Crown

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Crown (disambiguation).
Imperial State Crown of the United Kingdom
Cathedral of Palermo
).
Imperial Crown (Benkan) of Emperor Kōmei of Japan
Imperial Crown of Austria
Imperial Crown of Russia
, 2012 replica
Vajracarya's Ritual Crown, Ancient Nepal
The Seobongchong Golden Crown of Ancient Silla, which is 339th National Treasure of South Korea. It is basically following the standard type of Silla's Crown. It was excavated by Swedish Crown Prince Gustaf VI Adolf in 1926.

A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, particularly in Commonwealth countries, as an abstract name for the monarchy itself, as distinct from the individual who inhabits it (that is, The Crown). A specific type of crown (or coronet for lower ranks of peerage) is employed in heraldry under strict rules. Indeed, some monarchies never had a physical crown, just a heraldic representation, as in the constitutional kingdom of Belgium.

Variations

Terminology

Three distinct categories of crowns exist in those monarchies that use crowns or state regalia.

Coronation
Worn by monarchs when being crowned.
State
Worn by monarchs on other state occasions.
Consort crowns
Worn by a consort, signifying rank granted as a constitutional courtesy protocol.

Crowns or similar headgear, as worn by nobility and other high-ranking people below the ruler, is in English often called a coronet; however, in many languages, this distinction is not made and the same word is used for both types of headgear (e.g., French couronne, German Krone, Dutch kroon). In some of these languages the term "rank crown" (rangkroon, etc.) refers to the way these crowns may be ranked according to hierarchical status. In

diadem
.

History

King of Persis Ardakhshir II
, 1st century BC.

Crowns have been discovered in pre-historic times from

Constantine I
and was worn by all subsequent rulers of the later Roman Empire. Almost all Sassanid kings wore crowns. One of the most famous kings who left numerous statues, reliefs and coins of crowns is the king Shapur I.

Numerous crowns of various forms were used in antiquity, such as the Hedjet, Deshret, Pschent (double crown) and Khepresh of Pharaonic Egypt. The Pharaohs of Egypt also wore the diadem, which was associated with solar cults, an association which was not completely lost, as it was later revived under the Roman Emperor Augustus.[5] By the time of the Pharaoh Amenophis III (r.1390–1352c) wearing a diadem clearly became a symbol of royalty. The wreaths and crowns of classical antiquity were sometimes made from natural materials such as laurel, myrtle, olive, or wild celery.[6]

The corona radiata, the "

radiant crown" known best on the Statue of Liberty, and perhaps worn by the Helios that was the Colossus of Rhodes, was worn by Roman emperors as part of the cult of Sol Invictus prior to the Roman Empire's conversion to Christianity. It was referred to as "the chaplet studded with sunbeams" by Lucian, about 180 AD.[7]

Iron Crown of Lombardy
.

In the Christian tradition of European cultures, where ecclesiastical sanction authenticates monarchic power when a new monarch ascends the throne, the crown is placed on the new monarch's head by a religious official in a coronation ceremony. Some, though not all, early

Pius VII
when he reached out and crowned himself, although in reality this order of ceremony had been pre-arranged.

Today, only the

Bernard Edward Barnaby FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Castletown
.

The

Crown of King George XII of Georgia made of gold and decorated with 145 diamonds, 58 rubies, 24 emeralds, and 16 amethysts. It took the form of a circlet surmounted by ornaments and eight arches. A globe surmounted by a cross
rested on the top of the crown.

Special headgear to designate rulers dates back to pre-history, and is found in many separate civilizations around the globe. Commonly, rare and precious materials are incorporated into the crown, but that is only essential for the notion of crown jewels.

Pre-Columbian New World, rare feathers, such as that of the quetzal
, often decorated crowns; so too in Polynesia (e.g., Hawaii).

Coronation ceremonies are often combined with other rituals, such as enthronement (the throne is as much a symbol of monarchy as the crown) and anointing (again, a religious sanction, the only defining act in the Biblical tradition of Israel).

In other cultures, no crown is used in the equivalent of coronation, but the head may still be otherwise symbolically adorned; for example, with a royal

tikka
in the Hindu tradition of India.

Gallery

Numismatics

Because one or more crowns, alone or as part of a more elaborate design, often appear on coins, several monetary denominations came to be known as 'a crown' or the equivalent word in the local language, such as krone. This persists in the case of the national currencies of the Scandinavian countries and the Czech Republic. The generic term "crown sized" is frequently used for any coin roughly the size of an American silver dollar (ie., approximately 26.5mm diameter).

See also

References

  1. ^ Itsios, Alex. "Gold of Ancestors - Ayala Museum". www.ayalamuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2017-06-25. Retrieved 2017-07-01.
  2. ^ "12 Surprising Facts You Didn't Know About Ancient Philippines". 4 July 2018. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  3. ISBN 90-04-10422-4. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-25. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  4. ^ "Stone Pages Archaeo News: 4,000-year-old copper crown unearthed in India". Archived from the original on 2021-09-28. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
  5. ISBN 1-86064-609-3
    .
  6. ^ "Winners of Panhellenic Games Received Victory Wreaths". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on 2023-03-10. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
  7. ^ in Alexander the false prophet Archived 2016-11-26 at the Wayback Machine)
  8. ^ "Crown of the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception, known as the Crown of the Andes". Metropolitan Museum of Art website. Archived from the original on 2023-05-18. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
  9. ^ "Gemstone Gallery". 2018-05-29. Archived from the original on 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2022-10-04.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crowns.


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