Cynipoidea
Cynipoidea Temporal range:
| |
---|---|
Cynips quercusfolii | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Infraorder: | Proctotrupomorpha |
Superfamily: | Cynipoidea |
Families | |
Austrocynipidae Riek, 1971 Cynipidae Latreille , 1802Paraulacidae Nieves-Aldrey & Liljeblad, 2009 Diplolepididae Latreille, 1802 |
The Cynipoidea are a moderate-sized
petiole
is very short, when present.
With the exception of the
Cynipidae (the gall wasps), it is a poorly known group as a whole, though there are nearly 3000 known species in total, and a great many species are still undescribed, mostly in the Figitidae.[1] Each of the constituent families differs in biology, though life histories of one of the families (Liopteridae) are still largely unknown. In July 2020, an identification key for the superfamily was published in the journal Insect Systematics and Diversity, enabling identification to the family level.[2] Several groups formerly included in Cynipidae were elevated to family status in 2023.[3]
Classification
- Early-diverging Families
- Family Austrocynipidae Riek, 1971
- Family Ibaliidae Thomson, 1862
- Subfamily †Archaeibaliinae Liu & Engel, 2010
- Subfamily Ibaliinae Thomson, 1862
- Family †Protimaspidae Liu & Engel, 2007
- Family †Stolamissidae Liu & Engel, 2007
- Family †Gerocynipidae Liu & Engel, 2007
- Family Liopteridae Ashmead, 1895
- Subfamily †Proliopterinae Liu & Engel, 2007
- Subfamily †Goeraniinae Liu & Engel, 2007
- Subfamily Mayrellinae Hedicke, 1922
- Subfamily Dallatorrellinae Kieffer, 1911
- Subfamily Oberthuerellinae Hedicke, 1903
- Subfamily Liopterinae Ashmead, 1895
- Eucynipoides
- Family Figitidae Thomson, 1862
- Subfamily †Rasnicynipinae Kozlov, 1996
- Subfamily †Palaeocynipinae Kozlov, 1995
- Family Figitidae Thomson, 1862
- Core Figitidae
- Subfamily Charipinae Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910
- Subfamily Emargininae Kovalev, 1994
- Subfamily Eucoilinae Thomson, 1862
- Tribe Diglyphosematini Belizin, 1961
- Tribe Eucoilini Thomson, 1862
- Tribe Ganaspini Belizin, 1961
- Tribe Kleidotomini Hellén, 1960
- Tribe Trichoplastini Kovalev, 1989
- Tribe Zaeucoilini Buffington, 2009
- Subfamily Figitinae Thomson, 1862
- Subfamily Mikeiinae Paretas-Martinez & Pujade-Villar, 2011
- Subfamily Aspicerinae Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910
- Subfamily Anacharitinae Thomson, 1862
- Subfamily Pycnostigminae Cameron, 1905
- Subfamily Thrasorinae Kovalev, 1994
- Core Figitidae
- Gall-associated Figitidae
- Subfamily Plectocynipinae Ros-Farré & Pujade-Villar, 2007
- Subfamily Euceroptresinae Buffington & Liljeblad, 2008
- Subfamily Parnipinae Ronquist & Nieves-Aldrey, 2001
- Gall-associated Figitidae
- Cynipiformes
- Family Diplolepididae Latreille, 1802
- Subfamily Diplolepidinae Latreille, 1802
- Subfamily Pediaspinae Ashmead, 1903
- Family Paraulacidae Nieves-Aldrey & Liljeblad, 2009
- Family CynipidaeLatreille, 1802
- Subfamily †Hodiernocynipinae Kovalev, 1994
- Subfamily Cynipinae Latreille, 1802
- Tribe Aulacideini Nieves-Aldrey & Ronquist, 2015
- Tribe Aylacini Ashmead, 1903
- Tribe Ceroptresini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, & Ronquist, 2015
- Tribe Cynipini Latreille, 1802
- Tribe Diastrophini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, & Ronquist, 2015
- Tribe Eschatocerini Ashmead, 1903
- Tribe Phanacidini Nieves-Aldrey, Nylander, & Ronquist, 2015
- Tribe Qwaqwaiini Liljeblad, Nieves-Aldrey, & Melika, 2011
- Tribe Synergini Ashmead, 1896
- Family Diplolepididae Latreille, 1802
References
- ^ Mertz, Leslie. "Is That a Gall Wasp? Now You Can Find Out". Entomology Today. Entomological Society of America. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
- Wikidata Q119582746.
- Wikidata Q123440111.