Cyril Lucaris
Cyril I Lucaris | |
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Greek Patriarch of Alexandria as Cyril III |
Eastern episcopal vestments, holding a Gospel Book or a crosier. He is depicted as having a big white beard. |
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Cyril Lucaris or Kyrillos Loukaris (
Life
Cyril Lucaris was born in
While the exact date is unknown, Lucaris was ordained in Constantinople.
There was a time, when we were bewitched, before we understood the very pure Word of God; and although we did not communicate with the Roman Pontiff… we abominated the doctrine of the Reformed Churches, as opposed to the Faith, not knowing in good truth what we abominated. But when it pleased the merciful God to enlighten us, and make us perceive our former error, we began to consider what our future stand should be. And as the role of a good citizen, in the case of any dissension, is to defend the juster cause, I think it all the more to be the duty of a good Christian not to dissimulate his sentiments in matters pertaining to salvation, but to embrace unreservedly that side which is most accordant to the Word of God. What did I do then? Having obtained, through the kindness of friends, some writings of Evangelical theologians, books which have not only been unseen in the East, but due to the influence of the censures of Rome, have not even been heard of, I then invoked earnestly the assistance of the Holy Ghost, and for three years compared the doctrines of the Greek and Latin Churches with that of the Reformed… Leaving the Fathers I took for my only guide the Scriptures and the Analogy of Faith. At length, having been convinced, through the grace of God, that the cause of the Reformers was more correct and more in accord with the doctrine of Christ, I embraced it.[9]
Due to
In 1627, he authorized the establishment of a Greek language printing press in Istanbul, the first of its kind. However, the French government lodged an official protest with Ottoman authorities once the press began to publish anti-Catholic polemics, and as a result, Ottoman authorities ordered its closure one year later.[10]
He sponsored Maximos of Gallipoli to produce the first translation of the New Testament in Modern Greek.[11]
Calvinism
Cyril's aim was to reform the
Cyril was also particularly well disposed towards the
In 1629 in Geneva the Eastern Confession of the Christian faith was published in Latin, containing the Calvinist doctrine. In 1633 it was published in Greek. The Council of Constantinople in 1638 anathematized both Cyril and the Eastern Confession of the Christian faith, but the Synod of Jerusalem in 1672, specially engaged in the case of Cyril, completely acquitted him, testified that the Council of Constantinople cursed Cyril not because they thought he was the author of the confession, but for the fact that Cyril hadn't written a rebuttal to this essay attributed to him.
The overwhelming majority of Greek and Russian Orthodox scholars (Ivan Malyshevsky,[13] bishop Arsenius (Bryantsev),[14] Vasily Malakhov,[15] George Michaelides,[16] Nikolay Talberg[17]) have denied the authenticity of the "Confessio", which resulted in the canonization of Cyril in 2009 by the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria.[18]
Politics and death
Lucaris was several times temporarily
Lucaris was honoured as a saint and martyr shortly after his death, and
According to a 1659 letter to Thomas Greaves from Edward Pococke (who, on his book-hunting travels for archbishop William Laud, had met Lucaris) many of the choicest manuscripts from Lucaris' library were saved by the Dutch ambassador who sent them by ship to Holland. Although the ship arrived safely, it sank the next day in a violent storm along with its cargo.[20]
References
Citations
- ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.
- ^ "Cyril Lucaris | patriarch of Constantinople | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- ^ First Day of the deliberations of the holy synod of the Alexandrian patriarchate. Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa. 6/10/2009.
- ^ "Άγιος Κύριλλος Λούκαρις Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως" [Saint Cyril Loukaris patriarch of Constantinople], Saints (in Greek), Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής, 27 June 2019.
- ^ Emerau, C (1926). "Lucar Cyrille". Dictionnaire de Theologie Catholique (in French). Vol. 9. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. 1003–19.
- ^ a b c d e f "Lucaris, Cyril", Encyclopædia Britannica (online ed.), 26 March 2008.
- ^ Medlin, William K. Renaissance Influences and Religious Reforms in Russia. p. 104.
- ^ Papadopoulos, Chrysostom (1939). Kyrillos Loukaris, p. 15 (Athens).
- ^ Hadjiantoniou, George (1961). Protestant Patriarch. John Knox Press (Richmond, VA), pp. 42–43
- ^ Masters, Bruce (2006). "Christians in a Changing World" in the Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 3, edited by Suraiya N. Faroqhi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 276–277.
- .
- ^ Siecienski 2010, p. 183.
- ^ Малышевский И. И. Александрийский патриарх Мелетий Пигас и его участие в делах Русской Церкви. — К., 1872. — T. 1. — С. 569—571
- ^ Arsenius Bryantsev (1881), Патриарх Кирилл Лукарис и его заслуги для Православной Церкви, Симферополь, pp. 204–206
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Малахов В. Я. Пресуществление Святых Даров в таинстве Евхаристии // Богословский Вестник. 1898. — Т. 2. — № 6. — С. 315
- ^ Michaelides G. P. The Greek Orthodox Position on the Confession of Cyril Lucaris // Church History. 1943. — Vol. 12 (2). — P. 118—129
- ^ Тальберг Н. Д. Соборы, ограждавшие православие от латинян и протестантов
- ^ Бернацкий М. М. Кирилл I Лукарис // Православная энциклопедия. — М., 2014. — Т. XXXIV : «Кипрская православная церковь — Кирион, Вассиан, Агафон и Моисей». — С. 553-559.
- ^ Lempriere, J (1808). Universal Biography.
- ^ Twells, Leonard (1816). The Lives of Dr. Edward Pocock: the celebrated orientalist. Vol. 1. London: printed for FC & J Rivington, by R&R Gilbert. pp. 410–11.
Sources
- "Kyrillos III Lucaris (1601–1620)". Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
Further reading
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lucaris, Cyrillos". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–93. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- Siecienski, Anthony Edward (2010). The Filioque: History of a Doctrinal Controversy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19537204-5.
- Hadjiantoniou, G.A. (1948). Cyril Lucaris : his life and work (PhD thesis thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/10292.
External links
- of Etna, Chrysostomos, The Myth of the Calvinist Patriarch, Orthodox info – article from an Orthodox standpoint claiming Lucaris was not a Calvinist.
- Lucaris, Confession of Faith, Cri voice.
- Michaelides, George P (1943), "The Greek Orthodox Position on the Confession of Cyril Lucaris", Church History, 12 (2), J Stor: 118–129, S2CID 162495558.
- Cyril I Lucaris (article), The Ecumenical Patriarchate