Culture in post-communist Poland
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With the
Historical background
The events that shaped Polish culture at the onset of the post-communist period began in 1976. The suppressed demonstrations of 1976 gave rise to underground publishing on an unprecedented scale. It was the true beginning of a new literary knowledge in Poland.[1] Between 1976 and 1989, the so-called Drugi obieg (the Second circulation, term commonly applied to Poland's illegal press during the military Coup d'état), published the staggering 5,000 regular newsletters and full-size periodicals including some 7,000 books.[4]
The 1978 papal election of
The period 1976–89 provided the necessary intellectual and aesthetic base on which the
Popular media
World-renowned
The
There is no strict division in Poland between theatre and film actors, therefore many stage artists are known to viewers the world over, for instance from the films of Andrzej Wajda (e.g., Wojciech Pszoniak, Daniel Olbrychski, Krystyna Janda, Jerzy Radziwiłowicz) or Krzysztof Kieślowski (Jerzy Stuhr, Janusz Gajos).
Music
The traditional Polish music composers include world-renowned pianist
Between the wars, a group of composers formed the Association of Young Polish Musicians which included Grażyna Bacewicz, Zygmunt Mycielski, and Tadeusz Szeligowski.
Following World War II, some composers, such as
Modern-day composers include Krzysztof Meyer, Paweł Szymański, Krzesimir Dębski, Hanna Kulenty, Eugeniusz Knapik and Paweł Mykietyn.
Poland has always been a very open country to new music genres and even before the fall of the communism, music styles like rock, metal, jazz, electronic, polka and new wave were well-known. Since 1989, the Polish scene has exploded with new talents and a more diverse style. Contrary to most European countries, pop music is not dominant in Poland.
Every year, a huge gathering of young Poles meet to celebrate the rock and alternative music in Jarocin or Żary. These events often attract more than 250,000 people and are comparable to the gatherings in Woodstock and Roskilde.
In jazz music, Polish musicians created a specific style, which was most famous in 60s and 70s. Most famous Polish jazz artists are:
Museums and festivals
Poland offers a wide spectrum of cultural experience. Those interested in high culture will enjoy the renowned music festivals like
Cuisine
With the end of pro-Soviet totalitarianism in Poland, new restaurants opened and the basic foodstuffs were once again easily obtainable. This led to a gradual return of rich traditional Polish cuisine, both in home cooking and in restaurants. At the same time, restaurants and supermarkets promoted the use of ingredients typical of other cuisines of the world.
Sports
Many
See also
- Society of Poland
Notes and references
- ^ )
- ^ Prof. Justyna Beinek. "Post-Communist Polish Culture (1989-Present)" (PDF). Topics in Polish Literature and Culture (Slav-P365/565). Indiana University. Archived from the original (PDF file, direct download 66 KB) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2008–2011). "Visual Arts". Experience Poland » Culture » Visual Arts (in Polish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved March 16, 2013.
- ^ KARTA, Warsaw. Archived from the original(DOC direct download) on August 7, 2013. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
- )
- ^ "Powstanie KOR-u (Foundation of the Workers Defence Committee)". Open letter by Jerzy Andrzejewski (in Polish). Narodowe Centrum Kultury: Official webpage of the Komitet Obrony Robotników. 2013. pp. see: Timeline, and Documents 1976–81. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
- ^ J.A.A. Purves (May 22, 2012). "The Decalogue by Krzysztof Kieślowski (1989) - film review". Redemptio Sehnsucht. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
There is a ... deeper meaning to be found in our human lives... Attempting to place that meaning where it cannot be found will only lead to utter despair. This is why Kieślowski's The Decalogue is so special.
- ^ Sejm of the Republic of Poland (December 1989). "On amendments to the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland". The December Novelization (in Polish). Warsaw: Sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
- ^ Eugeniusz Górski (Feb 13, 2009). "From 'Socialist' to Postmodern Pluralism in Poland". Civil Society, Pluralism, and Universalism. Archived from the original on April 13, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2013 – via The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy (RVP).
- )
- ^ Beata Zatorska and Simon Target, Recipes and Stories from a Summer in Poland, published by Tabula Books, 2011.
- ^ Rzeczpospolita (2 April 2011), Book review: Dżem z płatków róży, Internet Archive.