2013 Czech parliamentary election

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2013 Czech parliamentary election

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2010
25–26 October 2013
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All 200 seats in the
Chamber of Deputies

101 seats needed for a majority
Turnout59.44% (Decrease3.11pp)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Bohuslav Sobotka Andrej Babiš Vojtěch Filip
Party
ČSSD
ANO KSČM
Last election 22.09%, 56 seats Did not exist 11.27%, 26 seats
Seats won 50 47 33
Seat change Decrease6 New Increase7
Popular vote 1,016,829 927,240 741,044
Percentage 20.46% 18.66% 14.91%
Swing Decrease1.63pp New Increase3.64pp

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Karel Schwarzenberg Miroslava Němcová Tomio Okamura
Party TOP 09 ODS
Dawn
Last election 16.71%, 41 seats 20.22%, 53 seats Did not exist
Seats won 26 16 14
Seat change Decrease15 Decrease37 New
Popular vote 596,357 384,174 342,339
Percentage 12.00% 7.73% 6.89%
Swing Decrease4.71pp Decrease12.49pp New

  Seventh party
 
Leader Pavel Bělobrádek
Party KDU-ČSL
Last election 4.39%, 0 seats
Seats won 14
Seat change Increase14
Popular vote 336,970
Percentage 6.78%
Swing Increase2.39pp


Prime Minister before election

Jiří Rusnok

Independent

Prime Minister after election

Bohuslav Sobotka

ČSSD

Early parliamentary elections were held in the

parliament
's four-year legislative term.

The government

elected in May 2010 led by Prime Minister Petr Nečas was forced to resign on 17 June 2013, after a corruption and bribery scandal. A caretaker government led by Prime Minister Jiří Rusnok was then appointed by the President, but narrowly lost a vote of confidence on 7 August, leading to its resignation six days later.[1] The Chamber of Deputies then passed a motion of dissolution on 20 August, requiring new elections to be called within 60 days of presidential assent.[2][3] The President gave his assent on 28 August, scheduling the elections for 25 and 26 October 2013.[4]

The two parties gaining the most seats were the

Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party
.

Background

The

centre-right coalition government consisting of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), TOP 09 and Public Affairs (VV), with 118 seats, led by Prime Minister Petr Nečas
.

On 22 April 2012, after a split in VV related to corruption accusations against the party leadership (especially

On 17 June 2013, Prime Minister Petr Nečas resigned after a

vote of confidence required by the constitution to take place after 30 days in office, then he would give the ODS-led coalition a second attempt to form a government, provided it could still submit at least 101 signatures of support from MPs.[17]

On 7 August 2013, Jiří Rusnok's caretaker government lost the confidence vote in parliament by 93 to 100 votes, with 7 abstentions. A simple majority was required to unseat the government, which was supported by all MPs from ODS, TOP09 and LIDEM (except two ODS MPs and Karolína Peake of LIDEM, who broke the party line by abstaining).[18] The two dissenting ODS MPs, who were both expelled from the party a few hours after the vote, explained their decision by stating that ODS needed a period of self-reflection in opposition in order to win the municipal elections in 2014.[19]

Karolína Peake resigned as leader of LIDEM after the vote,[20][21] and TOP 09 stated that due to a lack of support for a reformed ODS‑TOP09‑LIDEM government, as indicated by the results of the confidence vote,[22] they would withdraw their support for this coalition, in favour of early elections. ČSSD and the Communist Party (KSČM) also supported early elections.[23][24][25]

Though the constitution of the Czech Republic allows the president two attempts to appoint someone to form a new government, there is no time limit. As such, in theory the caretaker government could be allowed by the president to continue in its interim capacity until new elections took place, despite having lost the confidence vote. The end of the legislative term was scheduled to be May 2014, unless the parliament was dissolved before that date.[25] Nevertheless, the caretaker government decided voluntarily to resign on 13 August 2013, with immediate effect, and the parliament convened on 20 August to decide whether to dissolve the parliament and call for new elections within 60 days, or to request that the president again appoint someone to form a new government.[1]

A vote on dissolution of the parliament was scheduled to take place at 14:00 on 20 August. The four parties who had stated their support for the motion (TOP 09, ČSSD, KSČM and VV[26]) together held more than the 60% majority (120 seats) required to pass the motion of dissolution, according to article 35(2) of the constitution.[27][28] On 20 August, the parliament approved the motion of dissolution by 140 to 7.[2][3] The president gave his assent for the dissolution of the parliament on 28 August, and scheduled the elections for 25‑26 October 2013.[4]

