Custom car

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
One of the famous custom cars in the classic American custom style, the Hirohata Merc[1]

A custom car is a passenger

vehicle that has been altered to either improve its performance, change its aesthetics, or a combination of both. A desire among some automotive enthusiasts in the United States is to push "styling and performance a step beyond the showroom floor - to truly craft an automobile of one's own."[2] A custom car in British according to Collins English Dictionary is built to the buyer's own specifications.[3]

Custom cars are not to be confused with coachbuilt automobiles, historically rolling chassis fitted with luxury bodywork by specialty body builders.

History

speedster, an early form of customized car
A 1923 Ford T-bucket
in the traditional hot rod style

Some of the earliest examples of modified cars were cars modified for

coachbuilding industry is considered to be part of custom car history, as it saw both companies and individuals building custom bodies to be fitted to early cars, and served as inspiration for later customizers.[4]

speedsters and "gow jobs".[5] The "gow job" morphed into the hot rod in the 1940s to 1950s.[6][7] The modified cars used in the Prohibition era by bootleggers to evade revenue agents and other law enforcement are also considered a predecessor to the hot rod.[8] Hot rods gained popularity after World War II, particularly in California, because many returning soldiers had received technical training.[9][10] Many cars were "hopped up" with engine modifications such as adding additional carburetors, high compression heads, and dual exhausts. The suspension was often altered, and engine swaps were done, with the objective of placing the most powerful engine in the lightest possible frame and body combination.[11][12]

Another example of early automobile customization were the first off-road vehicles. Some of the earliest dedicated offroad vehicles were made using the Kégresse track system, starting in the late 1910s, which affixed tracks to an ordinary car in place of the rear wheels for improved off road traction.[13] After World War II, the surplus of army Jeeps led to a growth in the popularity of off-roading as a hobby.

Starting in the early 1940s, some US car customizers began to modify cars with a stronger emphasis on looks and self expression. This led to styles of modification such as

channel[17]
the body by cutting notches in the floorpan where the body touches the frame to lower the whole body.

The first drag strip in the United States opened in 1950 on an airfield in Southern California, and a year later in 1951 the National Hot Rod Association was formed.[18] In the following years, more drag strips were built across the country, leading to a rise in the popularity of drag racing among both amateurs and professionals.

In the post

WW2 era, Japan's automotive industry began to grow rapidly, eventually leading to the country becoming the world's largest vehicle producer. This led to the growth of a unique car customization culture within the country. Some of the early custom cars in Japan, starting in the late 70s through the 80s, included Kaido Racers, Japanese cars modified with homemade parts to look like racecars of the time; imported and modified American and European cars; cars modified for top speed and highway racing; and Dekotora decorated trucks.[19][20] The 90s saw the rise of cars modified for drifting, VIP style
luxury sedans, and the continued popularity of highway racing. Japan also embraced American customization styles, both importing and building their own muscle cars, lowriders, minitrucks, and more.

Styles of modification

1959 Chevrolet Impala Art car
Ford Escort modified for drag racing
Nissan Skyline C210 modified in the Japanese Kaido Racer style
An example of a rat rod

Modified cars can be significantly different from their stock counterparts. A common factor among owners/modifiers is to emulate the visual and/or performance characteristics of established styles and design principles. These similarities may be unintentional. Some of the many different styles and visual influences to car modification are:

