Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf | |
---|---|
Benrath Palace | |
Location of Düsseldorf Rhine-Ruhr) | |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 40210-40629 |
Dialling codes | 0211, 0203, 02104 |
Vehicle registration | D |
Website | www |
Düsseldorf (
The
The -dorf suffix means "village" in German (English cognate: thorp); its use is unusual for a settlement as large as Düsseldorf. Linguistically, Düsseldorf is the largest city in the German part of the Low Franconian area, dialects that are closely related to Dutch. Düsseldorf Airport is Germany's fourth-busiest airport, serving as the most important international airport for the population of the densely populated Ruhr, Germany's largest urban area.
There are 22 institutions of higher education in the city including the
History
Early development
When the Roman Empire was strengthening its position throughout Europe, a few Germanic tribes clung on in marshy territory off the eastern banks of the Rhine.[15] In the 7th and 8th centuries, the odd farming or fishing settlement could be found at the point where the small river Düssel flows into the Rhine. It was from such settlements that the city of Düsseldorf grew.
The first written mention of Düsseldorf (then called Dusseldorp in the local
The Archbishop of Cologne's forces were wiped out by the forces of the count of
A
Under the art-loving
World War I
During
Weimar Republic
In 1920, Düsseldorf became the centre of the General Strike. On 15 April 1920, 45 delegates of the German Miners Union were murdered by the Freikorps.[18]
World War II
The Rabbi of the Düsseldorf Jewish Community fled to the Netherlands and died in KZ
German Federal Republic
In 1946, Düsseldorf was made capital of the new federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city's reconstruction proceeded at a frantic pace and the economic transformation guided Düsseldorf's economic growth.[citation needed]
Geography
Physical geography
Düsseldorf lies at the centre of the
Düsseldorf is built entirely on
Adjacent cities and districts
The following districts and cities border Düsseldorf (clockwise starting from the north): the City of Duisburg, the District of Mettmann (Ratingen, Mettmann, Erkrath, Hilden, Langenfeld, and Monheim), and the District of Neuss (Dormagen, Neuss, and Meerbusch).
Climate
The city has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb, mild in relation to East Germany).[21] Like the rest of the lower Rhineland, Düsseldorf experiences moderate winters with little snowfall and mild to warm summers. The average annual temperature is 11.0 °C (52 °F) with an average yearly precipitation of 751 millimetres (30 in). The dominant wind direction is from the west with velocities in the range of 3 to 4 m/s (7–9 mph), with gusts of 3.5 −4.8 m/s (8–10.7 mph). The wind is calm (defined as being under 2 m/s or 4.5 mph) about 35% of the time, more frequently at night and in the winter.[22][23]
Climate data for Düsseldorf (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.4 (61.5) |
21.0 (69.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
28.8 (83.8) |
33.8 (92.8) |
36.8 (98.2) |
40.7 (105.3) |
38.5 (101.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
40.7 (105.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
7.2 (45.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.5 (72.5) |
24.7 (76.5) |
24.2 (75.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.9 (44.4) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
4.2 (39.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) |
0.7 (33.3) |
2.6 (36.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.7 (53.1) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.7 (56.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
3.9 (39.0) |
1.5 (34.7) |
6.7 (44.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.8 (−5.4) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
2.4 (36.3) |
4.8 (40.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 61.5 (2.42) |
56.5 (2.22) |
54.1 (2.13) |
46.4 (1.83) |
61.1 (2.41) |
65.7 (2.59) |
73.2 (2.88) |
77.0 (3.03) |
60.3 (2.37) |
61.2 (2.41) |
63.8 (2.51) |
70.0 (2.76) |
750.7 (29.56) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 17.5 | 15.9 | 16.1 | 12.5 | 13.9 | 14.1 | 14.6 | 14.7 | 14.2 | 15.5 | 17.2 | 18.8 | 185.1 |
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 3.4 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 8.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
81.6 | 78.6 | 73.5 | 68.2 | 68.5 | 69.3 | 68.8 | 70.8 | 76.5 | 80.5 | 83.6 | 84.3 | 75.4 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 56.9 | 73.1 | 125.0 | 172.6 | 202.0 | 199.3 | 208.2 | 193.9 | 149.5 | 109.8 | 62.5 | 47.1 | 1,610.6 |
