Czartoryski Museum
National museum | |
Director | Jolanta Lenkiewicz |
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Website | Muzeum Czartoryskich |
The Princes Czartoryski Museum (Polish: Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich [muˈzɛ.um ˈkɕɔ̃ʐɔnt t͡ʂartɔˈrɨskʲix]) – often abbreviated to Czartoryski Museum – is a historic museum in Kraków, Poland, and one of the country's oldest museums. The initial collection was formed in 1796 in Puławy by Princess Izabela Czartoryska. The Museum officially opened in 1878.[1] It is now a division of the National Museum in Kraków.
The Puławy collection was partly destroyed after the
The most renowned painting at the Museum is one of Leonardo da Vinci's best-known works, the Lady with an Ermine. Other highlights include two works by Rembrandt; several antiquities, including sculptures; Renaissance tapestries and decorative arts; and paintings by Hans Holbein the Younger, Jacob Jordaens, Luca Giordano, Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Dieric Bouts, Joos van Cleve, Lorenzo Lotto, Lucas Cranach the Younger, Lorenzo Monaco, Andrea Mantegna, Alessandro Magnasco, and the Master of the Female Half-Lengths.
The Museum's main facility closed for restoration in 2010 and reopened in December 2019.[2] During this time, parts of the collection were displayed at other venues.[3]
Royal collections
Princess Izabela Czartoryska founded the museum in Puławy to preserve Polish heritage in keeping with her motto, "The Past to the Future." The first objects in her "Temple of Memory" of 1796 were trophies commemorating the victory against the Turks at the Battle of Vienna in 1683.
The Museum collections feature historical artifacts from the recovered treasures of the
In 1798 Izabela's son, Prince
and in Paris.Upon Prince Adam Jerzy's death, his younger son, Prince
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Carlo Crivelli, Saints Anthony and Lucia (ca. 1470)
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Dieric Bouts, The Annunciation (1475)
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Leonardo da Vinci, Lady with an Ermine (1490)
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Andrea Mantegna, Judith (ca. 1495)
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Vincenzo Catena, Madonna and Child (1510)
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Palma Vecchio, The Holy Family (ca. 1514–1515)
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Jan Mostaert, Portrait of a Courtier (ca. 1520)
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Joos van Cleve, Madonna and Child (ca. 1525–1530)
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Hans Holbein, Portrait of a Man (ca. 1530)
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Antonis Mor, Alfonso d'Avalos (ca. 1530)
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François Clouet, So-called "Don Juan" (ca. 1550)
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Sigismund I of Poland(1553)
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A Satyr Visiting a Peasant(ca. 1620)
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Jan van Kessel, Landscape with a Waterfall and a Castle (ca. 1663–1664)
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Jan Matejko, Poland - The Year 1863 (1864)
Move to Kraków
In 1871, after the
Władysław's son, Prince
Dresden and back
He then travelled to
In 1918, after the war,
In 1931 a large number of important books, archives and objects that had been taken from Puławy by Russians in 1831 - immediately after the November Uprising - were also returned, though most of these were placed in various national depositories.
In 1937, after Prince Adam Ludwik's death, his son Prince
Closure
On September 22, 1939, Prince Agustyn removed what remained of the treasures and took them to his cousin's property in
In 1945, Dr. Hans Frank, German governor of Poland and personal friend of Hitler, brought the paintings from Berlin for his own use at Wawel Castle. But when the Germans evacuated Kraków in January 1945, he took the paintings with him to Silesia and then to his own villa in Neuhaus. The Americans arrested Dr. Frank on May 4, and the Polish representative at the Allies Commission for the Retrieval of Works of Art claimed the stolen paintings on behalf of the Czartoryski Museum. However, the Raphael and 843 other artifacts were missing from the collection.[5] The whereabouts of these works, remain unknown to this day.
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Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs states that it has been known "for years" that the painting survived the war.[6]
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The Mother of God with the Child, 1470s, tempera on panel. Stolen by the Nazis.
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Saint with a Book, 15th century. Stolen for Adolf Hitler's planned Führer Museum in Linz.
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Madonna with Child (triptych), 14th century. Stolen in WWII.
