Cyprinodon julimes

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Cyprinodon julimes
Male in the aquarium

Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes
Family: Cyprinodontidae
Genus: Cyprinodon
Species:
C. julimes
Binomial name
Cyprinodon julimes

The Julimes pupfish (Cyprinodon julimes) (

standard length
.

Appearance

Its body is deep, the dorsal and ventral profile is convex and the lower jaw exceeds the premaxilla. The dorsal fin is placed forward with respect to the pelvic fin.[5] Females and young have reticulate patterns of dark and light silver-brownish bands of varying lengths and thickness over the flanks, as well as a conspicuous black spot or ocellus on the distal edge of the dorsal fin. Dominant males are bluish-green in color and show a black bar along the distal edge of the caudal fin.[5]

Holotype.- UANL 18721 Collected by Ma.de Lourdes Lozano Vilano, Mauricio De la Maza Benignos, Ma. Elena García Ramírez, and the WWF group. February 25, 2007. Mature male 31.8 mm SL

Paratypes.- UANL 18721 (39 specimens); TNHC39729 (2 specimens); USNM 391634 (2 specimens); UMMZ 248729 (2 specimens). Same data as holotype.

Distribution

The Julimes pupfish inhabits sections of "El Pandeño" hot spring system in the municipality of Julimes, Chihuahua. The system is located within the Middle Rio Conchos Basin and consists of a geothermal spring and a series of divergent canals. Until year 2011 C. julimes was restricted to an area of approximately 287.62 m2 (3,095.9 sq ft) that is part of the original system and a contiguous 437.19 m2 (4,705.9 sq ft) man-made blind canal, with depth ranging from 40 and 80 cm (1.3 and 2.6 ft) and constant water temperatures ranging between 38 and 46 °C (100 and 115 °F).[5][6]

Biology and behavior

Male in an aquarium

Females and young group in small schools. They feed on detritus, perifitum (organic matter that collects on the surface of aquatic plants),[5] and invertebrates — including the microendemic cochliopid Julimes springsnail Tryonia julimensis[6][7] — and were often seen feeding on floating grass seeds.[5] Dominant males establish territories of about 0.5 m (1.6 ft) in diameter around sunken branches, rocks or pieces of travertine from where they court passing females. Displays of aggression dissuade other males from entering their territories. Females that are ready to spawn cautiously enter the dominant male's territory, showing a courtship display directed at attracting the guarding male. Mating pairs come together, swimming, swirling and waving their bodies simultaneously as the female releases single eggs which are immediately fertilized by the male. The eggs adhere to roots, aquatic vegetation, rocks, travertine or sunken objects and are abandoned to their fate.[5] The Julimes pupfish is considered to be the freshwater teleost that lives in the highest-temperature waters on the planet[5][8] and is possibly also the vertebrate with the smallest known distribution range.[6]

Genetics

Effective population size was evaluated in 2013 and found to be critically low, indicating that "this pupfish is at genetic risk of extinction through loss of adaptive variance and, potentially, from inbreeding depression." Mitochondrial variation was also extremely low, and haplotype frequency was biased heavily in favor of one of two variants. The most common variant represented a divergent lineage exclusive to this pupfish; which supports recognition of Julimes pupfish as a valid and critically endangered species.[9]

Additionally, twenty-five

Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and for genotypic disequilibrium were conducted using GENEPOP v4.0 (Rousset 2008). After sequential Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, significant deviation from HWE expectations was observed at five loci. all locus-pairs conformed to expectations of genotypic equilibrium.[10]

In accordance with conservation agreements between Pronatura Noreste A. C. and Amigos del Pandeño, A.C. test results are being used for long-term genetic monitoring under the ‘‘Vital Signs’’ program for the geothermal Julimes springs.[10][11]

Habitat

Within the hot spring, aquatic vegetation includes a single patch of

isopod (Thermosphaeroma macrura[13]).[6]

In January 2013, Amigos del Pandeño restored ~300 square metres (3,200 sq ft) of dried lower marsh habitat with support from Pronatura Noreste. The restored area, which more than doubled pupfish suitable habitat within the system was soon colonized by both pupfish and Gambusia sp. Julimes.[14]

Conservation

The species is listed as Endangered (P) in the Mexican Endangered Species NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010.

Since 1998, all water flow from "El Pandeño" has been allocated to 36 farmers grouped in the "San José de Pandos Irrigation Society" (SJPIS). The SJPIS farmers utilize an annual volume of 237,000 cubic metres (8,400,000 cu ft), or 50 lps, for both agriculture and recreation.

CONABIO) in the book The Natural Heritage of Mexico: One hundred success stories.[15]

On September 28, 2010, the Mexican National Water Commission (CONAGUA) issued positive response to the request made by "Amigos del Pandeño", allowing them to use and manage the federal lands surrounding "El Pandeño" — officially known as "San José de Pandos" — thermal spring, for environmental purposes, for a ten-year term.[16]

In May 2011, "

SEMARNAT and the Chihuahua State Government, established "El Pandeño" as official Custodial Wildlife Conservation Management Unit "UMA-El Pandeño SDUE-UMA-EX-096-CHIH-12".[6]

In November 30, 2013, an area of 368 ha (909 Acres) comprising a group of springs and irrigation canals, including "

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands on the basis of the unique ecosystems present, and the endemic organisms, including the Julimes pupfish, the isopod Thermosphaeroma macrura and the gastropod Tryonia julimensis, which have adapted to the extreme conditions which these systems present.[17][18] The site is also a Grassland Priority Conservation Area, as it acts as a resting and feeding area for migratory birds traveling over the desert areas of Chihuahua State, which have very few water bodies especially during the dry winter season.[17]

