Ctenosaura pectinata
Ctenosaura pectinata | |
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Ctenosaura pectinata from the coast southwest Mexico | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Squamata |
Suborder: | Iguania |
Family: | Iguanidae |
Genus: | Ctenosaura |
Species: | C. pectinata
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Binomial name | |
Ctenosaura pectinata (Wiegmann, 1834)
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Synonyms[3] | |
Ctenosaura pectinata is a species of moderately large lizard in the family Iguanidae. The species is native to western Mexico.
The standardized English name is the western spiny-tailed iguana.[4]: 58–59 p. However, an earlier edition of standardized names applied the name Mexican spinytailed iguana to Ctenosaura pectinata.[5]: 46 p. Confoundedly the name Mexican spiny-tailed iguana was applied to Ctenosaura acanthura[4]: 58–59 p. which was referred to as the northeastern spinytailed iguana in the earlier edition of standardized names.[5]: 45–46 p. It has also been called simply the spiny-tailed iguana,[6]: 506 p. [7]: 216 p. black spiny-tailed iguana,[8]: 265 p. Guerreran spiny-tailed Iguana,[1] broad-ringed spiny-tailed iguana[9]: 144 p. among other common names.
The taxonomic status, relationships, and validity of a number of spiny-tailed iguana, particularly Ctenosaura acanthura, C. pectinata, and C. similis have an extensive history of confusion in both scientific and popular literature. The status and relationship of Ctenosaura acanthura and C. pectinata remains unstable (as of 2021) with some limited molecular evidence suggesting Ctenosaura acanthura is a synonym (the same species) of C. pectinata, while others recognize the two as allopathic, morphologically distinct species.[10][11][12][13] The common names Mexican spiny-tailed iguana and black spiny-tailed iguana (among many other common names) have been loosely and informally applied to all three species at various times.
Geographic range
In Mexico it is found from central Sinaloa to southern Chiapas. It has also been introduced to the United States in the very southern tip of the state of Texas and in the state of Florida.
Taxonomy
C. pectinata was first described by German zoologist Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann in 1834.[14] The generic name, Ctenosaura, is derived from two Greek words: ctenos (Κτενός), meaning "comb" (referring to the comblike spines on the lizard's back and tail), and saura (σαύρα), meaning "lizard".[15] Its specific name is the Latin word pectinata meaning "combed", also referring to the comblike spines on the lizard's back.[16] The genus it belongs to represents the most diverse group of iguanas with 15 currently recognized species.[17] These species inhabit lowland (below 1200m elevation) dry forests on both coasts of Mexico and Central America.[17] All species of Ctenosaura fall within one of seven clades.[17] Distributions of these clades fall geographically within well established areas.[17] Closely related species show allopatry whereas species from divergent clades show sympatry.[17] Phylogenic study shows this species to be most closely related to C. acanthura, the Northeastern spinytail iguana.[18] Additional mitochondrial DNA research is being performed to determine whether additional subspecies may exist.[19] Because of the different human cultures throughout this species distribution, the clades are being evaluated for their impact from humans.[19] For example, these iguanas are not eaten in their northern ranges by humans as they are in the southern ranges, but the hatchlings in the southern ranges have a better survival rate due to better environmental conditions.
Description
C. pectinata has distinctive keeled
Ctenosaura pectinata often (but not always) has an irregular piebald pattern on the head or dorsal areas. Although the tail may be banded with light and dark crossbands, C. pectinata typically lacks a clear or well developed crossband pattern on the body, which is often present in the similar appearing and closely related species Ctenosaura similis and Ctenosaura acanthura.[21]: 144 p. Ctenosaura pectinata varies from gray to a brownish-black, with some males exhibiting yellowish colors, and females orange color, on the lateral sides of the body.[22]: 143 p. The young are bright green and unmarked except for black tail bands, present also on adults.[23]: 123 p.
Distribution
C. pectinata is native to Western Mexico from Sinaloa to Oaxaca.[15][16]
This iguana has been introduced to Brownsville, Texas and South Florida and reproduces in the wild in several feral populations.[24] On the south-eastern Florida coast, these iguanas have been found on Key Biscayne, Hialeah, and in Broward County. On the south-western Florida coast, it has been reported on Gasparilla Island.[25] It is currently estimated as of December 2007 that there are 12,000 iguanas on this island, descended from a trio of pet lizards released by a resident in the 1970s.[26]
They are regarded as a "nuisance animal" on Gasparilla island because the iguanas eat ornamental flowers and shrubs and prey on nesting birds and
Behavior
C. pectinata is a social lizard, which has adapted to living in groups as opposed to other species of Ctenosaura which tend to be solitary animals.
Juveniles consume a diet consisting mostly of insects. However, adults are primarily
Reproduction
Mating of C. pectinata occurs in the spring. Males show dominance and interest by head bobbing, eventually chasing the female until he can catch her and subdue her.
