Cyrus Vance

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the former U.S. Secretary of the Army and Secretary of State. For his son, the New York County District Attorney, see Cyrus Vance Jr.
Cyrus Vance
Deputy
Warren Christopher
Preceded byHenry Kissinger
Succeeded byEdmund Muskie
11th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
In office
January 28, 1964 – June 30, 1967
PresidentLyndon B. Johnson
Preceded byRoswell Gilpatric
Succeeded byPaul Nitze
7th United States Secretary of the Army
In office
July 5, 1962 – January 21, 1964
PresidentJohn F. Kennedy
Lyndon B. Johnson
Preceded byElvis Jacob Stahr Jr.
Succeeded byStephen Ailes
General Counsel of the Department of Defense
In office
January 29, 1961 – June 30, 1962
PresidentJohn F. Kennedy
Preceded byVincent Burke
Succeeded byJohn McNaughton
Personal details
Born
Cyrus Roberts Vance

(1917-03-27)March 27, 1917
Clarksburg, West Virginia, U.S.
DiedJanuary 12, 2002(2002-01-12) (aged 84)
New York City, U.S.
Resting placeArlington National Cemetery
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
Gay Sloane
​
(m. 1947)​
Children5, including Cyrus Jr.
RelativesJohn W. Davis (adoptive father)
EducationYale University (BA, LLB)
Signature
Military service
Branch/serviceUnited States Navy
Years of service1942–1946
RankLieutenant
UnitUSS Hale (DD-642)
Battles/warsWorld War II

Cyrus Roberts Vance Sr. (March 27, 1917 – January 12, 2002) was an American lawyer and

Secretary of the Army and General Counsel of the Department of Defense.[2]

As Secretary of State, Vance approached foreign policy with an emphasis on negotiation over conflict and a special interest in

arms reduction. In April 1980, he resigned in protest of Operation Eagle Claw, the secret mission to rescue American hostages in Iran. He was succeeded by Edmund Muskie
.

Vance was the cousin (and adoptive son) of 1924 Democratic presidential nominee and lawyer John W. Davis. He was the father of Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr.

Early life and family

Cyrus Vance was born on March 27, 1917, in Clarksburg, West Virginia.[3] He was the son of John Carl Vance II and his wife Amy Roberts Vance, and had an elder brother, John Carl Vance III.[3][4] Following Vance's birth, his family relocated to Bronxville, New York, so that his father could commute to New York City, where he was an insurance broker.[5] Vance's father was also a landowner and worked for a government agency during World War I. He died unexpectedly of pneumonia in 1922.[6]

Vance's mother was Amy Roberts Vance, who had a prominent family history in

Ambassador to the United Kingdom and 1924 United States presidential candidate, became his mentor and adopted him.[7]

Vance graduated from Kent School in 1935 and earned a bachelor's degree in 1939 from Yale College, where he was a member of the secret Scroll and Key society and earned three varsity letters in ice hockey. He graduated from Yale Law School in 1942.[6] While there, his classmates included Sargent Shriver, William Scranton, Stanley Rogers Resor, and William Bundy, with all of whom he would later work.[1]

During

Mead Corporation for a year before joining the law firm Simpson Thacher & Bartlett in New York City.[1]

At the age of 29, Vance married Grace Elsie "Gay" Sloane on February 15, 1947. She was a Bryn Mawr College graduate and was the daughter of the board chairman of the W. & J. Sloane furniture company in New York City. They had five children:

  • Elsie Nicoll Vance
  • Amy Sloane Vance
  • Grace Roberts Vance
  • Camilla Vance Holmes
  • Cyrus R. Vance Jr.

