Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City
Cuauhtémoc | |
---|---|
Central Daylight Time) | |
Postal codes | 06000–06995 |
Area code | 55 |
Website | alcaldiacuauhtemoc.mx |
Cuauhtémoc (Spanish pronunciation: [kwawˈtemok] ⓘ), named after the former Aztec leader, is a borough (demarcación territorial) of Mexico City. It contains the oldest parts of the entity, extending over what was the entire urban core in the 1920s.
Cuauhtémoc is the historic and cultural center of the entity, although it is not the geographical center. While it ranks only sixth in population, it generates about a third of the entire entity's GDP, mostly through commerce and services. It is home to the
This area has had problems with urban decay, especially in the historic center. Efforts to revitalize the historic center and some other areas have been ongoing since the 1990s, by both government and private entities. Such efforts have resulted in better public parks, such as the Alameda Central, which was renovated; the modification of streets such as 16 de Septiembre and Madero that have become car-free for pedestrians (zona peatonal).
The borough
Cuauhtémoc is centered on the
The sports facilities include Deportivo Cuauhtémoc in
Because it is the oldest part of Mexico City, with buildings which are centuries old, deterioration is an ongoing concern. Currently, at least 789 inhabited buildings in twelve colonias have been listed as in danger of condemnation, due to structural damage caused by sinking into muddy soil of the former lakebed. These are mostly located in the historic center and the colonias immediately surrounding it. Some of these have been classified as having historic or artistic value by the
A large part of this borough is divided between commercial zones and historic and cultural sites. While the borough does not have the highest crime rate in the city, with 13.9% of all Mexico City crime committed here,[13][14] it is considered to be fairly dangerous because of its urbanization and the fact that most of the people found in the borough are there only to work or visit. In some older neighborhoods, people live and raise children along with street vending, squatting, and takeover of public spaces by drug addicts, drug dealers, and prostitutes. Seven of the borough's 34 colonias have been ranked in the Top 10 most lawless in the city by the Secretary of Public Safety of Mexico City,[13] with a few, such as Tepito, are infamous for being so.[15] Some of these run down areas are lower class colonias such as Colonia Guerrero and Colonia Morelos, but similar problems are also found upper middle class colonias such as the northern part of Colonia Roma.[13] The most common crimes are muggings with 1.47 reports per day, robbery of businesses with .78 reports per day, and car theft with .71 reports per day.[13]
Most of the 5 million who come into this borough each day are there to work, visit the area's markets, shops and cultural attractions or are tourists.[13] The borough is the most visited area of the city by tourists,[16] who mostly come to see the historic center and Zona Rosa.[13] People from other parts of the city come to visit the museums and large public markets such as La Lagunilla, Mixcalco, Hidalgo, Medellín and San Juan. The influx brings in 800,000 vehicles to circulate its streets each day, with traffic jams, especially in and near the historic center nearly a daily occurrence.[13]
Demographics
While it is the most important borough economically, bringing millions of people into its territory on any given day,[13] its population of 545,884 in 2020 ranks only sixth out of the city's 16 boroughs.[3] This population has been steadily decreasing even as the population of the rest of the city has remained static, although there was a slight increase in the last 10 years. A fairly large percentage of the population is either over 60 years of age and over half of the residents are either single or living with a partner. The borough contains only seven percent of all housing units in the city.
Those who do live here are mostly employed in services (57.5%) and commerce (23.4%).[14]
Government
The borough was first established on December 30, 1970, after the circumscription of Mexico City was split in 4 boroughs. Before the political reforms of 2016, it was governed by a borough chief (jefe delegacional)) and a cabinet consisting of a Secretaria Particular, Coordinacion de Asesores, Dirección Interinstitucional y de Fomento Economico, Subdirección Técnica, Subdirección de Comunicación Social and Subdirección de Unidades Habitacionales. After becoming an alcaldía, the head of government became a mayor.[17]
The seat of the borough government is located in Colonia Buenavista.
