Cyst

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Cysts
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Cyst
mediastinal bronchogenic cyst
SpecialtyPathology, general surgery

A cyst, also traditionally known from

surgically
, but that would depend upon its type and location.

tumor. The body encapsulates those cells to try to prevent them from continuing their division and contain the tumor, which becomes known as a cyst. That said, the cancerous cells still may mutate further and gain the ability to form their own blood vessels, from which they receive nourishment before being contained. Once that happens, the capsule becomes useless, and the tumor may advance from benign
to cancerous.

Some cysts are neoplastic, and thus are called cystic tumors. Many types of cysts are not neoplastic, they are dysplastic or metaplastic. Pseudocysts are similar to cysts in that they have a sac filled with fluid, but lack an epithelial lining.

Terminology

  • microcyst – a small cyst that requires magnification to be seen
  • macrocyst – a cyst that is larger than usual or compared to others

Related structures

A

endothelial
cells).

A syrinx in the spinal cord or brainstem is sometimes inaccurately referred to as a "cyst".

Cysts by location

Female reproductive system

Relative incidences of different types of ovarian cysts[4]

Male reproductive system

Cutaneous and subcutaneous

  • cystic acne
    - an inflammatory nodule with or without an associated epidermoid inclusion cyst
  • cranial
    base or on the arachnoid membrane)
  • Epidermoid cyst
  • Myxoid cyst (cutaneous condition often characterized by nail plate depression and grooves)
  • Pilar cyst
    (cyst of the scalp)
  • Pilonidal cyst
    (skin infection near tailbone)
  • Sebaceous cyst – sac below skin
  • Trichilemmal cyst – same as a pilar cyst, a familial cyst of the scalp

Head and neck

Relative incidence of odontogenic cysts[7]

Chest

Abdomen

  • Liver cysts
  • Adrenal cyst (glands located above the kidneys) - It is a rare disease, affecting 0.06 to 0.18% of autopsy studies. It constitutes 5.4 to 6.0% of adrenal gland diseases. There are five major types of adrenal cysts: simple or endothelial cysts, true or epithelial cysts, pseudocysts, parasitic cysts, and cysts not classified elsewhere. 7% of the cysts can be malignant.[9]
  • Renal cyst (kidneys)
  • Pancreatic cyst[10]
  • Peritoneal inclusion cyst (lining of the abdominal cavity) - It is a cluster of fluid-filled cysts lining the abdominal cavity of reproductive age women with a history of pelvic, abdominal surgeries, or abdominal inflammation. Those affected maybe presented with an abdominal, pelvic, lower back that lasted for months.[11]
  • Enteric duplication cyst[12]

Central nervous system

Musculoskeletal system

Seen in various locations

  • Dermoid cyst (seen in ovaries, testes, and many other locations, from head to tailbone)
  • Ganglion cyst (hand and foot joints and tendons)
  • Mucoid cyst
    (ganglion cysts of the digits)

Infectious cysts

  • Cysticercal cyst – an infection due to the larval stage of Taenia sp. (Crain's backs)
  • tapeworm
    )

Neoplastic cysts

Treatment

Treatment ranges from simple

symptomatic.[15]

Cystic fibrosis

Despite being described in 1938 as "the

microscopic appearance of cysts in the pancreas",[16] cystic fibrosis is an example of a genetic disorder whose name is related to fibrosis of the cystic duct (which serves the gallbladder) and does not involve cysts.[17]

This is just one example of how the Greek root cyst-, which simply means a fluid-filled sac, also is found in medical terms that relate to the

, neither of which involve cysts.

See also

References

External links

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