Cytochrome b
| Cytochrome b, N-terminal transmembrane domain | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCDB 3.D.3 | | ||||||||
| OPM superfamily | 3 | ||||||||
| OPM protein | 3h1j | ||||||||
| CDD | cd00284 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Cytochrome b, C-terminal domain | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cytochrome bc1 complex | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Cytochrom_B_C | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00032 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR005798 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Cytochrome b within both
proton gradient is used for the generation of ATP. These complexes play a vital role in cells.[1][2][3]
Structure and function
b/b6 is an integral
The heme groups are key parts of the internal electron transfer pathway and indespensible to the functioning of the two quinol oxidizing complexes. Two units of b/b6 also form a quinol entry pathway.[4]
Use in phylogenetics
Cytochrome b is commonly used as a region of
phylogenetic relationships between organisms, due to its sequence variability. It is considered to be most useful in determining relationships within families and genera. Comparative studies involving cytochrome b have resulted in new classification schemes and have been used to assign newly described species to a genus as well as to deepen the understanding of evolutionary relationships.[5]
Clinical significance
Mutations in cytochrome b primarily result in exercise intolerance in human patients; though more rare, severe multi-system pathologies have also been reported.[6]
Single-point mutations in cytochrome b of Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei are associated with resistance to the anti-malarial drug atovaquone.[7]
Human genes
Human genes encoding cytochrome b proteins include:
- CYB5A– cytochrome b5 type A (microsomal)
- CYB5B– cytochrome b5 type B (outer mitochondrial membrane)
- CYBASC3 – cytochrome b, ascorbate dependent 3
- MT-CYB – mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b
Fungicide target
Cyt b is targeted by the
Fungicide Resistance Action Committee group 11. The cyt b mutations G143A and F129L provide resistance against the main body of group 11, although G143A does not work against metyltetraprole (11A).[8] G143A is significant in Botrytis cinerea in California strawberry production.[9]
References
- ^ Blankenship, Robert (2009). Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 124–132.
- ^ S2CID 7298013.
- ^ PMID 8329437.
- PMID 33464892.
- PMID 11264397.
- S2CID 13938075.
- PMID 18248769.
- Fungicide Resistance Action Committee) (March 2021). "FRAC Code List ©*2021: Fungal control agents sorted by cross resistance pattern and mode of action (including coding for FRAC Groups on product labels)" (PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
- ^
- Petrasch, Stefan; Knapp, Steven J.; van Kan, Jan A. L.; Blanco-Ulate, Barbara (2019-04-04). "Grey mould of strawberry, a devastating disease caused by the ubiquitous necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea". S2CID 205345358.
- Petrasch, Stefan; Knapp, Steven J.; van Kan, Jan A. L.; Blanco-Ulate, Barbara (2019-04-04). "Grey mould of strawberry, a devastating disease caused by the ubiquitous necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea".
External links
- Cytochromes+b at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)