Political career

In 1957, Senator Lyndon B. Johnson asked Vance to leave Wall Street to work for the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services, where he helped draft the National Aeronautics and Space Act, leading to the creation of NASA.[1]

In 1961, Defense Secretary Robert McNamara recruited Vance to become General Counsel of the Department of Defense.[1] He was then made the Secretary of the Army by President John F. Kennedy. He was Secretary when Army units were sent to northern Mississippi in 1962 to protect James Meredith and ensure that the court-ordered integration of the University of Mississippi took place.[6]

In 1964, Vance became the

Cyprus dispute. In 1968, Johnson sent him to South Korea to deal with the USS Pueblo hostage situation.[1]

Vance first

supported the Vietnam War but by the late 1960s changed his views and resigned from office, advising the president to withdraw US troops from South Vietnam. Vance served as a deputy to W. Averell Harriman during the Paris Peace Accords, which were a failure due to the duplicity of the South Vietnamese. Vance called the failed peace talks "one of the great tragedies in history".[1] He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in January 1969.[6]

In May 1970, Vance was appointed to serve as a commissioner in a landmark panel known as the

New York Police Department
. The Knapp Commission held televised hearings into police corruption and issued a final report of its findings in 1972. The work of the Knapp Commission led to the prosecution of police officers on charges of corruption and culminated in significant, if short-lived, reforms and oversight of the police department, including the appointment of a temporary special prosecutor to investigate and prosecute corruption committed by NYPD officers, district attorneys, and judges.

From 1974 to 1976, Vance served as president of the New York City Bar Association.[8] Vance returned to his law practice at Simpson Thacher & Bartlett in 1980, but was repeatedly called back to public service throughout the 1980s and 1990s, participating in diplomatic missions to Bosnia, Croatia, and South Africa. Vance helped negotiate the dispute over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.[1]

Secretary of State

Main article: Foreign policy of the Jimmy Carter administration
Vance talks with President Carter on the White House lawn, March 1977
Alfred Leroy Atherton, William H. Sullivan, Vance, President Jimmy Carter, and Zbigniew Brzezinski
in 1977

President

Panama Canal Treaties, along with peace talks in Rhodesia, Namibia and South Africa. He worked closely with Israeli Ministers Moshe Dayan and Ezer Weizman to secure the Camp David Accords in 1978. Vance insisted that the President make Paul Warnke Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, over strong opposition by Senator Henry M. Jackson.[1]

Vance also pushed for détente with the Soviet Union, and clashed frequently with the more hawkish

People's Republic of China
in 1978.

As Brzezinski took control of the negotiations, Vance was marginalized and his influence began to wane. When revolution erupted in Iran in late 1978, the two were divided on how to support the United States' ally the Shah of Iran. Vance argued in favor of reforms while Brzezinski urged him to crack down – the 'iron fist' approach. Unable to receive a direct course of action from Carter, the mixed messages that the Shah received from Vance and Brzezinski contributed to his confusion and indecision as he fled Iran in January 1979 and his regime collapsed.

Vance negotiated the

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan on December 27, 1979, Vance's opposition to what he had called "visceral anti-Sovietism" led to a rapid reduction of his stature.[9]

Vance working to free hostages in the State Department Operations Center, 1979

Vance's attempt to surreptitiously negotiate a solution to the Iran hostage crisis with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini through the Palestine Liberation Organization failed badly. Believing that diplomatic initiatives could see the hostages safely returned home, Vance initially fought off attempts by Brzezinski to pursue a military solution. Vance, struggling with gout, went to Florida on April 10, 1980, for a long weekend. On April 11, the National Security Council held a newly scheduled meeting and authorized Operation Eagle Claw, a military expedition into Tehran to rescue the hostages. Deputy Secretary Warren Christopher, who attended the meeting in Vance's place, did not inform him.[9] Furious, on April 21 Vance handed in his resignation,[11] calling Brzezinski "evil".[9][12] The only Secretaries of State who had previously resigned in protest were Lewis Cass, who resigned in the buildup to the Civil War, and William Jennings Bryan, who resigned in the buildup to World War I. President Carter aborted the operation after only five of the eight helicopters he had sent into the Dasht-e Kavir desert arrived in operational condition. As U.S. forces prepared to depart from the staging area, a helicopter collided with a transport plane, causing a fire that killed eight servicemen.[9] Vance's resignation was confirmed several days later, and he was replaced by Senator Edmund Muskie. A second rescue mission was planned but never carried out, and the diplomatic efforts to negotiate the release of the hostages were handed over to Deputy Secretary Christopher. The hostages were released during the first inauguration of Ronald Reagan, after 444 days in captivity.[1][13]

Later career in law and as Special Envoy

In 1991, he was named

Z-4, was effectively superseded when Croatian forces retook the Krajina region (Operation Storm
) in 1995.