Colonias
These are the colonias and neighborhoods in Cuauhtémoc:
Colonia Centro • Colonia Doctores • Colonia Obrera • Tepito • Colonia Algarín • Colonia Ampliación Asturias • Colonia Asturias • Colonia Atlampa • Colonia Buenavista • Colonia Buenos Aires • Centro Urbano Benito Juárez • Colonia Condesa • Colonia Cuauhtémoc • Colonia Esperanza •
History
Tenochtitlan
The early history of the delegation coincides with the
Spanish rule
When the Spanish conquered Tenochtitlan in 1521, they destroyed most of the old Aztec public buildings but kept the basic layout of the city, which roughly extends over what is now known as the historic center or Colonia Centro. The Cathedral was built over a portion of the sacred precinct (teocalli) of the destroyed Templo Mayor, the National Palace was built over Moctezuma's New Palace and the Zocalo was built over what was an open space near the sacred temple space. Over the early colonial period, European-style construction would replace Aztec ones over the entire island city, with the most important public buildings concentrated on the blocks adjoining the Zocalo.
As the center of New Spain, the city held the greatest prestige, prompting those who had made their fortunes through conquest, mining, commerce and other means to have homes in the city, as close to the Zocalo as possible. The city soon became filled with mansions, large churches and monasteries and monumental public buildings which would eventually earn it the nickname of "City of Palaces."[4]
At the beginning of the 19th century, this city remained mostly within what is now called the historic center although various drainage projects had been enlarging the island. The city proper contained 397 streets and alleys, 12 bridges, 78 plazas, 14 parish churches, 41 monasteries, 10 colleges, 7 hospitals, a poorhouse, a cigar factory, 19 restaurants, 2 inns, 28 corrals for horses and 2 official neighborhoods.
Independence era
After Mexico gained its Independence in 1824, Mexico City was designated as the capital of the new country, and the city and its surrounding area (11.5 km2) were incorporated as a "Federal District," separate from the other states.[4] By the late, 19th century, the city began to break its traditional confines with the construction of new neighborhoods, called colonias, in the still drying lakebed. This was especially true in the areas west of the historic area, with the creation of "modern" colonias for the wealthy along the
20th century
In 1928, President
Since the 1950s, the city has received the highest number of migrants from other parts of Mexico. Most of these come from very rural areas of the country and a significant percentage speak an indigenous language with Spanish as a second language, or do not speak Spanish at all. As of 2005, seven percent of the borough's population is made up of these migrants. These migrants have put strains on services such as education.[24]
1985 Earthquake
The borough was the hardest hit by the
Between the flight of wealthier residents from the historic center and the colonias that immediately surround it and the damage from the 1985 earthquake, parts of the borough became deserted at night.
Contemporary events
Starting in the late 1990s, the city and federal governments, along with some private associations have worked to revitalize the borough, especially the historic center. Starting in the early 2000s, the government infused 500 million
However, this has not resolved all of the borough's problems. Many of the problems with urban decay (abandoned buildings, squatters, uncontrolled street vending, crime, etc.) continue.[37][38][39] The continued migration of people into the area from rural parts of Mexico has increased illiteracy rates, in addition to poorer areas where dropout rates are high.[24] The borough government has been accused of corruption by the Cámara de Comercio, Servicios y Turismo (Chamber of Commerce, Services and Tourism), especially in the issuance of business permits with exorbitant fee and fines. Most of the problem is with small torilla operations, paper stores and small grocery stores which operate completely at the discretion of borough agents.[40]
Economy
Cuauhtémoc alone accounts for 35.1% of Mexico City's entire GDP,[14] and by itself, has the seventh largest economy in Mexico.[13] Most of the borough's economy is based on commerce (52.2%), followed by services (39.4%).[14] The borough is home to a large number of federal and city government buildings, especially in the historic center, Colonia Tabacalera and Colonia Doctores.[41][42]
Paseo de la Reforma, especially the section which divides Colonia Juárez from Colonia Cuauhtémoc, is the most modern and constantly developing part of the borough. It is home to the Mexican Stock Exchange, the headquarters of HSBC in Mexico and Mexico City's tallest skyscrapers, Torre Reforma, Chapultepec Uno, Torre BBVA México and Torre Mayor.
Construction of office buildings and high rise apartments continue in the area, causing it to become a distinctive neighborhood of its own: the high-rises that face the avenue are very distinct from the older ones behind them, mostly used for more traditional housing and small businesses. One of the newest major projects in the mid-2000s was Reforma 222, two towers combining office space with residential units.[42][43][44]
In the rest of the borough, commerce is more traditional with numerous public markets, informal markets called
Tourism plays a major role in the borough's economy. It contains some of the best-known landmarks of Mexico City, so it has become the most visited area of the city by tourists. The most popular areas are the historic center, Alameda Central/Bellas Artes, Reforma, and Zona Rosa.[13][16] The borough also has the most developed hotel infrastructure, with 389 hotels out of the 6,464 in the city. About half of all four and five-star hotels are located here.[14]
Government is also one of the main employers: the National Government Palace, the Senate of the Republic and Mexico City administrative buildings are located in the borough.
