with 5,000 seats, and concrete terracing being constructed on Hill 16. In 1952 the Nally Stand was built in memorial of Pat Nally, another of the GAA founders. Seven years later, to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the GAA, the first cantilevered "New Hogan Stand" was opened.
The highest attendance ever recorded at an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final was 90,556 for
Bloody Sunday
On 21 November 1920, during the
Dublin Rodeo
In 1924, American rodeo promoter, Tex Austin, staged the Dublin Rodeo,[10] Ireland's first professional rodeo at Croke Park Stadium.[11][12] For seven days, with two shows each day from August 18 to August 24, sell-out crowds saw cowboys and cowgirls from Canada, the United States, Mexico, Argentina and Australia compete for rodeo championship titles.[13] Canadian bronc riders such as Andy Lund and his brother Art Lund, trick riders such as Ted Elder[14] and Vera McGinnis were among the contestants.[15] British Pathe filmed some of the rodeo events.[16][17][18]
Stadium redesign
In 1984 the organisation decided to investigate ways to increase the capacity of the old stadium. The design for an 80,000-capacity stadium was completed in 1991. Gaelic sports have special requirements as they take place on a large field. A specific requirement was to ensure the spectators were not too far from the field of play. This resulted in the three-tier design from which viewing games is possible: the main concourse, a premium level incorporating hospitality facilities and an upper concourse. The premium level contains restaurants, bars and conference areas. The project was split into four phases over a 14-year period. Such was the importance of Croke Park to the GAA for hosting big games, that the stadium did not close during redevelopment. During each phase, different parts of the ground were redeveloped, while leaving the rest of the stadium open. Big games, including the annual All-Ireland Hurling and Football finals, were played in the stadium throughout the development.
Phase one – New Cusack Stand
The first phase of construction was to build a replacement for Croke Park's Cusack Stand. A lower deck opened for use in 1994. The upper deck opened in 1995. Completed at a cost of £35 million, the new stand is 180 metres long, 35 metres high, has a capacity for 27,000 people and contains 46 hospitality suites. The new Cusack Stand contains three tiers from which viewing games is possible: the main concourse, a premium level incorporating hospitality facilities and finally an upper concourse. One end of the pitch was closer to the stand after this phase, as the process of slightly re-aligning the pitch during the redevelopment of the stadium began. The works were carried out by Sisk Group.[19]
Phase two – Davin Stand
Phase Two of the development started in late 1998 and involved extending the new Cusack Stand to replace the existing Canal End terrace. It involved reacquiring a rugby pitch that had been sold to Belvedere College in 1910 by Frank Dineen. In payment and part exchange, the college was given the nearby Distillery Road sports grounds.[20]
It is now known as The Davin Stand (Irish: Ardán Dáimhím), after Maurice Davin, the first president of the GAA. This phase also saw the creation of a tunnel which was later named the Ali tunnel in honour of Muhammad Ali and his fight against Al Lewis in July 1972 in Croke Park.[21]
Phase three – Hogan Stand
Phase Three saw the building of the new Hogan Stand. This required a greater variety of spectator categories to be accommodated including general spectators, corporate patrons, VIPs, broadcast and media services and operation staff. Extras included a fitted-out mezzanine level for VIP and Ard Comhairle (Where the dignitaries sit) along with a top-level press media facility. The end of Phase Three took the total spectator capacity of Croke Park to 82,000.
