D
D | |
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D d | |
Usage | |
Writing system | Latin language |
Phonetic usage |
|
Time period | ~-700 to present |
Descendants |
|
Sisters |
|
Other | |
Other letters commonly used with | d(x) |
Associated numbers | 4 |
Writing direction | Left-to-Right |
ISO basic Latin alphabet |
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AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz |
D, or d, is the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is dee (pronounced /ˈdiː/), plural dees.[1]
History
Egyptian hieroglyph door, fish |
Phoenician daleth |
Western Greek Delta |
Etruscan D |
Latin D | ||||||
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|
The
The
Use in writing systems
Languages in italics are not usually written using the Latin alphabet | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Language | Dialect(s) | Pronunciation (IPA) | Environment | Notes |
Mandarin Chinese | Standard | / t /
|
Pinyin romanization | |
English | / d /
|
|||
French | / d /
|
Sometimes silent word-finally | ||
German | / t /
|
See German orthography | ||
Portuguese | / d /
|
|||
Spanish | / d /
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|||
Turkish | / d /
|
English
In
D is the tenth most frequently used letter in the English language.
Other languages
In most languages that use the Latin alphabet, ⟨d⟩ generally represents the
In the Vietnamese alphabet, it represents the sound /z/ in northern dialects or /j/ in southern dialects. (See D with stroke and Dz (digraph).)
In Fijian it represents a prenasalized stop /ⁿd/.[7]
In some languages where
Other systems
In the
Other uses
- In the hexadecimal (base 16) numbering system, D is a number that corresponds to the number 13 in decimal (base 10) counting.[8]
- The
- Unit prefix d, meaning one tenth.
- D is the grade below C but above E/F in the school grading system.
- D is the International vehicle registration code for Germany (see also .de).
- In Cantonese: Because the lack of Unicode CJK support in early computer systems, many Hong Kongers and Singaporeans used the capitalized D to represent 啲 (lit. a little).[10]
- In the Gregory-Aland system for cataloging Biblical manuscripts, D can refer to documents in the Western text-type tradition, either Codex Bezae or Codex Claromontanus.
- d. is the standard abbreviation for the Latin: denarius)
Related characters
- Ɖ ɖ : African D
- Ð ð : Latin letter Eth
- D with
- Phonetic symbols related to D:
- Symbols related to D used in the IPA: ɖ ɗ
- Symbols related to D used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet: ᴅ ᴰ ᵈ[12]
- Superscript IPA letters: 𐞋 𐞌 𐞍[13]
- Other phonetic symbols related to D: ᶑ[16]
- Ƌ ƌ : D with topbar
- 𝼥 : D with mid-height left hook - Used by the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 20th century for romanization of the Malayalam language.[17]
- Ꝺ ꝺ : Insular D is used in various phonetic contexts[18]
Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets
- 𐤃 : Semitic letter Dalet, from which the following symbols originally derive
Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations
- ₫ : Đồng sign
- ⅆ : Unicode symbol for d used as derivative symbol
- ∂ : the partial derivative symbol,
Other representations
Computing
These are the code points for the forms of the letter in various systems
Preview | D | d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D | LATIN SMALL LETTER D | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 68 | U+0044 | 100 | U+0064 |
UTF-8 | 68 | 44 | 100 | 64 |
Numeric character reference | D |
D |
d |
d |
EBCDIC family | 196 | C4 | 132 | 84 |
ASCII 1 | 68 | 44 | 100 | 64 |
- 1 Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.
Other
NATO phonetic
|
Morse code |
Delta |
ⓘ |
Signal flag | Flag semaphore | American manual alphabet (ASL fingerspelling) | British manual alphabet (BSL fingerspelling )
|
Braille dots-145 Unified English Braille |
In British Sign Language (BSL), the letter 'd' is indicated by signing with the right hand held with the index and thumb extended and slightly curved, and the tip of the thumb and finger held against the extended index of the left hand.
References
- ^ "D" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "dee", op. cit.
- ^ "The letter D". issuu. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2021-07-06.
- ^ a b "Definition of DELTA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
- ^ "Latin Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-12-26.
- ^ Rex Wallace (2008) 𐌆𐌉𐌙 𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌍𐌀 𐌀 Zikh Rasna: A Manual of the Etruscan Language and Inscriptions
- ^ "Introduction to Old English". lrc.la.utexas.edu. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
- ISBN 0-8248-1898-9.
- ^ "Hexadecimal Number System | There are Many Ways to Write Numbers". u.osu.edu. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
- ISBN 9780520038981. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
roman numerals.
- ^ "The Roman Alphabet in Cantonese". University of Pennsylvania. March 23, 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ Everson, Michael; Lilley, Chris (2019-05-26). "L2/19-179: Proposal for the addition of four Latin characters for Gaulish" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-06-13.
- ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-08-19.
- ^ Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (2020-11-08). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-30.
- ^ Cook, Richard; Everson, Michael (2001-09-20). "L2/01-347: Proposal to add six phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-08-19.
- ^ Constable, Peter (2003-09-30). "L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-08-19.
- ^ a b Constable, Peter (2004-04-19). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-08-19.
- ^ Miller, Kirk; Rees, Neil (2021-07-16). "L2/21-156: Unicode request for legacy Malayalam" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-09-07.
- ^ Everson, Michael (2006-08-06). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-08-19.