After World War II
After World War II, the Museum was reopened and operated by Poland's communist government. Amid the country's desperate economic situation, the Museum survived thanks largely to the work of Professor
The Library's collections include many extremely important European historical documents: a total of 224,576, including 70,009 books published before 1800, 13,552 manuscripts, and 333
The Museum was administered from 1991 through 2016 by the Princes Czartoryski Foundation, set up for that purpose in 1991 by Prince Adam Karol Czartoryski. It welcomed more than 12,000 visitors a year[when?] and has organized exhibitions in the United States (Washington, D.C.), Italy (Rome, Milan, Florence), the United States (Milwaukee, Huston, San Francisco), Sweden (Malmö, Stockholm), Turkey (Istanbul), Japan (Kyoto, Nagoya, Yokohama), Spain (Royal Palace, Madrid), and the United Kingdom (National Gallery, London). In autumn 2002, the Lady with an Ermine was featured at the Milwaukee Art Museum's tribute to the Splendor of Poland; in 2003 the portrait and other collection items went on to Houston and San Francisco.
In 2010 the Museum closed for repairs and modernization.
In 2016 the collections and Museum building were donated by Prince
The restored museum reopened on December 19, 2019.[10] The restoration was awarded the SARP Award of the Year conferred by the Association of Polish Architects in 2020.[11]
The donation of the Czartoryski Museum to the Polish Nation has been challenged by Prince Adam Karol's daughter Tamara, leading in 2018 to intrafamilial litigation between Adam Karol and his daughter.[12][13][14][15]
See also
- Culture of Kraków
- National Museum, Kraków
- EUROPEUM - European Culture Centre
- Mold of the Earth
- Royal Casket
- Poland - The Year 1863
References
- ISBN 1-84331-273-5.
- ^ ""The Lady is back!". Po blisko dekadzie królowa polskich muzeów wróciła na swoje miejsce". Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ a b "Princes Czartoryski Museum in Krakow | Muzeum Czartoryskich". www.krakow-info.com. Retrieved Apr 27, 2020.
- ^ "Shakespeare's Chair and the Polish Princess – European Romanticisms in Association".
- ^ "History of The Czartoryski Museum". Czartoryski.org. Archived from the original on 2007-04-07. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland. "MSZ: nie mamy informacji, gdzie jest "Portret młodzieńca" Rafaela, depesza PAP 01.08.2012" [Communiqué of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: we have no new information about the painting]. MSZ in the Media (in Polish). Polish Press Agency. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
[Rafael's "Portrait of a Young Man" was not destroyed, as has been known[…]for years]
- ^ "What the sale of the Czartoryski collection says about Poland today". Apollo Magazine. Feb 27, 2017. Retrieved Apr 27, 2020.
- ISSN 0362-4331– via www.nytimes.com.
- ^ Deja, Maciej (2016-12-29). "Zbiory Czartoryskich kupione przez państwo za 100 mln euro". Portal I.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2019-04-21.
- ^ "Kraków reopens Czartoryski Museum". www.thefirstnews.com. Retrieved Apr 27, 2020.
- ^ "Nagrody Roku SARP 2020 rozdane. Oto laureaci i ich wyjątkowe projekty!". propertydesign.pl (in Polish). 21 October 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ "Tamara Czartoryska poszła z rodziną na wojnę. Ojciec starszy córkę procesem". Newsweek.pl (in Polish). 26 April 2018. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
- ^ Gazur, Łukasz (2018-05-16). "Nowe fakty w sprawie Czartoryskich. Adam Karol Czartoryski pozywa córkę Tamarę. Ona ujawnia nowe informacje". Dziennik Polski (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-07-06.
- ^ Szymański, Damian (2018-05-13). "Adam Czartoryski nie wytrzymał. Składa pozew przeciwko córce Tamarze. "Zrobił to z ciężkim sercem"". Business Insider (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-07-06.
- ^ ""Nienawidzi Polski i Polaków". Tamara Czartoryska pozwana przez ojca". www.tvp.info (in Polish). 14 May 2018. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
External links
Media related to Czartoryski Museum at Wikimedia Commons