The
Phase four – Nally Stand & Nally End/Dineen Hill 16 terrace
After the 2003 Special Olympics, construction began in September 2003 on the final phase, Phase Four. This involved the redevelopment of the Nally Stand, named after the athlete Pat Nally, and Hill 16 into a new Nally End/Dineen Hill 16 terrace. While the name Nally had been used for the stand it replaced, the use of the name Dineen was new, and was in honour of Frank Dineen, who bought the original stadium for the GAA in 1908, giving it to them in 1913. The old Nally Stand was taken away and reassembled in Pairc Colmcille, home of Carrickmore GAA in County Tyrone.[23]
The phase four development was officially opened by the then GAA President Seán Kelly on 14 March 2005. For logistical reasons (and, to a degree, historical reasons), and also to provide cheaper high-capacity space, the area is a terrace rather than a seated stand, the only remaining standing room in Croke Park. Unlike the previous Hill, the new terrace was divided into separate sections – Hill A (Cusack Stand side), Hill B (behind the goals) and the Nally terrace (on the site of the old Nally Stand). The fully redeveloped Hill has a capacity of around 13,200, bringing the overall capacity of the stadium to 82,300. This made the stadium the second biggest in the EU after the Camp Nou, Barcelona. However, London's new Wembley stadium has since overtaken Croke Park in second place. The presence of terracing meant that for the brief period when Croke Park hosted international association football during 2007–2009, the capacity was reduced to approximately 73,500, due to FIFA's statutes stating that competitive games must be played in all-seater stadiums.[citation needed]
Pitch
The pitch in Croke Park is a soil pitch that replaced the
Since January 2006, a special growth and lighting system called the SGL Concept has been used to assist grass growing conditions, even in the winter months. The system, created by Dutch company SGL (Stadium Grow Lighting), helps in controlling and managing all pitch growth factors, such as light, temperature, CO2, water, air and nutrients.[24]
Floodlighting
With the
Concerts
Date | Performer(s) | Opening act(s) | Tour/Event | Attendance | Revenue | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29 June 1985 | U2 | In Tua Nua, R.E.M., The Alarm, Squeeze | The Unforgettable Fire Tour | 57,000 | First Irish act to have a headline concert. Part of the concert was filmed for the group's documentary Wide Awake in Dublin. | |
28 June 1986 | Simple Minds | Once Upon A Time Tour
|
Guest appearance by Bono | |||
27 June 1987 | U2 | Light A Big Fire, The Dubliners, The Pogues, Lou Reed | The Joshua Tree Tour | 114,000 | ||
28 June 1987 | Christy Moore, The Pretenders, Lou Reed, Hothouse Flowers | |||||
28 June 1996 | Tina Turner | Brian Kennedy | Wildest Dreams Tour | 40,000 | ||
16 May 1997 | Garth Brooks | World Tour II | ||||
18 May 1997 | ||||||
29 May 1998 | Elton John & Billy Joel | Face to Face 1998 | ||||
30 May 1998 | ||||||
24 June 2005 | U2 | The Radiators from Space, The Thrills, The Bravery, Snow Patrol, Paddy Casey, Ash | Vertigo Tour | 246,743 | ||
25 June 2005 | ||||||
27 June 2005 | ||||||
20 May 2006 | Bon Jovi | Nickelback | Have a Nice Day Tour | 81,327 | ||
9 June 2006 | Robbie Williams | Basement Jaxx | Close Encounters Tour | |||
6 October 2007 | The Police | Fiction Plane | The Police Reunion Tour | 81,640 | Largest attendance of the tour. Guest appearance by Bono. | |
31 May 2008 | Celine Dion | Il Divo | Taking Chances World Tour | 69,725 | Largest attendance for a solo female act | |
1 June 2008 | Westlife | Shayne Ward | Back Home Tour | 85,000 | Second Irish act to have a headline concert. Largest attendance of the tour. Part of the concert was filmed for the group's documentary and concert DVD 10 Years of Westlife - Live at Croke Park Stadium. | |
14 June 2008 | Neil Diamond | |||||
13 June 2009 | Take That | The Script | Take That Present: The Circus Live
|
|||
24 July 2009 | U2 | Glasvegas, Damien Dempsey | U2 360° Tour | 243,198 | ||
25 July 2009 | Kaiser Chiefs, Republic of Loose | |||||
