Culture of Bengal
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
The culture of Bengal defines the cultural heritage of the Bengali people native to eastern regions of the Indian subcontinent, mainly what is today Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura, where they form the dominant ethnolinguistic group and the Bengali language is the official and primary language. Bengal has a recorded history of 1,400 years.[1]
The
Fine arts
Performing arts
Music
Bengal has produced leading figures of
-
The mystic Baul song
-
Nazrul Sangeet
-
A Bangladeshi rock band
Theatre
Bengali theater traces its roots to Sanskrit drama under the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE. It includes narrative forms, song and dance forms, supra-personae forms, performance with scroll paintings, puppet theatre and the processional forms like the Jatra.
Dance
Bengal has an extremely rich heritage of dancing dating back to antiquity. It includes classical, folk and martial dance traditions.[2][3] Dances in Bengal includes-
- Folk dance (Lokonitrya)
- Baul dance
- Chhokra dance
- Fakir dance
- Gambhira dance
- Jaridance
- Lathidance
- Puppet dance (Putul naach) [4]
Visual arts
Painting
Modern painting emerged in Calcutta with the
Architecture
The earliest fortified cities in the region include
Bengali village housing is noted as the origin of the bungalow.
Sculpture
Ancient Bengal was home to the Pala-Sena school of Sculptural Art.[6] Ivory sculptural art flourished across the region under the Nawabs of Bengal. Notable modernist sculptors include Novera Ahmed and Nitun Kundu.
Lifestyle
Textiles
Muslin production in Bengal dates back to the 4th century BCE. The region exported the fabric to Ancient Greece and Rome.[6]
Bengali
After the reopening of European trade with medieval India, Mughal Bengal became the world's foremost muslin exporter in the 17th century. Mughal-era Dhaka was a center of the worldwide muslin trade.
Modern Bangladesh is one of the world's
Clothing
In rural areas, older women wear the
Jama is the long, loose fitting, stitched garment of
At Jorashanko (
Bengal has produced several of South Asia's leading fashion designers, including Sabyasachi Mukherjee, Bibi Russell, Rukhsana Esrar Runi and Rina Latif.
Cuisine
Rice is the staple food of Bengal. Bhortas (lit-"mashed") are a really common type of food used as an additive too rice. there are several types of Bhortas such as Ilish bhorta shutki bhorta, begoon bhorta and more. Fish and other seafood are also important because Bengal is a reverrine region.
Some fishes like puti (Puntius species) are fermented. Fish curry is prepared with fish alone or in combination with vegetables.Shutki maach is made using the age-old method of preservation where the food item is dried in the sun and air, thus removing the water content. This allows for preservation that can make the fish last for months, even years in Bangladesh.[13]
Side Dishes or (Torkari) are commonly eaten with meals in Bengal which are cooked with special
Shutki maach is made using the age-old method of preservation where the food item is dried in the sun and air, thus removing the water content. This allows for preservation that can make the fish last for months, even years in Bangladesh.[14]
Transport
Kolkata is the only city in India to have a tram network. The trams are claimed to slow down other traffic, leading to groups who currently voice abolishing the trams, though the environment-friendliness and the old charm of the trams attract many people.
Kolkata was also the first city in South Asia to have an
Bangladesh has the world's largest number of
There are 150 different types of
Weddings
Bengali weddings includes many rituals and ceremonies that can span several days. Although
Cultural institutions, organisations and events
Major organisations responsible for funding and promoting Bengali culture are:
- National Art Gallery (Bangladesh)
- Shilpakala Academy
- Bangladesh Folk Arts and Crafts Foundation
- Ministry of Cultural Affairs (Republic of Bangladesh)
- Ministry of Information & Cultural Affairs (West Bengal)
- List of institutions and organisations
- Chhayanaut
- Bulbul Lalitakala Academy
- Nazrul Institute
- Samdani Art Foundation
- Bangladesh Shishu Academy
- Bangladesh Short Film Forum
- Bishwo Shahitto Kendro
- Bangladeshi Photographers
- Bangladesh National Philatelic Association
- Bangla Academy
- Moviyana Film Society
- Theatre Institute Chattagram
- Bangladesh Film Development Corporation
- Bangladesh Film Archive
- Biswa Bangla
- Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi
- Paschim Banga Natya Akademi
- Bangiya Sahitya Parishad
- Festivals
Both Bangladesh and West Bengal have many festivals and fairs throughout the year.
Muslim | Hindu | Buddhist | Christian | Secular |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eid al-Fitr | Durga Puja | Buddha Purnima |
Christmas | Nababarsha (New Year/ Summer); Wearing colour:
|
Eid al-Adha | Kali Puja | Madhu Purnima | Easter | Basanta Utsab (Spring Festival); Wearing colour:
|
Muharram | Saraswati and Lakshmi Puja | Kathin Chibardan |
Barsha Mangal (Monsoon salutation); Wearing colour: | |
Milad un Nabi |
Dolyatra (Holi ) |
Nabanna (Harvest Festival); Wearing colour: | ||
Shab-e-Barat | Janmashtami |
Poush Sangkranti (Winter Festival)
| ||
Laylat al-Qadr |
Jagaddhatri Puja |
- Events
- Ekushey Book Fair
- Bishwa Ijtema
- Ganga Sagar Mela
- Rath Yatra
- Ramadan
- International Mother Language Day
- Kolkata Film Festival
- Dhaka Art Summit
- Kolkata Book Fair
-
Congregation ofEid in Comilla
-
Shindur khela in Durga Puja at Kolkata
-
Celebration of Pohela Boishakh in Dhaka
-
Bashanto Utsav festival
Pastimes
Cinema
Kolkata and Dhaka are the centers of
Sports
Traditional Bengali sports consisted of various martial arts and various racing sports, though the British-introduced sports of cricket and football are now most popular amongst Bengalis.