Threatened status
C. pectinata is used as a traditional food source in its native Mexico.
Although hunting, trapping, and killing of these iguanas is illegal throughout Mexico; the Balsas depression along the borders of the states
Gallery
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Male showing yellow coloring on the lateral sides of the body, Rio Tamazula, Parque Las Riberas, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico (23 March 2010)
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A female from Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, Mexico (23 December 2016)
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A female from the Huatulco Coast area of Oaxaca, Mexico (29 December 2010)
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A female photographed in the Huatulco Coast area in Oaxaca, Mexico (2013)
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Ventral view of a Ctenosaura pectinata from the vicinity of Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico (16 September 2013)
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Juveniles are a bright green color as this one from theBosque de la Primaveraregion of Jalisco, Mexico (2013)
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Ctenosaura pectinata from the area of Playa Escobilla, Oaxaca, Mexico (13 September 2010)
References
- ^ . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ Species Ctenosaura pectinata at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.
- ^ a b Liner, Ernest A., and Gustavo Casas-Andreu (2008). Standard Spanish, English and scientific names of the amphibians and reptiles of Mexico. Society for the Study Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular 38: i-iv, 1-162.
- ^ a b Liner, E.A. (1994). Scientific and common names for the amphibians and reptiles of Mexico in English and Spanish. Society for the Study Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular 23: i-iii, 1-113.
- ISBN 0-394-50824-6.
- ISBN 0-395-90452-8.
- ISBN 0-916846-41-5.
- ISBN 0-87719-068-2.
- ^ Köhler, G., and B. Streit (1996). "Notes on the systematic status of the taxa acanthura, pectinata, and similis of the genus Ctenosaura (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae)". Senckenbergiana biologica 75 (1/2): 33-43.
- ^ Malone, Catherine L., Víctor Hugo Reynoso, and Larry Buckley (2017). "Never judge an iguana by its spines: Systematics of the Yucatan spiny tailed iguana, Ctenosaura defensor (Cope, 1866)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 115: 27-39
- ^ Zarza, Eugenia, Victor H. Reynoso, and Brent C. Emerson (2008). "Diversification in the northern neotropics: mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogeography of the iguana Ctenosaura pectinata and related species". Molecular Ecology 17: 3259–3275
- ^ The Reptile Database, Ctenosaura acanthura (SHAW, 1802), see Comments, (accessed 6 July 2021)
- ^ "Ctenosaura ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 30 December 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Malfatti, Mark (2007). "A Look at the Genus Ctenosaura: Meet the World's fastest lizard and its kin". Reptiles Magazine. 15 (11): 64–73.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-520-23854-1.
- ^ a b c d e Buckley, Larry; Pagel, Katelyn; Villela, Oscar (2007). "Evolution of Spiny-tailed Iguanas (Genus Ctenosaura): How Identification of Species Groups and their Relationships Can Help with Conservation Priorities". Iguana: Journal of the International Iguana Society. 14 (4): 248–251.
- ^ de Queiroz, Kevin (1987). Phylogenetic systematics of iguanine lizards: a comparative osteological study. Berkeley: University of California Press. xii + 203 pp.
- ^ a b c d Reynoso, Victor; Zarra-Franco, Eugenia; Medina Mantecon, Wendoli; Rueda Zozaya, Pilar (2007). "Black Iguana Project 2006 Update: Genetics, Demography, and Feeding". Iguana: Journal of the International Iguana Society. 14 (4): 249–250.
- ^ ISBN 0-394-50824-6
- ^ Köhler, G. (2008). Reptiles of Central America, 2nd Edition. Offenbach, Germany: Herpeton, Verlag Elke Köhler. 400 pp.
- ^ García, A., and G. Ceballos (1994). Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of the Jalisco Coast, Mexico. México, Distrito Federal: Fundacion Ecologica de Cuixmala, A. C., Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 184 pp.
- ^ a b Hardy, L.M., and R.W. McDiarmid (1969). "The Amphibians and Reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico". University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History 18 (3): 39-252.
- ^ ISBN 0-395-58389-6.
- ^ Krysko, K.L.; King, F.W.; Enge, K.; Reppas, A.T. (2003). "Distribution of the introduced black spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis) on the southwestern coast of Florida". Florida Scientist. 66 (2): 74–79.
- ^ a b c d e Moser, Patrick (December 8, 2007), "Florida island takes up arms against iguana invasion", AFP: Agence France-Presse, archived from the original on December 11, 2007
- ^ Gutman, A.J. (2005). "Getting Rid of the Gasparilla Island Ctenosaurs: the Lizards Don't Want to Leave". Iguana: Journal of the International Iguana Society. 12 (1): 58.
- ^ a b c Reynoso, Victor; Briseno, Laura; Olmos, Gerardo; Hernandez, Victor (2006). "The VIII National Meeting on Iguanas in Mexico, An Overview". Iguana: Journal of the International Iguana Society. 13 (2): 130–132.
Further reading
- Wiegmann AFA (1834). Herpetologia Mexicana, seu descriptio amphibiorum Novae Hispaniae, quae itineribus comitis de Sack, Ferdinandi Deppe et Chr. Guil. Schiede in Museum Zoologicum Berolinense pervenerunt. Pars prima, saurorum species amplectens. Adiecto systematis saurorum prodromo, additsque multis in hunc amphibiorum ordinem observationibus. Berlin: C.G. Luderitz. vi + 54 pp. + Plates I–X. (Cyclura pectinata, new species, p. 42 + Plate II). (in Latin).
External links
- Data related to Ctenosaura pectinata at Wikispecies
- Media related to Ctenosaura pectinata at Wikimedia Commons
- Herps of Texas: Ctenosaura pectinata
- West Coast Iguana Research