Culture of Tehran
The culture of Tehran concerns the arts, music, museums, festivals, many
There are several artistic, historic and scientific
There are also numerous websites, news agencies and international media in Tehran.
Architecture
The oldest surviving architectural monuments of Tehran are from the
Tehran only had a small population until the late 18th century, but began to take a more considerable role in Iranian society after it was chosen as the capital city. Despite the regular occurrence of earthquakes during the Qajar period and after, some historic buildings have remained from that era.[3]
Tehran is Iran's primate city, and is considered to have the most modernized infrastructure in the country. However, the gentrification of old neighborhoods and the demolition of buildings of cultural significance has caused concerns.[4]
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A view of the building of the City Theater of Tehran
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Police House,
the National Garden
Previously a low-rise city due to seismic activity in the region, modern high rise developments in Tehran have been built in recent decades in order to service its growing population. There have been no major quakes in Tehran since 1830.[5]
Tehran's International Tower is the tallest residential building in Iran. It is a 54-story building located in the northern district of Yusef Abad.
The
Theater
Under the reign of the
Before the 1979 Revolution, the Iranian national stage had become the most famous performing scene for known international artists and troupes in the Middle East,
The City Theater of Tehran, one of Iran's biggest theater complexes which contains several performance halls, was opened in 1972. It was built at the initiative and presidency of empress Farah Pahlavi, and was designed by architect Ali Sardar Afkhami, constructed within five years.
The annual events of Fajr Theater Festival and Tehran Puppet Theater Festival take place in Tehran.
Cinema
The first movie theater of Tehran was established by Mirza Sahhafbashi in 1904.[10] Until the early 1930s, there were 15 theaters in Tehran Province and 11 in other provinces.[11]
In present-day Tehran, most of the movie theaters are located downtown. The complexes of Kourosh Cinema, Mellat Gallery and Cineplex, Azadi Cinema, and Cinema Farhang are among the most popular cinema complexes in Tehran.
Several film festivals are held in Tehran, including Fajr Film Festival, Children and Youth Film Festival, House of Cinema Festival, Mobile Film and Photo Festival, Nahal Festival, Roshd Film Festival, Tehran Animation Festival, Tehran Short Film Festival, and Urban Film Festival.
Music
Tehran is also one of the most important cities in Asia for the recorded music industry. Tehran is home to two professional orchestras, including the
Museums and galleries
There are several artistic, historic and scientific
Sports and athletics
Football and volleyball are the city's most popular sports, while aerobics,[14] basketball, futsal, physical exercise, pilates[14] and wrestling are also major parts of the city's sporting culture.[14]
12 ski resorts operate in Iran, the most famous being Tochal, Dizin, and Shemshak, all within one to three hours from the city of Tehran.
Tochal's resort is the world's fifth highest ski resort at over 3,730 meters (12,240 feet) above sea level at its highest point. It is also the world's nearest ski resort to a capital city. The resort was opened in 1976, shortly before the 1979 Revolution. It is equipped with an 8-kilometre-long (5 mi) gondola lift that covers a huge vertical distance.[15] There are two parallel chair ski lifts in Tochal that reach 3,900 meters (12,800 feet) high near Tochal's peak (at 4,000 m/13,000 ft), rising higher than the gondola's 7th station, which is higher than any of the European ski resorts. From the Tochal peak, there are views of the Alborz range, including the 5,610-metre-high (18,406 ft) Mount Damavand, a dormant volcano.
Tehran is the site of the national stadium of Azadi, the biggest stadium by capacity in West Asia, where many of the top matches of Iran's Premier League are held. The stadium is a part of the Azadi Sport Complex, which was originally built to host the 7th Asian Games in September 1974. This was the first time the Asian Games were hosted in West Asia. Tehran played host to 3,010 athletes from 25 countries/NOCs, which was at the time the highest number of participants since the inception of the Games.[16] That followed hosting the 6th AFC Asian Cup in June 1976, and then the first West Asian Games in November 1997. The success of the games led to the creation of the West Asian Games Federation (WAGF), and the intention of hosting the games every two years.[17] The city had also hosted the final of the 1968 AFC Asian Cup. Several FIVB Volleyball World League courses have also been hosted in Tehran.
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An Iranian woman doing physical exercise in a gym in Tehran
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Dizin, Iran's largest ski resort, is located near Tehran.