Incumbent parliament

The distribution of seats in the Chamber of Deputies on 20 August 2013, immediately before the parliament was dissolved, was as follows:

Distribution of seats in Chamber of Deputies On 20 August 2013[3]
ČSSD
Czech Social Democratic Party
54
ODS Civic Democratic Party 48
TOP09 TOP 09 42
KSČM Communist Party 26
VV Public Affairs 11
LIDEM
Liberal Democrats
8*[10]
LEV 21 – NS
LEV 21 – National Socialists (Jiří Paroubek and Petr Benda)[29]
2[10]
Úsvit
Dawn of Direct Democracy[30]
(Radim Fiala)
1[10]
PSZ Pro Sport and Health[31] (Josef Dobeš)[32] 1[33]
JIH 12 Jihočeši 2012[34] (South Bohemian Regional Party: Michal Doktor)[35] 1[36]
Independents
6

* Three of these eight members (

independents who worked with the LIDEM parliamentary group.[37][38]

Parties contesting the election

  • VAT for medicine and payment for consultations with doctors; more police to be employed in high crime areas; and implementation of a new Civil Service Act.[40]
  • parliamentary democracy is the issue".[41] On 12 September, the party published its campaign platform, including: curbing the powers of the president; setting a time-frame for adoption of the Euro; boosting the role of education and culture in society; and encouraging greater individual responsibility for living a healthy life.[42]
  • ODS, now led by Miroslava Němcová, published its election manifesto on 11 September, mainly targeting middle class and young voters, with support for under-30s to buy their first home and measures to make it easier for them to start their own business.[43]
  • ODS renegades led by ODS MP
    Sovereignty Party (SBB), Heal Our Politics (Czech: Uzdravme Naší Politiku) (UNP), Jihočeši 2012 [cs] (JIH12), the ultra-conservative initiative Akce D.O.S.T. [cs] (Trust, Objectivity, Freedom, Tradition), former ODS members including Michal Doktor and Boris Šťastny, and conservative independent politicians.[48] The political program duplicated the previous program of SBB, including promises to: disengage the Czech Republic from the obligation to adopt the euro; strengthen support for traditional families; and not implement a budgetary debt brake law.[49]
  • LIDEM deputy leader Dagmar Navrátilová stated that the party would probably try to form a partnership with another party for the elections.[50][51][52] Former leader Karolína Peake said she would remain a member of the party, but recommended that the party should not participate in the parliamentary elections, but instead focus on the following year's municipal elections and the European Parliament election.[53] Three weeks later, the party announced that it would not participate in the parliamentary elections, but would allow members to run for the center-right Freeholder Party.[54]
  • The Freeholder Party of the Czech Republic (SSCR), a centre-right party formed in 2008 and led by Rostislav Senjuk [cs], stood lists in all 14 regions, featuring members from other centre-right parties,[55] including LIDEM. The focus of the party's campaign was opposition to progressive taxes, which they said punish diligence for privately employed citizens.[56]
  • Dawn of Direct Democracy.[57][58] Three VV MPs, including vice president Michal Babák, resigned from their party positions in protest, while announcing that they would continue being members of the party, but focus on running in the following year's municipal and regional elections.[59]
  • Dawn of Direct Democracy leader Tomio Okamura announced that his party would be running in all regions, funded by his personal money, and that candidates from VV and other organisations could join the party's lists if they shared the values of the party.[60] Their candidates included former ODS MP Radim Fiala. Its campaign platform included: the introduction of a presidential system of government; the provision of social benefits only for those "who live an upright life"; stricter immigration policies; and a reduction of VAT.[61]
  • Party of Civic Rights – Zemanovci (SPOZ), with the main political objective of promoting greater funding for sporting activities.[62] On 3 September, Dobeš announced that he had resigned as chairman of PSZ, and that its committee had approved his proposal for the entire party to join SPOZ for the elections.[63]
  • Party of Civic Rights – Zemanovci (SPOZ), led by Zdeněk Štengl, was founded in October 2009 by the former leader of ČSSD Miloš Zeman as a social democratic alternative to ČSSD. When Zeman was elected as president in January 2013, he made a pledge not to interfere in party politics while in office, but SPOZ continued to use his name and political support in their election campaign.[64]
  • National Socialists – Left of the 21st century (LEV 21), founded in October 2011 and led by the former leader of ČSSD Jiří Paroubek and former ČSSD MP Petr Benda [cs], published a 20-point political program on 1 September, focused on economic development, anti-corruption measures, welfare and public spending increases, and measures to reduce the cost of living.[65] In protest at an alleged lack of media coverage relative to the party's support in polls, Paroubek withdrew his candidacy on 13 September, stating that LEV 21 would still participate in the elections with his support.[66][67]
  • ANO 2011, a party led by Andrej Babiš and described as centre-right, stood candidates in all regions, with a program focusing on fighting unemployment, improving transport infrastructure, and abolition of immunity and equity returns for politicians and their families. The party ruled out any political collaboration with the Communist Party (KSČM).[68]
  • The Czech Pirate Party announced that they would focus on three principles: free access to information, democratic reform of the state, and education.
  • The
    KDU–ČSL lists. When these negotiations failed, the party decided not to stand in the elections.[71]
  • The Roma Democratic Party (RDS), a left-wing party founded in August 2013 to represent Czech Roma people and led by Miroslav Tancoš, published a political program focusing on promoting the interests of poor Roma people, in particular support for single mothers, pensioners, the ill, and the unemployed, and equal access for Roma children in elementary schools. By 3 September, the party had gathered enough candidates to run in four regions, and through advertisement for additional candidates they still hoped being able to run in all of the 14 Czech regions.[72] Tancoš stated the party was not only working to improve conditions for the Roma minority, but also wanted to help find solutions to the political and economic problems facing the Czech Republic.[73]
  • slim state, dissolution of 26 offices, a referendum on leaving the European Union, citizens' veto and the reduction of bureaucracy. Their election was "Less state, more to citizens!" (Czech: Méně státu, více občanům!).[74]

