Cultural history of the buttocks
Cultural history of the buttocks has included various art forms as well as a sexualization of the buttocks which has occurred throughout history.[1]
Evolutionary significance
Sexologist
In humans, females generally have more round and voluptuous buttocks, caused by
Biological anthropologist
History
The female buttocks have been a symbol of fertility and beauty since early human history. Statues created as early as 24,000 BC, such as the Venus of Willendorf, have exaggerated buttocks, hips, and thighs.[1]
The erotic beauty of the female buttocks was important to the
The buttocks have been considered an erogenous zone in Western thought for centuries; the eroticization of the female buttocks was due to their association and closeness to the female reproductive organs. The buttocks are often taboo due to their proximity to the anus and association with the excretory system. The psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud theorized that psychosexual development occurred in three stages – oral, anal, and genital – and that fixation in the anal stage caused anal retentiveness and a lasting focus on eroticization of the anus.[1]
Spanking was prominent in pornography in Victorian Britain with erotica such as Lady Bumtickler's Revels by John Camden Hotten and Exhibition of Female Flagellants by George Cannon being consumed.
In Studies in the Psychology of Sex, published in 1927 and written by British physician and sexual psychologist Havelock Ellis, he describes cultural sexual characteristics of the buttocks.[1] He says:
Thus we find, among most of the peoples of Europe, Asia, and Africa, the chief continents of the world, that the large hips and buttocks of women are commonly regarded as an important feature of beauty. This secondary sexual character represents the most decided structural deviation of the feminine type from the masculine, a deviation demanded by the reproductive function of women, and in the admiration it arouses sexual selection is thus working in a line with natural selection.
He adds that
The European artist frequently seeks to attenuate rather than accentuate the protuberant lines of the feminine hips, and it is noteworthy that the Japanese also regard small hips as beautiful. Nearly everywhere else large hips and buttocks are regarded as a mark of beauty, and the average man is of this opinion even in the most æsthetic countries.
Ellis also claims that corsets and bustles are meant to emphasize the buttocks.[9]
Emphasis on the female buttocks as a sexual characteristic has increased in recent times according to Ray B. Browne, who attributes the change to the popularization of denim jeans:
[E]mphasis on the upper female torso has recently given way to the lower area of the body, specifically the buttocks. Such a change happened quite recently when denim jeans became fashionable. In order to emphasize fit, jeans manufacturers accentuated hips. And after brand name jeans became so popular with the designer's name on the hip pocket, even more accentuation was given to the posterior. The more jeans sales increased, the more ads were used which emphasized the derriere, to such an extent, in fact, that this particular area may eventually surpass breasts as the number one sexual image of the female body.[10]
Males
While female buttocks are often eroticized in heterosexual erotica, men's buttocks are considered erogenous by many women, and are also eroticized in
Historically, they are also portrayed in sculpture and other image art with a frequency equalling that of the females.Fetishism
A buttock
See also
- Anal eroticism
- Anal sex
- Awoulaba
- Body worship
- Dimples of Venus
- History of erotic depictions
- History of human sexuality
- Miss Bumbum § Cultural context
- Partialism
- Steatopygia
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0313341458.
- ISBN 978-0313315206.
- ISBN 978-0688006402.
- ^ Hawkins, Elizabeth (Oct 25, 2017). "Why arched backs are attractive". Springer. Archived from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved April 16, 2018.
- S2CID 149046079.
- hdl:2027.42/28785. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2022-06-08. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
- ^ ISBN 978-0517558140.
- ISBN 9004136649. Archivedfrom the original on 2023-01-23. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
- ^ Ellis, Havelock (1927). – via Wikisource.
- ISBN 978-0879721916.
- ISBN 978-0313341458. Archivedfrom the original on 2023-01-23. Retrieved 2022-02-14.
- ^ Anal Pleasure & Health: A Guide for Men, Women and Couples Archived 2023-01-23 at the Wayback Machine, Jack Morin, Jack Morin, Down There Press, 2010.
- ISBN 978-0879721916. Archivedfrom the original on 2023-01-23. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
- ^ Steele, Valerie (1997). Fetish: Fashion, Sex and Power. Oxford University Press. p. 124.
- ISBN 978-0131703506. Archivedfrom the original on 2023-01-23. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
External links
- Media related to Human buttocks in art at Wikimedia Commons