Cypriot refugees

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
See also: Greek Cypriot diaspora and Turkish Cypriot diaspora

Cypriot refugees are the

Cyprus conflict. The government of Cyprus also recognizes as refugees the descendants of the original refugees in the male line regardless of place of birth.[1]

1963–74 background

Main articles:
Cyprus dispute and Civilian casualties and displacements during the Cyprus conflict

Tension began in 1963 when Makarios proposed

Greek military junta of 1967-1974 then ruling Greece, trying to overthrow the Cypriot government and unite the island with Greece, was met with a military invasion of the island by Turkey, which claimed it was acting as a guarantor power to prevent annexation of the island. Turkey's subsequent decades-long occupation of northern Cyprus has attracted widespread international condemnation.[2]

Post–1974

Main articles:
Cyprus dispute

Republic of Cyprus and thus transforming the Turkish Cypriot objective of Taksim
(partition of the island of Cyprus into Turkish and Greek portions, a concept declared as early as 1957 by Dr. Fazil Küçük) into reality. Greek Cypriots in the north (nearly half the Greek Cypriot population of the island) were forced by the advancing Turkish Army to flee south. Likewise, Turkish Cypriots who had not already fled to the enclaves during the intercommunal violence now chose to do so.

It is estimated that 40% of the Greek population of

UNHCR registers slightly higher figures of 200,000 and 65,000 respectively, being partly based on official Cypriot statistics which register children of displaced families as refugees.[3]

On August 2, 1975, the two parties reached in Vienna the Voluntary Exchange of Population Agreement, implemented under United Nations auspices. In accordance with this Agreement, Turkish Cypriots remaining in the south moved to the North and Greek Cypriots remaining in the north moved to the south with the exception of a few hundred Greek Cypriots who chose to reside in the north.[4] After that, the separation of the two communities via the UN-patrolled Green Line prohibited the return of all internally displaced people.

Through the years, multiple

demonstrations and rallies have been made by the Greek Cypriots demanding to return to their properties, such as the 1996 demonstrations by thousands of Greek Cypriot women attempting to return to their homes and properties in 1989 without success.[5] A number of Greek Cypriots chose to take their case to the European Court of Human Rights filing against Turkey and argued their homes are being occupied by migrant workers brought from Turkey with the intention of altering the demographics of the island.[citation needed
]

In 1990, applications filed with the European Court of Human Rights on behalf of 18 Greek Cypriots in the case of Varnava and Others v. Turkey, resulted in a decision on 18 September 2009 which ordered Turkey to pay €12,000 within three months to every applicant for non-pecuniary damages and €8,000 for costs and expenses.[6][7]

In 1999, UNHCR halted its assistance activities for internally displaced persons in Cyprus.[8]

Neither the Greek Cypriot or Turkish Cypriot displaced populations are considered to be in any need of humanitarian aid. The Greek Cypriot government instituted a program of housing and aid for the displaced. This housing programme was giving Turkish Cypriot refugee properties to the displaced Greek Cypriots. They were also benefitting from the boom in tourism across the south of the island.

Turkish Cypriot relief came mainly in the form of economic aid from Turkey as well as the allocation of formerly Greek Cypriot owned houses and property. Both sides had the same housing programme, taking use of the abandoned properties.[3]

In April 2003, the Turkish Cypriot President Rauf Denktaş opened the border crossing for the first time since the island was divided, allowing both Greek and Turkish Cypriots to view their property for the first time since the separation of the two communities. Crossing procedures have since been relaxed allowing Cypriots from both communities to move relatively freely across the island.

It was hoped that Cyprus's accession to the European Union would provide an impetus for reunification of the island and, in 2004, the UN-backed

Dimitris Christofias and Mehmet Ali Talat
.

Legal action

Toumazou et al. v. Republic of Turkey et al.

Main article:
Toumazou et al. v. Republic of Turkey et al.

In October 2009, a lawsuit was brought against the TRNC Representative Offices and

with prejudice for lack of jurisdiction.[9][10]

Legal status of the displaced Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots

The displaced Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots fell under the UN definition of "internally displaced persons". The government of USA considers Greek Cypriots displaced as a result of the 1974 division of the island to be "refugees".[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Christofias vetoes costly refugee law TheFreeLibrary.com
  2. ^ Governmentand Politic
  3. ^ a b "Cyprus: failure of political settlement prevents the displaced from repossessing their properties". International Displacement Monitoring Centre. April 2005. Archived from the original on 12 August 2007. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  4. ^ "IDMC | Cyprus: Global IDP Figures". www.internal-displacement.org. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008.
  5. ^ Williams Jr, Nick B. (20 March 1989). "Greek Cypriot Women, Turkish Police Scuffle : 3,000 Cross Border, Protest Island's Division; 9 Hurt, 50 Reported Arrested" – via LA Times.
  6. ^ "European Court of Human Rights: Decision Against Turkey in Missing Persons Case Dating to 1974 Conflict with Cyprus". Library of Congress.
  7. ^ "Case of Varnava and Others v. TURKEY (Applications nos. 16064/90, 16065/90, 16066/90, 16068/90, 16069/90, 16070/90, 16071/90, 16072/90 and 16073/90)".
  8. ^ UNHCR Archived 2014-03-27 at the Wayback Machine UNHCR stopped help to displaced persons in Cyprus
  9. ^ Abbott, Ryan (13 October 2014). "Property Spat Over Turk- Controlled Cyprus Fails". Courthouse News Service. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  10. ^ "TOUMAZOU et al v. REPUBLIC OF TURKEY et al". Justia. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  11. ^ "State Department issues Human Rights Report on Cyprus". philenews. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2020.

External links

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