Campaign finances

Party Money Spent
ANO 100,000,000[75]
ČSSD
90,000,000 Kč[76]
TOP 09 55,000,000 Kč[76]
ODS 38,000,000 Kč[76]
KDU-ČSL
30,000,000 Kč[76]
SPO 25,000,000 Kč[76]
ÚSVIT
15,000,000 Kč[77]
SZ 13,000,000 Kč[76]
KSČM 11,300,000[76]
Svobodní
3,000,000[76]
Piráti 300,000 Kč[76]

Opinion polls

Published Company
ČSSD
ODS TOP 09
STAN
KSČM
ÚSVIT
(VV
)
KDU
ČSL
SPOZ
HV
SZ DSSS PIRÁTI ANO others turnout
29 May 2010
Previous election
22.08 20.22 16.70 11.27 10.88 4.39 4.33 3.67 2.44 1.14 0.80 2.85 62.6
10 September 2013[78] TNS Aisa 28.0 9.5 13.0 15.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 <2 5.0 2.0 7.0 4.5
11 September 2013[79] Médea 27.4 9.9 10.2 15.7 9.1 4.7 4.1 1.6 3.2 2.0 13.1 1.0 70.0
12 September 2013[80] Sanep 26.2 9.9 13.9 16.2 3.7 5.2 6.9 3.3 6.1 9.8 56.2
16 September 2013[81] STEM 30.0 11.0 12.0 15.0 2.3 5.5 7.4 1.0 2.7 1.3 7.7 3.3 59.0
19 September 2013[82] ppm factum 26.2 8.0 13.8 16.7 2.5 6.7 5.1 1.7 2.3 10.9 6.1 52.7
24 September 2013[83] CVVM 30.5 7.0 12.5 19.5 2.5 4.5 5.5 2.0 14.0 2.0 62.0
26 September 2013[84] TNS Aisa 29.0 9.0 10.5 14.5 5.0 5.5 4.0 3.0 11.0 8.0
27 September 2013[85] STEM 28.0 12.5 11.0 17.0 2.5 5.5 5.5 1.0 3.3 10.0 4.1 65.0
6 October 2013[86] TNS Aisa 29.0 8.5 9.5 11.0 4.5 6.5 5.0 3.5 13.0 9.5
13 October 2013[87] TNS Aisa 28.5 6.5 11.0 12.5 5.0 6.0 4.5 3.5 2.0 12.5 8.0
14 October 2013[88] ppm factum 22.8 7.2 13.2 17.1 3.7 5.9 4.7 <2 3.7 <2 <2 12.1 9.6 62.6
16 October 2013[89] Médea 22.2 5.5 9.6 11.8 8.2 6.2 3.7 2.9 2.3 3.1 16.9 7.7 71.0
18 October 2013[90] STEM 25.9 8.6 11.5 13.3 5.9 4.5 2.6 1.0 2.6 0.7 3.1 16.1 4.2 67.0
19 October 2013[91] Median 25.5 8.0 13.0 16.0 4.0 6.0 5.0 3.0 2.0 13.0 2.0 60.0
20 October 2013[92] TNS Aisa 23.0 7.0 10.5 14.0 6.0 6.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 16.0 8.0
21 October 2013[93] CVVM 26.0 6.5 9.0 18.0 5.0 5.0 3.5 2.0 2.5 16.5 6.0 63.0
21 October 2013[94] Sanep 23.8 7.5 11.9 16.9 5.3 5.7 5.2 3.5 3.1 11.6 5.5 59.3