27 July 2009 | Bell X1, The Script | The performances of "New Year's Day" and "I'll Go Crazy If I Don't Go Crazy Tonight" were recorded for the group's live album U22 and for the band's remix album Artificial Horizon and the live EP Wide Awake in Europe, respectively. | ||||
5 June 2010 | Westlife | Wonderland, WOW, JLS, Jedward | Where We Are Tour | 86,500 | Largest attendance of the tour. | |
18 June 2011 | Take That | Pet Shop Boys | Progress Live | 154,828 | ||
19 June 2011 | ||||||
22 June 2012 | Westlife | Jedward, The Wanted, Lawson | Greatest Hits Tour | 187,808[26] | The 23 June 2012 date broke the stadium record for selling out its tickets in four minutes. Eleventh largest attendance at an outdoor stadium worldwide. Largest attendance of the tour and Westlife's history. Part of the concert was filmed for the group's documentary and concert DVD The Farewell Tour - Live in Croke Park. | |
23 June 2012 | ||||||
26 June 2012 | Red Hot Chili Peppers | Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds, The Vaccines | I'm with You World Tour | |||
23 May 2014 | One Direction | 5 Seconds of Summer | Where We Are Tour | 235,008 | ||
24 May 2014 | ||||||
25 May 2014 | ||||||
20 June 2015 | The Script | No Sound Without Silence Tour | 74,635 | |||
24 July 2015 | Ed Sheeran | x Tour
|
162,308 | |||
25 July 2015 | ||||||
27 May 2016 | Bruce Springsteen | The River Tour 2016
|
160,188 | |||
29 May 2016 | ||||||
9 July 2016 | Beyoncé | Chloe x Halle, Ingrid Burley | The Formation World Tour | 68,575[27] | ||
8 July 2017 | Coldplay | AlunaGeorge, Tove Lo | A Head Full of Dreams Tour[28] | 80,398 | ||
22 July 2017 | U2 | Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds | The Joshua Tree Tour 2017
|
80,901 | ||
17 May 2018 | The Rolling Stones | The Academic | No Filter Tour
|
64,823 | ||
15 June 2018 | Taylor Swift | Camila Cabello Charli XCX |
Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour
|
133,034 / 133,034 | $8,567,769 | First woman to headline two shows on a single tour. |
16 June 2018 | ||||||
7 July 2018 | Michael Bublé | Emeli Sandé | ||||
24 May 2019 | Spice Girls | Jess Glynne | Spice World - 2019 UK Tour
|
74,186 | ||
5 July 2019 | Westlife | James Arthur Wild Youth |
The Twenty Tour | 148,470 | $11,577,344 | The 5 July date sold out in six minutes. The 6 July date was sold out in under forty-eight hours, and recorded for a concert film. |
6 July 2019 | ||||||
23 April 2022 | Ed Sheeran | Maisie Peters Denise Chaila |
+–=÷x Tour
|
140,487 / 151,054 | $12,765,829 | |
24 April 2022 | ||||||
9 September 2022 | Garth Brooks | The Garth Brooks Stadium Tour | Replaced the five 2014 shows that were cancelled due to a disagreement between management and local residents who did not want five concerts to occur.[29] | |||
10 September 2022 | ||||||
11 September 2022 | ||||||
16 September 2022 | ||||||
17 September 2022 | ||||||
31 December 2023 | All Saints | The Europe Tour 2024 | ||||
19 May 2024 | Bruce Springsteen and The E Street Band | 2024 World Tour | ||||
17 August 2024[30] | AC/DC | |||||
29 August 2024 | Coldplay | Music of the Spheres World Tour | ||||
30 August 2024 | ||||||
1 September 2024 | ||||||
2 September 2024 |
Non-Gaelic games
There was great debate in Ireland regarding the use of Croke Park for sports other than those of the GAA. As the GAA was founded as a
Until its abolition in 1971, rule 27 of the GAA constitution stated that a member of the GAA could be banned from playing its games if found to be also playing association football, rugby or
In June 2003, Croke Park served as the main venue for the 2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games with a noted highlight of the Special Olympics being Muhammad Ali attending the opening ceremony.[33] They were the first edition of the Special Olympics World Summer Games not to be held in the United States.[34]
On 16 April 2005, a motion to temporarily relax rule No. 42 was passed at the GAA Annual Congress. The motion gives the GAA Central Council the power to authorise the renting or leasing of Croke Park for events other than those controlled by the Association, during a period when Lansdowne Road – the venue for international soccer and rugby matches – was closed for redevelopment. The final result was 227 in favour of the motion to 97 against, 11 votes more than the required two-thirds majority.
