Crotalaria avonensis
| Crotalaria avonensis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | Crotalaria |
| Species: | C. avonensis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Crotalaria avonensis DeLaney & Wunderlin
| |
Crotalaria avonensis is a rare species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names Avon Park rattlebox, Avon Park harebells, and Avon Park rabbit-bells. It is endemic to Central Florida in the United States, where it is known from only three sites. Many individuals exist on land that is unprotected and they are threatened with destruction. The plant is a federally listed endangered species.
This is a perennial herb with one to three hairy stems growing from a taproot. Most of the stem is located underground, with up to 10 centimeters growing above the surface. The stems are lined with fleshy oval leaves which are coated in white or yellowish hairs. The inflorescence is a raceme of yellow pealike flowers around a centimeter long. The fruit is an inflated legume pod in shades of dark red or brown which can be up to 2.5 centimeters in length and contains 18 seeds. After the plant flowers in spring it becomes dormant for the rest of the year.[2][3]
It was first collected in 1950 but not recognized as an undescribed species until 1989, when it was named.[3][4] It grows in the white sand scrub of Florida's Lake Wales Ridge. It can tolerate some disturbance and partially shady conditions. It grows alongside other rare scrub plants such as Small's jointweed (Polygonum dentoceras), Florida lady's nightcap (Bonamia grandiflora), scrub blazing star (Liatris ohlingerae), and Highlands Scrub St. John's wort (Hypericum cumulicola).[1]
The plant is threatened by the degradation and
Many aspects of the plant's life cycle are unknown. Studies indicate it has a low fecundity, probably because of low flower and fruit production. Flowers require pollination by insects, but few insects have been observed at plants. The plant's annual survival rate is apparently quite high but few seeds are produced and few of those germinate. The plant is probably at high risk for extinction, a risk that could be lowered by enacting protection measures for the largest population, which exists tenuously at a site of rapid residential construction.[5] Other conservation efforts underway include cryopreservation of shoot tips, but this plan is not supported by all involved biologists.[5]
References
- ^ a b c Crotalaria avonensis. Archived 2008-06-02 at the Wayback Machine The Nature Conservancy.
- ^ Crotalaria avonensis. Archived 2010-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Center for Plant Conservation.
- ^ a b c USFWS. Endangered or threatened status for seven Central Florida plants. Federal Register April 27, 1993.
- ^ DeLaney, K. R. and R. P. Wunderlin. (1989). A new species of Crotalaria (Fabaceae) from the Florida Central Ridge. Sida 13(3): 315-324.
- ^ a b c d e USFWS. Crotalaria avonensis Five-year Review. July 2007.