Football
The first football club of Tehran, named
Professional Clubs
Tehran's major clubs:
Club | Sport | Founded | League |
---|---|---|---|
Ararat | Association football | 1944 | Tehran Province League |
Esteghlal | multisport club | 1945 | Iran Pro League (IPL)
|
Persepolis | multisport club | 1967 | Iran Pro League (IPL)
|
Paykan | multisport club | 1967 | Iran Pro League (IPL)
|
Smaller clubs based in Tehran:
Club | Sport | League |
---|---|---|
Baadraan F.C. | Association football | Azadegan League |
Parseh F.C.
|
Association football | Azadegan League |
Nirooye Zamini F.C.
|
Association football | 2nd Division
|
Kaveh F.C. | Association football | 2nd Division
|
Moghavemat F.C. | Association football | 2nd Division
|
Oghab F.C. | Association football | 3rd Division
|
Entezam F.C. | Association football | 3rd Division
|
Naftoon F.C. | Association football | 3rd Division
|
Cuisine
There are many high-end restaurants and cafes in Tehran, both modern and classic, serving both Iranian and cosmopolitan cuisine. Pizzerias, sandwich bars, and kebab shops make up the majority of food shops in Tehran.[20]
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A restaurant in Darband
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A pizzeria in Kamyab Street, Tehran
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A Japanese restaurant in Tehran
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The Parking Café/Restaurant
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Shemroon Cafe, in Tehran's Iranian Art Museum
Fashion
The city has produced many notable Iranian design houses and clothing companies.
Festivals and holidays
Iranian festivals
Nowruz
Iran's official New Year begins with Nowruz, an ancient Iranian tradition celebrated annually on the vernal equinox. It is enjoyed by people adhering to different religions, but is considered a holiday for the Zoroastrians. It was registered on the UNESCO's list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2009,[22] described as the Persian New Year,[23][24][25][26] Tehran Municipality organizes festivals during Nowruz. During Nowruz, many tourists visit the city and Nowruz is one of the best times for visiting Tehran.[27] Also, Tehran hotels offer discounts during Nowruz.[27]
Chaharshanbe Suri
Chaharshanbe Suri is one of the most popular festivals in Tehran. On the eve of the last Wednesday of the preceding year, as a prelude to Nowruz, the ancient festival of Čāršanbe Suri celebrates Ātar ("Fire") by performing rituals such as jumping over bonfires and lighting off firecrackers and fireworks.[28][29]
Sizdah Be-dar
The Nowruz celebrations last by the end of the 13th day of the Iranian year (Farvardin 13, usually coincided with 1 or 2 April), celebrating the festival of Sizdebedar, during which the people traditionally go outdoors to picnic.[citation needed] On this day, Tehran's people go to the city's parks and green spaces.
Yaldā Night
Yaldā, another nationally celebrated ancient tradition,[30] commemorates the ancient goddess Mithra and marks the longest night of the year on the eve of the winter solstice (čelle ye zemestān; usually falling on 20 or 21 December),[31][32] during which families gather together to recite poetry and eat fruits—particularly the red fruits watermelon and pomegranate, as well as mixed nuts.[33][34]
Mehregan
Mehregan is an Iranian festival that also widely referred to as the Persian Festival of Autumn.[35][36][37]
Religious holidays and festivals
Alongside the ancient Iranian celebrations, Islamic annual events such as Ramezān, Eid e Fetr, and Ruz e Āšurā are marked by the country's large Muslim population, Christian traditions such as Noel,[38] Čelle ye Ruze, and Eid e Pāk[39] are observed by the Christian communities, Jewish traditions such as Purim,[40] Hanukā,[41] and Eid e Fatir (Pesah)[42][43] are observed by the Jewish communities, and Zoroastrian traditions such as Sade[44] and Mehrgān are observed by the Zoroastrians.
Industrial and art festivals
There are many fairs and festivals in Tehran that are the best of their kind in the Middle East. Some Tehran festivals are newly established such as Tehran Auto Show.[45]
Graffiti
Many styles of graffiti are seen in Tehran. Some are mainly political and revolutionary slogans painted by governmental organizations,[46] and some are works of art by ordinary citizens, representing their views on both social and political issues. However, unsanctioned street art is forbidden in Iran,[46] and such works are usually short-lived.
During the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests, many graffiti works were created by people supporting the Green Movement. They were removed from the walls by the paramilitary Basij forces.[47]
In recent years, Tehran Municipality has been using graffiti in order to beautify the city.
Several graffiti festivals have also taken place in Tehran, including the one organized by the
References
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The ancient tradition has transformed over time from a simple bonfire to the use of firecrackers...
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External links
- Tehran Nightlife (in Persian)