Culture of Pakistan

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Truck art
is a distinctive feature of Pakistani culture.

The culture of Pakistan (

ethnic groups
in matters such as dress, food, and religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices.

The existence of Pakistan as an Islamic state since 1956 has led to the large-scale injection of Islam into most aspects of Pakistani culture and everyday life, which has accordingly affected the historical values and traditions of the Muslim-majority population. Marriages and other major events are significantly affected by regional differences in culture, but generally follow Islamic jurisprudence where required.[citation needed]

Globalization Index.[8]

Literature

idea
of Pakistan

Pakistan has literature in

religious poetry and mystical and folkloric works. During the colonial period, native literary figures were influenced by western literary realism and took up increasingly varied topics and narrative forms. Prose fiction is now very popular.[11][12]

The

national poet of Pakistan, Muhammad Iqbal, wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian. He was a strong proponent of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilisation and encouraged Muslims all over the world to bring about a successful revolution(regarding to the freedom from Hindus).[13] Well-known figures in contemporary Pakistani Urdu literature include Josh Malihabadi Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Saadat Hasan Manto. Sadequain and Gulgee are known for their calligraphy and paintings.[12] The Sufi poets Shah Abdul Latif, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Bakhsh, and Khawaja Farid enjoy considerable popularity in Pakistan.[14] Mirza Kalich Beg has been termed the father of modern Sindhi prose.[15] Historically, philosophical development in the country was dominated by Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Asad, Maududi, and Mohammad Ali Johar.[16]

Ideas from

analytical philosophy to the fore in academia.[18] Works by Noam Chomsky have influenced philosophical ideas in various fields of social and political philosophy.[19]

Performing arts

Music

A sitar workshop in Islamabad, Pakistan.

Pakistani music ranges from diverse forms of provincial folk music and traditional styles such as Qawwali and Ghazal Gayaki to modern musical forms that fuse traditional and western music.[20] Pakistan has many famous folk singers. The arrival of Afghan refugees in the western provinces has stimulated interest in Pashto music, although there has been intolerance of it in some places.[21]

Dances

Pakistan has various regional dances including:

Punjabi

  • Luddi - Pothohari folk dance, mostly performed on weddings
  • Dahamal – Punjabi folk dance (The dance is rooted in Sufi trance dances on trance drum beats)
  • BhangraPunjabi folk dance
  • JhumarSaraiki folk dance

Balochi

Pashtun

Sindhi

Artistic depiction of Sindhi soldiers during medieval times
  • JamaloSindhi dance.
  • Jhumir: wedding dance.
  • Dhamal: performed by Sindhi Sufi devotees on Sufi shrines. The main performance is done by Sufi dervishes who wear long Jamas, special rings, necklaces and Sindhi faqeeri topi or turban.

Drama and theatre

These are very similar to stage plays in theatres. They are performed by well-known actors and actresses in the Lollywood industry. The dramas and plays often deal with themes from everyday life, often with a humorous touch.

Architecture

UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam is part of Pakistan's Sufi heritage.[22]

Four periods are recognised in Pakistani architecture:

Takht-i-Bahi in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.[26]

The arrival of Islam in what is today Pakistan meant the sudden end of Buddhist architecture in the area and a smooth transition to the predominantly pictureless

.

In the British colonial period, predominantly functional buildings of the Indo-European representative style developed from a mixture of European and Indian-Islamic components. Post-colonial national identity is expressed in modern structures such as the Faisal Mosque, the Minar-e-Pakistan, and the Mazar-e-Quaid. Several examples of architectural infrastructure demonstrating the influence of British design can be found in Lahore, Peshawar, and Karachi.[28]

Recreation and sports

Most sports played in Pakistan originated and were substantially developed by athletes and sports fans from the United Kingdom who introduced them during the

Hockey World Cup a record four times, held in 1971, 1978, 1982, and 1994.[30]

Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore is the third-largest cricket stadium in Pakistan with a seating capacity of 27,000 spectators.

final
.

Pakistan Super League is one of the largest cricket leagues of the world with a brand value of about Rs. 32.26 billion (US$110 million).[34]

.

Pakistan has hosted or co-hosted several international sporting events: the 1989 and 2004 South Asian Games; the 1984, 1993, 1996 and 2003 World Squash Championships; the 1987 and 1996 Cricket World Cup; and the 1990 Hockey World Cup. Pakistan is set to host the 2024 South Asian Games.[39]

There are also some traditional games of Pakistan, such as kabaddi, which are popular.[40]

Cuisine

Located on the bank of Arabian Sea in Karachi, Port Grand is one of the largest food streets of Asia.[41]

Pakistani cuisine is similar to that of other regions of South Asia, with some of it being originated from the royal kitchens of 16th-century Mughal emperors.

roti, a thin flatbread made from wheat, is a staple food, usually served with curry, meat, vegetables, and lentils. Rice is also common; it is served plain, fried with spices, and in sweet dishes.[44][45]

Punjab region. Sohan halwa is a popular sweet from the southern Punjab province and is enjoyed all over Pakistan.[46]