Within Cuauhtémoc,
Transportation
Roads
The borough has 14 million meters of roadways with 314 main intersections. The vast majority of these are current and former residential streets, but there are also three expressways and various axis roads (ejes viales) for through traffic.[53]
The three main arteries are the Circuito Interior, Viaducto Miguel Alemán and San Antonio Abad, which were built for traffic passing through the center of the city. The Circuito Interior is a circular bypass and it is the second most important roadway in the city after the Anillo Periférico .[54]
The ejes viales are a series of north-south and west-east roads built by
Bicitaxis
The cycle rickshaw, known in Mexico as bicitaxi (from the English "bike taxi"), is a popular means of transport in the historic center.[55][56][57]
Public transportation
The borough has the largest number of Metro lines running through it.[13] These include Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 5, Line 8, Line 9 and Line B. There are also trolleybus lines running north-south and east-west, Lines 1 and 3 of the Metrobus as well as numerous bus routes.[58] Another important public transportation service is the Tren Suburbano commuter railway, which has its southern terminal in Colonia Buenavista with service north as far as Cuautitlán in the State of Mexico.[59]
- Metro stations
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- Tren Suburbano stations
- Metrobús stations
Education
In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 22,651 K-12 students, about 6.36% of Mexico City's total. 70.64% attend public schools and 29.14% attend private schools.[24] There are 264 public and private preschools, 116 middle schools, 102 technical and regular high schools, and 13 teachers’ colleges.[10] The borough has the lowest level of illiteracy and the highest percentage of students who have finished primary and middle schools, in part because there is a higher than average percentage of private schools, which tend to have better results. The dropout rate, at 7.54%, is better than average.[24]
In 2009, there were 1,737 students receiving special education full or part-time accounting for 4.66% of all special education students in Mexico City. Over 97% of these students get their services from public institutions. However, the borough has limited facilities for adult education, especially for those who do not speak Spanish as their first language or are undereducated. This is problematic due to the influx of indigenous people from rural parts of Mexico.[24]
Private schools:
- Plantel Azahares of the Sistema Educativo Justo Sierra[60]
- Colegio Amado Nervo in Colonia Roma Sur[61]
- Colegio Liceo Mexicano, a private elementary school (Colonia Roma)[62]
Climate
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record high °C (°F) | 30.5 (86.9) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.5 (94.1) |
35.5 (95.9) |
33.5 (92.3) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.5 (85.1) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.5 (86.9) |
35.5 (95.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 23.1 (73.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
27.7 (81.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.3 (75.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.2 (64.8) |
19.6 (67.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.6 (63.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
12.5 (54.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
12.7 (54.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
7.9 (46.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
10.1 (50.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −4.5 (23.9) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
3.5 (38.3) |
6.5 (43.7) |
7.5 (45.5) |
7.5 (45.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.9 (0.31) |
3.7 (0.15) |
8.1 (0.32) |
28.0 (1.10) |
58.7 (2.31) |
118.0 (4.65) |
127.1 (5.00) |
110.9 (4.37) |
105.1 (4.14) |
48.2 (1.90) |
8.2 (0.32) |
4.5 (0.18) |
628.4 (24.74) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 7.3 | 11.5 | 16.3 | 20.1 | 18.5 | 15.4 | 8.0 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 107.8 |
Source: Servicio Meteorológico National[64] |
International relations
Foreign government operations
The U.S. Embassy, the British Embassy and Japan Embassy is in
Sister boroughs
- Seocho (2020)[66]
References
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- ^ a b "Servicios Educativos" [Educational Servicios] (in Spanish). Mexico City: Borough of Cuauhtémoc. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2010.
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- ^ Haber, Paul Lawrence (1995). "Earthquake of 1985". Concise Encyclopedia of Mexico. Taylor & Frances Ltd. pp. 179–184.
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- ^ "Contacto Archived 6 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine." Colegio Liceo Mexicano. Retrieved June 18, 2014. CÓRDOBA No. 167, COLONIA ROMA, MÉXICO, D.F. CUAUHTÉMOC. CP: 06700, ENTRE ZACATECAS Y QUERÉTARO"
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External links
- Alcaldía de Cuauhtémoc website (in Spanish)