Bibliography

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T82958891A82962231.en
    . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ "A Transformative Partnership to Conserve Water. Annual Review 2011" (PDF). The Coca-Cola Company. 2011. pp. 6–7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-01. Retrieved 2013-10-31.
  3. ^ Fleming, D. 2012. Mexico Day 5: An encounter with the world’s hottest fish. WWF-UK. http://blogs.wwf.org.uk/blog/climate-energy/mexico-day-5-an-encounter-with-the-worlds-hottest-fish/
  4. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T6162A3106242.en
    . Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g De la Maza-Benignos, M. and L. Vela-Valladares. 2009. “Cyprinodon julimes sp. nov”. Los Peces del Río Conchos (editor: De la Maza-Benignos, M.). Alianza WWF - FGRA y Gobierno del Estado de Chihuahua. (in Spanish)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h De la Maza-Benignos M., J.A. Rodriguez-Pineda, A. De la Mora-Covarrubias, E.W. Carson, M. Quiñonez-Martínez, P. Lavín-Murcio, L. Vela-Valladares, Ma de L. Lozano-Vilano, H. Parra-Gallo H, A. Macías-Duarte, T. Lebgue-Keleng, E. Pando-Pando, M. Pando-Pando, M. Andazola-González, A. Anchondo-Najera, G. Quintana-Martínez, I. A. Banda-Villanueva, H.J. Ibarrola-Reyes, J. Zapata-López. (2012) “Planes de Manejo y Programa de Monitoreo de Signos Vitales para las Áreas de Manantiales de la UMA El Pandeño; y San Diego de Alcalá en el Desierto Colombiano Vol 1. Pronatura Noreste, A.C. (editor). Amigos del Pandeño, A.C. 162 pp. (in Spanish)
  7. ^ a b Hershler, Liu and Landye, 2011. New species and records of springsnails (Caenogastropoda: Cochliopidae: Tryonia) from the Chihuahuan Desert (Mexico and United States), an imperiled bio-diversity hotspot. Zootaxa 3001: 1–32
  8. ^ Miller R. R., W.L. Minckley, S.M. Norris. 2005. Freshwater Fishes of México. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. pp. I–XXV, 1–490.
  9. doi:10.1007/s10592-013-0548-x
    .
  10. ^ a b Carson, E.W., R. R. Beasley, K. L. Jones, S.L. Lance, Ma. L. Lozano-Vilano, L. Vela-Valladares, I. Banda-Villanueva, T. F. Turner, M. De la Maza-Benignos. (2013) Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the microendemic pupfishes Cyprinodon julimes and C. pachycephalus Conservation Genet. Resour. DOI 10.1007/s12686-013-9925-5
  11. ^ De la Maza-Benignos M., J.A. Rodriguez-Pineda, A. De la Mora-Covarrubias, E.W. Carson, M. Quiñonez-Martínez, P. Lavín-Murcio, L. Vela-Valladares, Ma de L. Lozano-Vilano, H. Parra-Gallo H, A. Macías-Duarte, T. Lebgue-Keleng, E. Pando-Pando, M. Pando-Pando, M. Andazola-González, A. Anchondo-Najera, G. Quintana-Martínez, I. A. Banda-Villanueva, H.J. Ibarrola-Reyes, J. Zapata-López. (2012) “Planes de Manejo y Programa de Monitoreo de Signos Vitales para las Áreas de Manantiales de la UMA El Pandeño; y San Diego de Alcalá en el Desierto Chihuahuense”. Vol 1. Pronatura Noreste, A.C. (editor). Amigos del Pandeño, A.C. 162 pp. http://www.pronaturane.org/sblock/admin/image/Planes%20de%20Manejo%20y%20Programa%20de%20Monitoreo%20Vol%20%201%20mayo%202012%20final.pdf[permanent dead link] (Spanish)
  12. ^ WWF, 2009. Caracterización del hábitat acuático asociado al pez Cyprinodon (nsp.) julimes. Montejano, G. and I. Becerra-Absalón, Laboratorio de Ficología, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM para World Wildlife Fund. http://amigosdelpandeno.org/ligas.html (in Spanish)
  13. ^ Bowman, 1985
  14. ^ Pronatura. 2013. Qué hacemos. http://www.pronatura.org.mx/actividades/biodiversidad/peces_cachorritos_del_desierto.php
  15. ^ Carabias J., J. Sarukhan. J. De la Maza. C. Galindo (coordinadores). “Patrimonio Natural de México: Cien Casos de Éxito”. 2010. México, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. 240 pp. México. http://www.biodiversidad.gob.mx/pais/cien_casos/pdf/Cien%20casos.pdf (in Spanish)
  16. ^ WWF, 2010. Resolución de Conagua reconoce ante la comunidad de Julimes la importancia de la biodiversidad de la cuenca del río Bravo. Boletín de prensa 29 de octubre de 2010. http://www.wwf.org.mx/wwfmex/archivos/dc/101029-julimes-conagua-reconoce-biodiversidad-cuenca-rio-bravo.pdf[permanent dead link] (in Spanish)
  17. ^ a b The Ramsar Convention of Wetlands,The Annotated Ramsar List: Mexico, http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-mexico/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16517_4000_0__
  18. ^ Presidencia de la República de México, 2014, Los ‘Manantiales Geotermales de Julimes’, en Chihuahua, sitio de importancia internacional, http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/articulos-prensa/los-manantiales-geotermales-de-julimes-en-chihuahua-sitio-de-importancia-internacional/

External links

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