  • Art car: Cars painted or decorated to be art pieces.
  • Cal look: A modified classic Volkswagen intended to evoke California through the use of bright colours, trim, and accessories.
  • Drag car: Cars modified for drag racing
  • Drift car: Cars modified for drifting.
  • Dub or donk or
    Hi-Riser
    : Characterized by extremely large wheels with low-profile tires, often with upgraded speaker setups, and sometimes custom paint, interiors and engine upgrades.
  • Euro style: Stanced with one-off paint and small wheels, with shaved features to define car body lines.
  • German look: A Volkswagen Type 1, Type 3, or Karmann Ghia lowered and fitted with late model Porsche mag wheels and touring car-influenced styling. Heavily modified suspension and drivetrain with emphasis on handling and cornering.
  • Hot rod: Style largely consisting of period-specific vehicles, components, and finishes to reproduce characteristics of early drag cars from the 1930s and 1940s.
  • Import or JDM: tuned Japanese vehicles.
  • Itasha: cars decorated with images of characters from anime, manga, or video games
  • Kaido Racer: Japanese style of cars typically with lowered suspension, bright paint jobs, extreme body kits, and extended exhausts, sometimes inspired by Japanese
    Group 5 "Super Silhouette" racecars. Commonly associated with the Bōsōzoku
    .
  • Kustom: Style largely consisting of American cars built from the 1930s to 1960s customized in the styles of that period.
  • Lowrider: Hydraulic or airbag suspension setups, custom paint, pinstriping, custom interior, and, typically, small diameter wire wheels. Others may look like straight restorations, aside from a low stance.
  • Military/service style: Cars designed to look like certain service vehicles.
  • Off-roader: Cars, SUVs and trucks modified for off-roading, such as overlanding, rock crawling, or desert racing.
  • Outlaw: Typically Porsches 356, 911 and Karmann Ghias modified with more powerful engines and brakes, and a more aggressive appearance. This movement took place in Southern California in 1960s.
  • Race car: Cars built to compete in auto racing.
  • Rally car: Cars built to compete in rallies.
  • Rat rod: Style of hot rod and custom cars, imitating the "unfinished" appearance of some hot rods in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. "Rat style" also defines a car that is kept on the road despite visible heavy wear.
  • Restomod: Classic cars that combine original exterior styling with modern applied technologies (such as new suspension, wheels, transmission) or modern interior features (multimedia, etc.) for comfortable everyday use.
  • Siren kings: A New Zealand Pasifika subculture where cars or bicycles are modified with loudspeakers or public address systems for use in competitive battles.
  • South London look: Subtly modified 50's-70's British Fords that are lowered, with pastel paint and 13-inch Lotus Cortina steel wheels or RS, Minilite, or Revolution mag wheels. These cars often use a tuned Ford Kent or Pinto engine.
  • Slab: Originated in the Houston area in the mid-1980s—usually, a full-size American luxury car fitted with custom "elbows", a type of extended wire wheels which protrude out from the fenders, loud speaker setups, and neon signage inside the trunk panel. Other "slab" modifications include hydraulic-actuated trunk panels (a "pop trunk"), candy paint, vertical stainless steel trim on the trunk panel (known as "belt buckles"), aftermarket grille, and the use of a Cadillac front-end sheet metal conversion. The interiors of slabs are usually clad in beige or tan (in what is called a "peanut butter interior"). Usually associated with Houston hip hop music.
  • Sleeper: Stock-looking cars with performance upgrades.
  • Stanced: This style is mostly associated with sports and passenger cars with lowered suspension setups. Custom wheels with low-profile tires play a large role in this style and often feature aggressive sizes, offsets, and camber.
  • VIP style: A Japanese style of customizing luxury cars.

Features

The Reactor (show rod) by Gene Winfield with paint fade style blending from one color to another

Paint

Custom paintjobs play an important role in the culture around customized cars. Builders will often use special painting techniques in order to produce unique finishes, including the use of candy paint,

plastidip
in place of a traditional paintjob. In addition to paint, individual parts of a car may also be chromed, gold plated, or engraved.

Transparent but wildly colored candy-apple paint, applied atop a metallic undercoat, and

metalflake paint, with aluminum glitter within candy-apple paint, appeared in the 1960s. These took many coats to produce a brilliant effect – which in hot climates had a tendency to flake off. This process and style of paint job were invented by Joe Bailon
, a customizer from Northern California.

Painting has become such a part of the custom car scene that now in many custom car competitions, awards for custom paint are as highly sought after as awards for the cars themselves.

Engine swaps

LS1 V8 engine swap in a Mazda RX-7 FD

Engine swaps are a common modification that involves taking the engine from one car and putting it into another car, often one which did not originally come with that engine. A few of the most common engines that people swap into other cars include the

Volkswagen VR6.[21][22]
Completing an engine swap typically requires a high level of modification and fabrication to fit the engine and connect it to the host vehicle's body, transmission, and electrics. Many companies sell kits for common engine swaps that include things such as adapter plates for the transmission, K member, engine mounts, front subframe, and more depending on what's required for the particular swap. Some engine swaps will use the vehicle's original transmission, while others opt for the transmission from the donor car, or a different transmission entirely.

Customizers

Examples of notable American customizers include

Alexander Brothers, Bo Huff, Gil Ayala,[23] Darryl Starbird,[24] Roy Brizio, Troy Trepanier (of Rad Rides by Troy), Boyd Coddington, Darryl Hollenbeck (working out of at Vintage Color Studios; winner of the 2016 America's Most Beautiful Roadster (AMBR) trophy with a custom Deuce)[6] Harry Westergaard,[25] Dave Stuckey,[24] Dean Jeffries, Barry Lobeck, Phil Cool (who won the 1978 AMBR trophy with a bright orange Deuce, cover car for the July 1978 issue of Hot Rod),[26] Troy Ladd of Hollywood Hot Rods, Doane Spencer (builder of a 1940s Deuce considered the template for the hiboy),[27] "Posie",[28] Ron Clark and Bob Kaiser (of Clarkaiser Customs),[29] Joe Bailon[24] (inventor of candy apple paint),[30] Gene Winfield, Rick Dore[31] Joe Wilhelm, "Magoo",[32] Chip Foose,[33] and Pete Chapouris
.