Source 1: NOAA[24]
| |||||||||||||
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst [25] |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1555 | 3,500 | — |
1703 | 7,000 | +100.0% |
1800 | 12,102 | +72.9% |
1871 | 69,365 | +473.2% |
1895 | 175,985 | +153.7% |
1905 | 253,274 | +43.9% |
1919 | 407,338 | +60.8% |
1925 | 432,633 | +6.2% |
1933 | 498,600 | +15.2% |
1939 | 541,410 | +8.6% |
1950 | 500,516 | −7.6% |
1956 | 654,850 | +30.8% |
1961 | 703,255 | +7.4% |
1970 | 662,809 | −5.8% |
1980 | 590,479 | −10.9% |
1990 | 575,794 | −2.5% |
2000 | 569,364 | −1.1% |
2010 | 588,735 | +3.4% |
2015 | 612,178 | +4.0% |
2019 | 621,877 | +1.6% |
2022 | 653,253 | +5.0% |
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. Source:[26] |
Largest groups of foreign residents | |
Nationality | Population (31.12.2022) |
---|---|
Turkey | 12,707 |
Greece | 10,388 |
Poland | 9,316 |
Japan | 8,329 |
Italy | 7,799 |
Ukraine | 7,566 |
Syria | 5,230 |
Romania | 4,856 |
Morocco | 4,741 |
Spain | 4,477 |
Russia | 4,430 |
China | 4,175 |
North Macedonia | 3,842 |
Croatia | 3,720 |
France | 3,328 |
Iran | 3,162 |
Iraq | 2,879 |
Netherlands | 2,542 |
United Kingdom | 2,469 |
Serbia | 2,308 |
With a population of 653,253 within the city boundaries (31 December 2022),[35] Düsseldorf is Germany's sixth largest city. Its population surpassed the threshold of 100,000 inhabitants during the height of industrialisation in 1882, and peaked at just over 705,000 in 1962. The city then began to lose residents with many moving into neighbouring municipalities. However, since the late 1990s, the city's population has been slowly rising again.
A total of 109,883[36] (18%) of Düsseldorf's population are foreigners (31 December 2008), the majority of whom come from within Europe (81,742). The largest national minorities are Turks, Greeks, and Poles. Düsseldorf and its surroundings have the third-largest Japanese community in Europe and the largest in Germany (about 11,000 people).[37][38]
By 2019, the foreign population of Düsseldorf would grow to 152,255, or 23.6% of the population.[39] 272,982 people, or 42.6% of residents had a migration background as of 2019.[40]
Düsseldorf has the third-largest
Government
Boroughs
Since 1975, Düsseldorf is divided into ten administrative boroughs. Each borough (
|
|
Mayor
The current Mayor of Düsseldorf is Stephan Keller of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), who was elected in 2020.
The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Stephan Keller | Christian Democratic Union | 83,425 | 34.1 | 118,308 | 56.0 | |
Thomas Geisel | Social Democratic Party | 64,203 | 26.3 | 92,999 | 44.0 | |
Stefan Engstfeld | Alliance 90/The Greens | 42,463 | 17.4 | |||
Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann | Free Democratic Party | 30,584 | 12.5 | |||
Florian Josef Hoffmann | Alternative for Germany | 6,564 | 2.7 | |||
Udo Adam Bonn | The Left | 5,257 | 2.2 | |||
Dominique Mirus | Die PARTEI | 3,039 | 1.2 | |||
Mark Schenk | Volt Germany | 2,255 | 0.9 | |||
Claudia Krüger | Animal Welfare Here! | 1,939 | 0.8 | |||
Hans-Joachim Grumbach | Free Voters | 1,192 | 0.5 | |||
Celine Coldewe | Climate List Düsseldorf | 954 | 0.4 | |||
Michael Baumeister | Independent | 947 | 0.4 | |||
Marc Olejak | Pirate Party Germany | 792 | 0.3 | |||
Markus Brakonier | German Sport Party | 383 | 0.2 | |||
Andre Maniera | The Republicans | 325 | 0.1 | |||
Valid votes | 244,322 | 98.8 | 211,307 | 99.3 | ||
Invalid votes | 3,008 | 1.2 | 1,571 | 0.7 | ||
Total | 247,330 | 100.0 | 212,878 | 100.0 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 470,511 | 52.6 | 470,312 | 45.3 | ||
Source: State Returning Officer |
City council
The Düsseldorf city council (Düsseldorfer Stadtrat) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:
Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 81,833 | 33.4 | 3.3 | 30 | 1 | |
Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 58,881 | 24.0 | 10.3 | 22 | 11 | |
Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 43,949 | 17.9 | 11.4 | 16 | 8 | |
Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 22,453 | 9.2 | 2.2 | 8 | 2 | |
The Left (Die Linke) | 9,951 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 4 | ±0 | |
Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 8,776 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 3 | 1 | |
Volt Germany (Volt) | 4,512 | 1.8 | New | 2 | New | |
Die PARTEI (PARTEI) | 4,371 | 1.8 | New | 2 | New | |
Animal Welfare Here! (Tierschutz hier!)