The Nouka Baich is a Bengali boat racing competition which takes place during and after the rainy season when much of the land goes under water. The long canoes were referred to as khel nao (meaning playing boats) and the use of cymbals to accompany the singing was common. Different types of boats are used in different parts of Bengal.[23] Horse racing was patronised most notably by the Dighapatia Rajas in Natore, and their Chalanbeel Horse Races have continued to take place annually for centuries.
The oldest native football clubs of Bengal was
Bengalis are very competitive when it comes to board and home games such as
Media
Bangladesh's
Literature
Bengal has one of the most developed literary traditions in Asia. A descent of ancient
-
Kazi Nazrul Islam (Bidrohi Kabi; 'the rebel poet')
-
Rabindranath Tagore (Biswa Kabi; 'the poet of world')
-
Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar(Father of modern Bengali alphabets and modern Bengali Prose)
-
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay(Sahityo Samrat; 'the emperor of literature')
-
Jasimuddin (Polli Kabi; 'the rural poet')
Philosophy
The works of ancient philosophers from Bengal have been preserved at libraries in
.See also
Notes
- ^ ISBN 9781598846607.
- ^ Hasan, Sheikh Mehedi (2012). "Dance". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ Ahmed, Wakil (2012). "Folk Dances". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016.
- ^ "Folk Dances - Banglapedia". Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Bengal_Art
- ^ ISBN 9781317451679.
- ^ Van Schendel, Willem (2012). "Silk". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ^ Khandker, Hissam (31 July 2015). "Which India is claiming to have been colonised?". The Daily Star (Op-ed). Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
- ^ "In Search of Bangladeshi Islamic Art". The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
- ^ "The panjabi story". 14 June 2016. Archived from the original on 30 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
- ^ "Have you heard of Rabindra Vastra? | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". dna. 13 May 2018. Archived from the original on 19 May 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
- OCLC 225391789.
- ^ Food Product - Banglapedia https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Food_Product Archived 2 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The shutki trade in Bangladesh". 15 February 2023. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
- about.com. Archived from the originalon 26 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
- ^ "Weddings In India – Wedding in Exotic Indian Locations". www.weddingsinindia.com. Archived from the original on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2008.
- ^ ঈদ উৎসবের নানা রং Archived 3 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine,সাইমন জাকারিয়া, দৈনিক প্রথম আলো। ঢাকা থেকে প্রকাশের তারিখ: আগস্ট ০২, ২০১৩
- ^ "Lathi Khela to celebrate Tangail Free Day". dhakamirror.com. 13 December 2011. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- ^ Zaman, Jaki (10 May 2013). "Jabbarer Boli Khela: Better Than WWE". The Independent. Dhaka. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ^ "Jabbarer Boli Khela tomorrow". The Daily Star. 24 April 2013. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- OL 30677644M. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ "Seminar on Butthan Combat Sports & Co-competition system held". United News of Bangladesh. 13 October 2019. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
- OL 30677644M. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ "Bangladeshi Player Shakib Al Hasan named best all-rounder in all formats by ICC: Some interesting facts about the cricketer". India Today. New Delhi, India. 27 June 2015.
- ^ "Why Shakib Al Hasan is one of cricket's greatest allrounders". ESPNcricinfo. 23 March 2020. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Where does Shakib rank among the greatest all-rounders?". The Business Standard. 15 July 2020. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ Cricfrenzy.com, Z. Ahmed (1 August 2020). ""I don't play to be the best all-rounder of all time": Shakib Al Hasan". cricfrenzy.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Why Shakib Al Hasan is one of cricket's greatest allrounders". ESPN. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ Parida, Bastab K. (5 July 2019). "Greatest all-rounder of 21st century debate – where does Shakib Al Hasan stand?". SportsCafe.in. Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Best All-Rounders in Cricket History". TheTopTens. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Is Shakib Al Hasan a greater allrounder than Garry Sobers?". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ^ Breck, A. Alan Breck's Book of Scottish Football. Scottish Daily Express, 1937, cited in "Salim, Mohammed". All time A to Z of Celtic players. thecelticwiki.org. 29 May 2006. Archived from the original on 29 May 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013. See also, "Barefooted Indian who left Calcutta to join Celtic". The Scotsman. 12 December 2008. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
- ^ Scottish Daily Express, 29 August 1936, cited in Majumdar, B. and Bandyopadhyay, K. A Social History Of Indian Football: Striving To Score Archived 18 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Routledge, 2006, p. 68.
- ^ Trehan, Dev (2 September 2019). "Hamza Choudhury can be first British South Asian to play for England, says Michael Chopra". Sky Sports. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
- ^ Prabhakaran, Shaji (18 January 2003). "Football in India – A Fact File". LongLiveSoccer.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
- ^ Islam, Aminul (2012). "Philosophy". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.