Pakistani tea culture

Black tea with milk and sugar is popular throughout Pakistan and is consumed daily by most of the population.[6][47] The consumption of tea in Pakistan, called chai (چائے), in Urdu, is of central significance to Pakistani culture. It is one of the most consumed beverages in Pakistani cuisine. Pakistan produces its own limited tea in Shinkiari farms; however, it ranks as the third largest importer of tea in the world.[48] In 2003, as much as 109,000 tonnes of tea were consumed in Pakistan, ranking it at seven on the list of tea-consuming countries in the world.[48]

A traditional cup of black tea
  • Pakistani tea was praised by
    Operation Swift Retort. In a video released by ISPR, Wing Commander Abhinandan is seen conversing with Pakistan military officials in a congenial environment and acknowledging that he has been treated well while enjoying Pakistani Tea. Upon being asked about the tea, Abhinandan replied "The tea is fantastic".[49] This became a catchphrase
    in Pakistan as customers began using it to order tea.
  • The name for Three Cups of Tea, a bestselling book by American mountaineer and educator Greg Mortenson, is taken from the Balti proverb in northern Pakistan: "The first time you share tea with a Balti, you are a stranger. The second time you take tea, you are an honored guest. The third time you share a cup of tea, you become family..."[50]
  • The British documentary film Tracing Tea briefly covers tea culture in Pakistan.
  • Pak Tea House – a tea cafe in Lahore famously known for being visited by prominent academic intellectuals and literary personalities from all walks of life.[51]

Popular media

The private

Press Freedom Index, while at the same time terming the Pakistani media "among the freest in Asia when it comes to covering the squabbling among politicians."[53] The BBC terms the Pakistani media "among the most outspoken in South Asia".[54] Pakistani media has also played a vital role in exposing corruption.[55]

The

pop music and disco (1970s) dominated the country's music industry. In the 1980s–1990s, British influenced rock music appeared and jolted the country's entertainment industry.[59] In the 2000s, heavy metal music gained popular and critical acclaim.[60]

National dress

Schoolgirls in Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in shalwars with cuffed hems, and kameez with western-style collars.

The national dress of Pakistan is the Persian origin

suits and neckties are often worn by men, and are customary in offices, schools, and social gatherings.[65]

The

fashion industry has flourished in the changing environment of the fashion world. Since Pakistan came into being, its fashion has evolved in different phases and developed a unique identity. Today, Pakistani fashion is a combination of traditional and modern dress and has become a mark of Pakistani culture. Despite modern trends, regional and traditional forms of dress have developed their own significance as a symbol of native tradition. This regional fashion continues to evolve into both more modern and purer forms. The Pakistan Fashion Design Council based in Lahore organizes PFDC Fashion Week and the Fashion Pakistan Council based in Karachi organizes Fashion Pakistan Week. Pakistan's first fashion week was held in November 2009.[66]

See also

References

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  2. Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) may have functioned as a 'filter' for the introduction of Indo-Iranian languages
    to the northwesternfs Indian subcontinent, although routes and chronologies remain hypothetical. (page 55)"
  3. Baramula to Mansehra and so down the Haripur
    valley. These three trade-routes, which carried the bulk of the traffic passing by land between India and Central and Western Asia, played an all-important part in the history of Taxila. (page 1)"
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  12. ^ a b Imtiaz, Huma (26 September 2010). "Granta: The global reach of Pakistani literature". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  13. ^ Annemarie Schimmel (15 December 2004). "Iqbal, Muhammad". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 1 January 2012.- Shafique, Nadeem. "Global Apprecaition of Allama Iqbal" (PDF). Journal of Research, Faculty of Languages and Islamic Studies. Bahauddin Zakariya University. pp. 47–49. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2012. - Iqbal Academy (26 May 2006). "Allama Iqbal – Biography" (PHP). Retrieved 7 January 2011.
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  18. .
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  20. ^ Amit Baruah; R. Padmanabhan (6 September 1997). "The stilled voice". Frontline. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
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  41. ^ "Port Grand – 2021 Tours & Tickets | All You Need to Know Before You Go (with Photos) – Karachi, Pakistan". Tripadvisor.
  42. . Pakistani food is similar to that of northern India, with a splash of Middle Eastern influence derived from other Muslim cultures over the centuries.
  43. . Pakistani cuisine—a fusion of Central Asian, Middle Eastern, Persian, and Indian traditions—is known for being spicy and for its aromatic and flavorful richness.
  44. .
  45. .
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  47. .
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  61. . The village's men and boys largely dress in sombre colours in the loose trousers and long shirt (shalwar kameez) worn across Pakistan. Older men often wear woollen Chitrali caps (pakol), waistcoats and long coats (chugha), made by Chitrali tailors (darzi) who skills are renowned across Pakistan.
  62. , the shalwar kameez happens to be worn by just about everyone in Pakistan, including in all of Gilgit-Baltistan.
  63. . What is common in all the cases is the wearing of shalwar, kameez, and dupatta, the national dress of Pakistan.
  64. .
  65. .
  66. Washington Post
    . Retrieved 20 April 2013.

External links