Others, such as

Ford Model A
roadster pickup), made numerous appearances in film (usually in the background of diner scenes and such), after taking two AMBR wins in a row. Some customizers have become well-enough known to be referred to by a given name alone. These include Boyd (Coddington), Pete (Chapouris), and Jake (Jim Jacobs).

Awards

One of the most coveted awards for American customizers is the AMBR (America's Most Beautiful Roadster) trophy, presented annually at the Grand National Roadster Show since 1948 (also known within the customizer community as the Oakland Roadster Show until it was moved to Southern California in 2003). This competition has produced famous, and radical, customs.

Another is the

Ridler Award, presented at the Detroit Autorama
since 1964 in honor of show promoter Don Ridler. With one of the most unusual car show entry requirements, winners of the prestigious Ridler Award are selected as the most outstanding among cars being shown for the first time. This prompts builders of many high-end roadsters to first enter the Autorama first and then the Grand National show in order to have the chance to win top honors at both shows. Few cars and owners can claim this achievement.

Notable customs

The Monkeemobile from the "Munsters"

Some customs gained attention for winning awards such as the AMBR trophy, or for their outlandish styling. Notable among these is

Silhouette and Ed Roth's Mysterion. Some notable custom cars have been turned into Hot Wheels cars, among them The Red Baron
.

Other custom cars became notable for appearances in film (such as Ala Kart {1958},[34] The California Kid three-window {1973},[35] the yellow deuce from "American Graffiti" {1973}, the Batmobiles from Batman, the Pursuit Special from Mad Max, and more) or television (such as The Monkeemobile from the "Munsters", and KITT from Knight Rider).

Other notable customs exemplified a trend. One of these is the 1951 Merc built by the Barris brothers for Bob Hirohata in 1953, known as the

Hot Rod in August, and saw 54 pages of construction details in Motor Trend Custom Car Annual in 1954.[38]

Gallery


See also

References

  1. . Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  2. . Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  3. ^ "Custom car definition and meaning: Collins English Dictionary". collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
  4. ^ Hoving, Rik (2017-11-12). "History of the Early Custom Car". Custom Car Chronicle. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  5. ^ Conwill, David (2020-01-23). "A Brief History of Hot Rodding". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 2024-02-08.
  6. ^ a b Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in Hot Rod, March 2017, p. 16.
  7. ^ Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in Hot Rod, March 2017, p. 18.
  8. ^ "Hot Rod History". www.hopupmag.com. 28 November 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  9. ^ "Hot Rod History". www.hopupmag.com. 28 November 2015. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  10. ^ "Hot Rod History". www.autoevolution.com. 2009-07-23. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  11. ^ "The evolution of custom cars". Retrieved 2016-10-11.
  12. ^ Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in Hot Rod, March 2017, pp. 18 and 20.
  13. ^ "Stanislav Kiriletz". MIG-registeret (in Norwegian and English). Archived from the original on 2008-12-31.
  14. ]
  15. ^ Rod Action, 2/78, p. 64.
  16. ^ Street Rodder, 2/78, p. 15; Custom Rodder 1/97, p. 29.
  17. ^ Jezek, George. "The All Deuce Round-Up", in Street Rodder, 2/78, p. 58.
  18. ^ "NHRA History". NHRA. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
  19. ^ "What is a Kaido Racer?". Kaido Racer. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
  20. ^ "THE GOLDEN YEARS OF JAPAN'S CAR CULTURE: SHOWA RACING". sabukaru. 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
  21. ^ Bonk, Aaron. "Popular Engine Swaps".
  22. ^ Hevesy, Alex (2023-07-02). "5 Of The Most Popular Engines For Classic Car Engine Swaps". SlashGear. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  23. ^ Rod & Custom, 8/89, p. 60.
  24. ^ a b c Street Rodder, 1/85, p. 56.
  25. ^ Rod & Custom, 8/89, p. 55.
  26. ^ Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in Hot Rod, March 2017, p. 23.
  27. ^ Shelton, p. 29.
  28. ^ Rod Action, 2/85, p. 5.
  29. ^ Fetherston, David, "Detroit Dreams", in Rod & Custom, 7/95, p. 58.
  30. ^ Ganahl, Pat, "The Candy Man", in Rod & Custom, 7/95, p. 81.
  31. – via Google Books.
  32. ^ Street Rodder, 12/98, p. 206.
  33. ^ Bishop, Mike, "The 45th Grand National Roadster Show", in American Rodder, 6/94, p. 27.
  34. ^ Hot Rod, 12/86, p. 29 sidebar.
  35. ^ Hot Rod, 12/86, p. 29.
  36. ^ Rod & Custom, 8/89, pp. 8 & 10.
  37. ^ Custom Rodder online[permanent dead link] (retrieved 28 July 2018)
  38. ^ Rod & Custom, 8/89, p. 68.

External links