Cudgel War
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Cudgel War | |||||||
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Part of the War against Sigismund | |||||||
Burned Village (1879) by Albert Edelfelt | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Peasants and army | Nobility and army | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Jaakko Ilkka Pentti Pouttu (POW) Hannu Krankka Yrjö Kontsas Israel Larsson Support: Enemies of Fleming among the nobility Duke Charles |
Clas Fleming Gödik Fincke Ivar Tavast Abraham Melkiorsson Axel Kurck | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
1,000–4,000+ | 1,500–3,300+ | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
>2,550 dead >500 P.O.W. | Unknown but significant | ||||||
The strength varied in different engagements and some figures are approximations. |
The Cudgel War (also Club War, Finnish: Nuijasota, Swedish: Klubbekriget) was a 1596–1597
Modern Finnish historiography sees the uprising in the context of the conflict between Duke Charles and Sigismund, King of Sweden and Poland (War against Sigismund). Charles agitated the peasants to revolt against the nobility of Finland, which supported Sigismund during the conflict.
Background
The
War
An uprising began on Christmas Eve 1595 and was initially successful, but shortly thereafter was crushed by cavalry.[4] Officially, the Cudgel War began in Ostrobothnia with an attack by peasants on Isokyrö's church on November 25, 1596.[1][5] The peasants won a number of encounters with infantry.[5] Klaus Fleming began negotiating a truce that required the surrender of peasant leader Jaakko Ilkka. Ilkka fled to avoid being handed over and the peasant army scattered, pursued by the soldiers. At least 1500 were killed within the next two months.[5] Along with Ilkka, five other rebellion leaders were executed on January 27, 1597.[6]
Israel Larsson was named as the new governor of central and northern Ostrobothnia, and planned to support the rebellion until he fled, rather than face Fleming. Leaderless, the peasants attacked on February 24, 1597, and fought their last battle on the
The insurgents were mostly Finnish peasants from Ostrobothnia, Northern Tavastia, and Savo. The events can also be seen as a part of a larger power struggle between King Sigismund and Duke Charles.[2][7]
Legacy
In his work Nuijasota, sen syyt ja tapaukset (1857–1859) (English: Cudgel War, its reasons and causes), historian and
See also
- War against Sigismund
- Åbo bloodbath
References
Notes
- ^ a b c Nuijasota – Ilmajoki (in Finnish)
- ^ a b "Finnish peasant history". Retrieved 13 July 2014.
- ^ Kimmo Katajala: Miksi nuijasota syttyi Pohjanmaalla?, Tieteessä Tapahtuu 3/2003, p. 12–17. (in Finnish)
- ^ "Jaakko Ilkka's Descendants". Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Jaakko Ilkka's biography". Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
- ^ "Battle Map (Finnish)". Archived from the original on 12 August 2009. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
- ^ "Charles (Finnish)". 12 July 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
- ^ "Painting". Archived from the original on 13 December 2006. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
- ^ "Cudgel War Reenactment". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ "Coin". Retrieved 12 July 2014.
External links
Bibliography
- Nuijasota by ISBN 951-1-14253-4
- Krohn, J. Kertomuksia Suomen Historiasta, Kansallisseura, Helsinki 1914
- Jaakko Ilkan Suku ry Sukusanomat, 2004
- Yli-Hakola, Aila, Ilkka, Jaakko Pentinpoika, Henkilöteksti, 2011