Cytokine receptor
Cytokine receptors are receptors that bind to cytokines.[1]
In recent years, the cytokine receptors have come to demand the attention of more investigators than cytokines themselves, partly because of their remarkable characteristics, and partly because a deficiency of cytokine receptors has now been directly linked to certain debilitating immunodeficiency states. In this regard, and also because the redundancy and pleiotropy of cytokines are a consequence of their homologous receptors, many authorities are now of the opinion that a classification of cytokine receptors would be more clinically and experimentally useful.
Classification
A classification of cytokine receptors based on their three-dimensional structure has been attempted. (Such a classification, though seemingly cumbersome, provides several unique perspectives for attractive pharmacotherapeutic targets.)
- X-SCID).
- Type II cytokine receptors, whose members are receptors mainly for interferons.
- Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, which are ubiquitously present throughout several cells and tissues of the vertebrate body
- , besides the ligands on which the family is named (TNF).
- G protein coupled receptors.
- TGF beta receptors
Comparison
Type | Examples | Structure | Mechanism |
---|---|---|---|
type I cytokine receptor |
|
Certain conserved motifs in their extracellular amino-acid domain. Connected to Janus kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases. Many have a FN-III superfamily domain and an immunoglobulin-like fold.
|
JAK phosphorylate and activate downstream proteins involved in their signal transduction pathways
|
type II cytokine receptor |
| ||
Many members of the immunoglobulin superfamily |
|
Share structural homology with immunoglobulins (antibodies), cell adhesion molecules, and even some cytokine. Includes with the two classes above. | |
Tumor necrosis factor receptor family
|
cysteine-rich common extracellular binding domain | ||
chemokine receptors | rhodopsin-like receptor[2]
|
G protein-coupled | |
TGF-beta receptor family | Serine/threonine kinase receptors
|
Dimeric TGFBR2 binds to TGFB and phosphorylates TGFBR1, which phosphorylates the SMADs. See TGF beta signaling pathway. |
Solubility
Cytokine receptors may be both membrane-bound and soluble. Soluble cytokine receptors are extremely common regulators of cytokine function. Soluble cytokine receptors typically consist of the extracellular portions of membrane-bound receptors. .[3]
See also
References
- ISBN 9783319273181.
- PMID 28165741.
- ]
External links
- Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction map from KEGG
- Cytokine+receptors at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)