History of the Jews in the Czech lands
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Židé v Českých zemích Juden der böhmischen Länder (יהדות בוהמיה (צ'כיה בעמישע יידן | |
---|---|
Ukrainian Jews |
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1921 | 35,699 | — |
1930 | 37,093 | +3.9% |
1991 | 218 | −99.4% |
2011 | 521 | +139.0% |
2021 | 2,349 | +350.9% |
Source: [2][3][4] |
The history of the Jews in the
Jewish Prague
Jews are believed to have settled in
Austro-Hungarian Empire
As part of inter-war
First Czechoslovak Republic
During the 1890s, most Jews were German-speaking and considered themselves Germans.[11][12][13] By the 1930s, German-speaking Jews had been numerically overtaken by Czech-speaking Jews;[14] Zionism also made inroads among the Jews of the periphery (Moravia and the Sudetenland).[15] In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, thousands of Jews came to Prague from small villages and towns in Bohemia, leading to the urbanization of Bohemian Jewish society.[16] Of the 10 million inhabitants of pre-1938 Bohemia and Moravia, Jews composed only about 1% (117,551). Most Jews lived in large cities such as Prague (35,403 Jews, who made up 4.2% of the population), Brno (11,103, 4.2%), and Ostrava (6,865, 5.5%).[17]
The Holocaust
In contrast to
It is estimated that of the 118,310 Jews living in the
Today
Prague has the most vibrant Jewish community in the entire country. Several synagogues operate on a regular basis, there are three kindergartens, a Jewish day school, two retirement homes, five kosher restaurants, two
There are ten small Jewish communities around the country (seven in Bohemia and three in Moravia), the largest one being in Prague, where close to 90% of all Czech Jews live. The umbrella organisation for Jewish communities and organisations in the country is the Federation of Jewish Communities (Federace židovských obcí, FŽO). Services are regularly held in Prague, Brno, Olomouc, Teplice, Liberec, Plzeň, and Karlovy Vary, and irregularly in some other cities.
See also
- Czech Republic–Israel relations
- History of the Jews in Czechoslovakia
- List of Czech and Slovak Jews
- History of the Jews in Slovakia
- History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
- Ethnic minorities in Czechoslovakia
References
- ^ "SLDB 2021: Obyvatelstvo podle národnosti, jednotek věku a pohlaví". Public Database (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
- ^ "YIVO | Czechoslovakia". Yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2013-04-16.
- ^ "YIVO | Population and Migration: Population since World War I". Yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 2013-04-16.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "The Jews of the Czech Republic". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. Archived from the original on 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2018-06-24.
- ^ "The Golem, Temple Emanu-El, San Jose". Templesanjose.org. Archived from the original on 2013-09-16. Retrieved 2013-04-16.
- ^ Prague, The Virtual Jewish History Tour
- ^ "The Jews and Jewish Communities of Bohemia in the past and present". Jewishgen.org. 2013-04-02. Retrieved 2013-04-16.
- ^ "Czech Synagogues and Cemeteries". Isjm.org. 2003-01-04. Archived from the original on 2010-04-07. Retrieved 2013-04-16.
- ^ "The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia". Ushmm.org. Retrieved 2013-04-16.
- ^ a b Čapková 2012, p. 22.
- ^ Rothkirchen 2006, p. 18.
- ^ Gruner 2015, p. 99.
- ^ Čapková 2012, p. 152.
- ^ Čapková 2012, p. 250.
- ^ Čapková 2012, pp. 17, 24–25.
- ^ Gruner 2015, p. 101.
- ^ Gruner 2015, p. 100.
- ^ Čapková 2012, p. 25.
- ^ Čapková 2012, p. 24.
- ^ Rothkirchen 2006, pp. 27–28.
- ^ Čapková 2012, pp. 16, 22.
- ^ Rothkirchen 2006, p. 34.
- ^ Rothkirchen 2006, p. 49.
- ISBN 9780819165770.
- ^ "Most Czechs don't believe in God".
Sources
- Čapková, Kateřina (2012). Czechs, Germans, Jews?: National Identity and the Jews of Bohemia. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-0-85745-475-1.
- Gruner, Wolf (2015). "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia". In Gruner, Wolf; Osterloh, Jörg (eds.). The Greater German Reich and the Jews: Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935-1945. War and Genocide. Translated by Heise, Bernard. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 99–135. ISBN 978-1-78238-444-1.
- ISBN 978-0803205024.
Further reading
- Čapková, Kateřina; Kieval, Hillel J., eds. (2021). Prague and Beyond: Jews in the Bohemian Lands. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-9959-5.
- David, Zdenek V. (1996). "Hajek, Dubravius, and the Jews: A Contrast in Sixteenth-Century Czech Historiography". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 27 (4): 997–1013. JSTOR 2543905.
- Gleixner, Johannes (2020). "Standard-bearers of Hussitism or Agents of Germanization?". Jews and Protestants: From the Reformation to the Present. De Gruyter. pp. 137–160. S2CID 216337230.
- Kieval, Hillel J. (1988). The making of Czech Jewry: national conflict and Jewish society in Bohemia, 1870-1918. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-504057-9.
- Kieval, Hillel J. (2000). Languages of Community: The Jewish Experience in the Czech Lands. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21410-1.
- Labendz, Jacob Ari (2017). "Synagogues for sale: Jewish-State mutuality in the communist Czech lands, 1945–1970". Jewish Culture and History. 18 (1): 54–78. S2CID 159614300.
- Sewering-Wollanek, Marlis; Belcher, Mark (2008). "The Rediscovery of the Jews: Czech History Books since 1989". Osteuropa. 58 (8/10): 289–299. JSTOR 44934294.
- Szabó, Miloslav (2016). "Antijüdische Provokationen". S: I.M.O.N. Shoah: Intervention. Methods. Documentation. 3 (1): 132–135. ISSN 2408-9192.
- Vobecká, Jana (2013). Demographic Avant-Garde: Jews in Bohemia between the Enlightenment and the Shoah. Central European University Press. ISBN 978-615-5225-33-8.
- Wein, Martin (2015). History of the Jews in the Bohemian Lands. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-30127-6.