Overseas voters

Following a random draw carried out by the State Election Committee, Czechs voting abroad who did not have permanent residency in the country would be included as voters in the Central Bohemian Region.[95]

Results

Czech Social Democratic Party
1,016,82920.46−1.6250−6
ANO 2011927,24018.66New47New
Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia741,04414.91+3.6433+7
TOP 09596,35712.00−4.7026−15
Civic Democratic Party384,1747.73−12.5016−37
Dawn of Direct Democracy342,3396.89New14New
KDU-ČSL336,9706.78+2.3914+14
Green Party159,0253.20+0.7400
Czech Pirate Party132,4172.66+1.8600
Party of Free Citizens122,5642.47+1.7500
Party of Civic Rights – Zemanovci75,1131.51−2.8200
Workers' Party of Social Justice42,9060.86−0.2400
Political Change Movement28,5920.58New0New
Head Up – Electoral Bloc21,2410.43New0New
Sovereignty – Party of Common Sense13,5380.27−3.4000
Freeholder Party of the Czech Republic13,0410.26New0New
Koruna Česká8,9320.18+0.1100
National Socialists – Left of the 21st century3,8430.08New0New
Active Independent Citizens1,2370.02New0New
Right Bloc1,2250.02New00
Roma Democratic Party6090.01New0New
Citizens 20114550.01New0New
Club of Committed Non-Party Members2930.01+0.000New
Total4,969,984100.002000
Valid votes4,969,98499.26
Invalid/blank votes37,2280.74
Total votes5,007,212100.00
Registered voters/turnout8,424,22759.44
Source: Volby

Aftermath

ČSSD internal conflict

Following the election, ČSSD said they were open to talks with all parties about the formation of a government.[96] ANO leader Babis said he could imagine supporting a ČSSD-led government, whether in a coalition or supporting a ČSSD minority government from opposition, but that it was not his preferred option, as he opposed ČSSD proposals for tax increases. He also indicated that he would seek to become Minister of Finance in any coalition cabinet.[97]

Immediately after the elections, two factions emerged in the ČSSD,[citation needed] one supporting chairman Bohuslav Sobotka and the other led by Michal Hašek, ČSSD's leader in Moravia. Hašek, with support from President Miloš Zeman, issued a statement calling for Bohuslav Sobotka to resign as party chairman. ČSSD leaders had already appointed Hašek as the lead negotiator in coalition talks due to take place with other parties. A few days previously, Michal Hašek had declared his loyalty to Sobotka, and endorsed him as leader of ČSSD. ČSSD members organized meetings and rallies against Hašek, and Sobotka compared Hašek to Zdeněk Fierlinger, ČSSD's pro-Communist leader from 1948 who forced the party to merge with the Communist regime.[98][99] Sobotka was supported by Jiří Dienstbier Jr., the party's most recent presidential candidate, while Hašek was supported by party figures including Jeroným Tejc and Lubomír Zaorálek.[citation needed] According to opinion polls, the situation was perceived by the public as an attempted leadership coup.[citation needed] Subsequently, Hašek and his allies, in the face of popular and party support for Bohuslav Sobotka, resigned their positions within the party and lost influence. A new negotiation team was formed, led by Bohuslav Sobotka, to negotiate with ANO and KDU-ČSL.[citation needed]

Government formation

On 11 November, ČSSD began coalition talks with ANO and KDU-ČSL. All parties agreed on progressive taxation, abolition of the previous government's social reforms and a law about property origin. However, disagreement remained between ČSSD and KDU-ČSL regarding church restitution.[100][101]

In late December 2013, leaders of ČSSD, ANO and KDU-ČSL announced that they had reached an agreement on a coalition government. The coalition agreement was signed on 6 January 2014. The parties also agreed on a cabinet,

Bohuslav Sobotka's Cabinet
was sworn in on 29 January 2014.

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