In January 2006, it was announced that the GAA had reached an agreement with the Football Association of Ireland (FAI) and Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) to stage two Six Nations games and four soccer internationals at Croke Park in 2007 and in February 2007, use of the pitch by the FAI and the IRFU in 2008 was also agreed.[35] These agreements were within the temporary relaxation terms, as Lansdowne Road was still under redevelopment until 2010. Although the GAA had said that hosted use of Croke Park would not extend beyond 2008, irrespective of the redevelopment progress,[35] fixtures[36] for the 2009 Six Nations rugby tournament saw the Irish rugby team using Croke park for a third season. 11 February 2007 saw the first rugby union international to be played there. Ireland were leading France in a Six Nations clash, but lost 17–20 after conceding a last minute (converted) try. Raphaël Ibañez scored the first try in that match; Ronan O'Gara scored Ireland's first-ever try at Croke Park.
A second match between Ireland and
On 2 March 2010, Ireland played their final international rugby match against a Scotland team that was playing to avoid the wooden spoon and hadn't won a championship match against Ireland since 2001. Outside half, Dan Parks inspired the Scots to a 3-point victory and ended Irish Hopes of a triple crown.[38]
On 24 March 2007, the first association football match took place at Croke Park. The Republic of Ireland took on Wales in UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying Group D, with a Stephen Ireland goal securing a 1–0 victory for the Irish in front of a crowd of 72,500. Prior to this, the IFA Cup had been played at the then Jones' Road in 1901, but this was 12 years before the GAA took ownership.
Negotiations took place for the NFL International Series's 2011 game to be held at Croke Park but the game was awarded to Wembley Stadium.[39][40] In July 2013, it was announced that Penn State would open their 2014 college football season against Central Florida at Croke Park.[41]
Croke Park was included as one of the stadiums in the
World record attendance
On 2 May 2009, Croke Park was the venue for a
Skyline tour
A walkway,
GAA Hall of Fame
On 11 February 2013, the GAA opened the Hall of Fame section in the Croke Park Museum. The foundation of the award scheme is the Teams of the Millennium
National Handball Centre
The new National Handball Centre, located at the southeast corner of the stadium on Sackville Avenue,
While the centre's official opening was delayed due to both the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the final completion of remaining building works, the centre had a 'soft' opening in December 2021, allowing registered players to book the courts through Croke Park.[57] The first competitive One-wall handball match took place in the centre in December 2022 during the European 1-Wall Tour "EliteStop" held in the Centre on Saturday and Sunday, 10–11 December 2022.[58] The first competitive Four-wall handball matches to be played in the new Centre took place on Sunday, 2 April 2023 from 10 am with the GAA Handball O'Neills-sponsored All-Ireland 4-Wall Senior Doubles semi-finals taking place in both Men's and Ladies codes.[59]
See also
- Hill 16
- List of Gaelic Athletic Association stadiums
- List of stadiums in Ireland by capacity
- Sport in Ireland
- Garth Brooks concerts controversy 2014
- Lists of stadiums
References
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- ^ https://www.buzz.ie/culture/croke-park-gig-summer-2024-31416034 Croke Park to host sixth concert in 2024 as AC/DC tipped to announce August gig at GAA HQ
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