Cromoglicic acid

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(Redirected from
Cromolyn sodium
)
Cromoglicic acid
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B1
Routes of
administration
topical: oral, nasal spray, inhaled, eye drops
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S2 (Pharmacy medicine)
  • UK: inhaler POM; eye OTC
  • US: OTC nasal; eye, inhaler: Rx only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability1%
Elimination half-life1.3 hours
Identifiers
  • 5,5′-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy)bis(4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid)
JSmol)
  • O=C(O)C=4Oc3cccc(OCC(O)COc2cccc1O/C(=C\C(=O)c12)C(=O)O)c3C(=O)C=4
  • InChI=1S/C23H16O11/c24-11(9-31-14-3-1-5-16-20(14)12(25)7-18(33-16)22(27)28)10-32-15-4-2-6-17-21(15)13(26)8-19(34-17)23(29)30/h1-8,11,24H,9-10H2,(H,27,28)(H,29,30) checkY
  • Key:IMZMKUWMOSJXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Cromoglicic acid (

INN)—also referred to as cromolyn (USAN), cromoglycate (former BAN), or cromoglicate—is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizer, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt sodium cromoglicate or cromolyn sodium. This drug prevents the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine from mast cells
.

It is considered a breakthrough drug in management of asthma, as the patients can be freed from steroids in many cases; however, it is mainly effective as a prophylaxis for allergic and exercise-induced asthma, not as a treatment for acute asthma attacks.[citation needed]

Cromoglicic acid has been the non-

leukotriene receptor antagonists because of their safety and convenience. Cromoglicic acid requires administration four times daily, and does not provide additive benefit in combination with inhaled corticosteroids.[1]

History

Cromolyn was discovered in 1965 by

khella (Ammi visnaga) which had been used as a muscle relaxant since ancient times in Egypt. Altounyan deliberately inhaled derivatives of the active ingredient khellin to determine if they could block his asthma attacks. After several years of trial, he isolated an effective and safe asthma-preventing compound called cromolyn sodium.[citation needed
]

Preparations

Cromoglicic acid is available in multiple forms:

Mechanism of action

"Cromolyn works because it prevents the release of mediators that would normally attract inflammatory cells and because it stabilizes the inflammatory cells. MCT mast cells found in the mucosa are stabilised."[7] Nedocromil is another mast cell stabilizer that also works in controlling asthma. The underlying

C fibers to the irritant capsaicin, inhibiting local axon reflexes involved in asthma, and may inhibit the release of preformed T cell cytokines and mediators involved in asthma.[9]

It is known to somewhat inhibit

and thus may inhibit the:

  • exaggerated neuronal reflexes triggered by stimulation of irritant receptors on sensory nerve endings (e.g. exercise-induced asthma)
  • release of preformed
    eosinophils
    ) in allergen-induced asthma

Note: Another chemical (NPPB: 5-nitro-2(3-phenyl) propylamino-benzoic acid) was shown, in the same study, to be a more effective chloride channel blocker.

Finally it may act by inhibiting calcium influx.

Cromoglicate is classified as a chromone.

Cromolyn is also being tested as a drug to treat insulin-induced lipoatrophy[11][12] and Alzheimer's disease in combination with Ibuprofen.[13] Cromolyn is also known to bind S100P protein and disrupt the interaction with RAGE.[14][15]

Synthesis

Cromoglicic acid synthesis.

See also

Visnaga daucoides

References

  1. PMID 19264689
    . Review.
  2. PMID 8635375. Archived from the original
    on 2013-04-14.
  3. ^ Carter E (July 31, 2009). "King Pharmaceuticals: Dear Healthcare Professionals" (PDF). Food and Drug Administration. King Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved May 28, 2012.
  4. ^ "Intal Inhaler discontinued - MPR". Empr.com. 4 August 2009. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
  5. PMID 26028608
    .
  6. .
  7. ^ Werner's Pathophysiology page 224
  8. ^ .
  9. .
  10. .
  11. .
  12. ^ Yasgur BS (18 December 2013). "A Surprising Option for Managing Insulin-Induced Lipoatrophy".
  13. ^ "Alzt-Op1". Alzforum.
  14. PMID 25084534
    .
  15. .

External links