In January 1993, as the

War in Bosnia. The plan was rejected, and Vance announced his resignation as Special Envoy to the UN Secretary-General. He was replaced by Norwegian Foreign Minister Thorvald Stoltenberg
.

In 1997, he was made the original honorary chair of the American Iranian Council.[14]

Later life and death

Vance was a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.[15][16]

In 1993, Vance was awarded the United States Military Academy's Sylvanus Thayer Award.

In 1995 he again acted as

Republic of Macedonia and Greece. Vance was a member of the Trilateral Commission.[1]

Vance also served on the

Manufacturers Hanover Trust, U.S. Steel, and The New York Times, as a trustee of the Yale Corporation, as chairman of the board of the Rockefeller Foundation, and vice chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations.[1]

Vance suffered for several years from

Arlington, Virginia. His wife Grace died in New York City on March 22, 2008, at the age of 89.[18]

Legacy

He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969.

In 1980, Vance received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.[19]

He received the Freedom Medal in 1993.

The house of Vance's mother, which was known as the

Stealey-Goff-Vance House, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.[20] It is home to the Harrison County Historical Society.[21]

In 1999, Vance was presented the Lifetime Contributions to American Diplomacy Award by the American Foreign Service Association.

In the 2012 movie Argo, he was portrayed by actor Bob Gunton.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Marilyn Berger (13 January 2002). "Cyrus R. Vance, a Confidant Of Presidents, Is Dead at 84". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  2. ^ Bell, William Gardner (1992). "Cyrus Roberts Vance". Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army: Portraits and Biographical Sketches. United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved September 22, 2007.
  3. ^ a b "Birth Record Detail: Cyrus Roberts Vance". West Virginia Vital Research Records. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
  4. ^ "Birth Record Detail: John Carl III Vance". West Virginia Vital Research Records. West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
  5. ^ a b Mihalkanin 2004, p. 512.
  6. ^ a b c d e Bell, William Gardner (1992). ""Cyrus Roberts Vance"". Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army: Portraits and Biographical Sketches. United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved September 22, 2007.
  7. ^ Harbaugh 1973, pp. 389–390.
  8. ^ "The Legacy of Cyrus R. Vance". New York City Bar - Vance Center. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  9. ^ a b c d e Douglas Brinkley (29 December 2002). "THE LIVES THEY LIVED; Out of the Loop". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  10. ^ Goldstein, Richard (2 May 2017). "Malcolm Toon Made Waves as a Diplomat, but His Death Went Largely Unreported". The New York Times. p. B14. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  11. ^ Carter, Jimmy (October 1, 1982). Keeping Faith: Memoirs of a President. Bantam Books. p. 513.
  12. ISBN 9780801448157
    .
  13. ^ "Cyrus R. Vance". chriswallisblog.wordpress.com. Dec 22, 2016. Retrieved Sep 17, 2022.
  14. ^ Khoda Hafez. "A Message from AIC on the Occasion of the New Year". American Iranian Council. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
  15. ^ "Cyrus Roberts Vance". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  16. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2022-03-21.
  17. ^ "Obituary: Cyrus Vance". The Guardian. Jan 14, 2002. Retrieved Sep 17, 2022.
  18. ^ "Vance, Grace Sloane". The New York Times (Paid Notice: Deaths). March 26, 2008. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
  19. ^ "Jefferson Awards Foundation Past Winners". Jefferson Awards Foundation. Archived from the original on 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
  20. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  21. ^ Harrison County Historical Society Archived July 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

Primary sources

External links
Legal offices
Preceded by General Counsel of the Department of Defense
January 29, 1961 – June 30, 1962 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by U.S. Secretary of the Army
Served under: John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson
July 1962 – January 1964 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
1964–1967 		Succeeded by
Preceded by U.S. Secretary of State
Served under: Jimmy Carter
1977–1980 		Succeeded by
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by Chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation
1975 — 1977 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyrus_Vance&oldid=1218988826"