|
3,437 | 1.4 | New | 1 | New | |
Free Voters (FW) | 2,212 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1 | ±0 | |
Climate List Düsseldorf (Klimaliste) | 2,124 | 0.9 | New | 1 | New | |
Pirate Party Germany (Piraten) | 1,464 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0 | 1 | |
German Sport Party (DSP) | 642 | 0.3 | New | 0 | New | |
The Republicans (REP) | 586 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0 | 1 | |
RESISTANCE 2020 We for Düsseldorf | 76 | 0.0 | New | 0 | New | |
Valid votes | 245,271 | 99.2 | ||||
Invalid votes | 2,085 | 0.8 | ||||
Total | 247,356 | 100.0 | 90 | 8 | ||
Electorate/voter turnout | 470,511 | 52.6 | 3.4 | |||
Source: State Returning Officer |
Economy
Düsseldorf has become one of the top telecommunications centres in Germany. With two of the four big German providers of mobile frequencies, D2 Vodafone and E-Plus, Düsseldorf leads the German mobile phone market. There are many foreign information and communication technology companies in Düsseldorf such as Huawei, NTT, Ericsson, Oppo, Vivo and Xiaomi.[45] There are 18 internet service providers located in the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia. There are two airlines with headquarters in the city: Eurowings and formerly independent LTU International.[46]
Many of the internet companies in Düsseldorf have their roots in the world of advertising: there are 400
in Düsseldorf.Peek & Cloppenburg (fashion); Uniper (electricity generation); L'Oréal Germany (Cosmetics and Beauty); Henkel AG & Co. KGaA (Branded Consumer Goods and Industrial technologies); Metro (wholesale, retail); Ceconomy (retail); Esprit Holdings (fashion, headquarters in Ratingen near Düsseldorf); BASF Personal Care & Nutrition (formerly Cognis – chemicals, headquarters in Monheim near Düsseldorf, but production mainly in Düsseldorf).[citation needed]
The "Kö", which stands for Königsallee ("King's Avenue"), is a shopping destination. Some jewellery shops, designer labels, and galleries have their stores here. The Kö has among the highest rents for retail and office space in Germany.[47]
Financial center
The city is an important
are located in the city. Several other major financial service companies have their headquarters in the city.Media
Important newspapers and journals such as Handelsblatt, Rheinische Post, Wirtschaftswoche, Deutsches Wirtschaftsblatt and VDI-Nachrichten are published in Düsseldorf. Almost all of these papers are available online. Renowned filmmaking companies, such as Germany's biggest cinema enterprise, the Riech Group, and TV channels such as WDR and QVC are located in Düsseldorf. The Film- und Medienstiftung NRW foundation supports the production of film and new media.[citation needed]
With regard to movies and movie theatres in Düsseldorf, moviegoers are able to view movies in a range of different languages. Many mainstream movies are shown in English, Spanish, French, and German.[50]
Transport
Düsseldorf Airport
Railway
The city is a major hub in the
Taxi
In Düsseldorf there are 1320 officially licensed Taxis. According to the regulations, the cars are always in ivory colour. On the back window you always find a black number on a yellow patch. Credit card payment has to be accepted at the Taxi stands at Airport of Düsseldorf. The supply of taxis in Düsseldorf is over the German average.[citation needed] Two taxi organisations cover the market.[citation needed] "Taxi-Düsseldorf" offers more than 1180 cabs in different sizes for max. 8 Passengers. The smaller one is "Rhein-Taxi" with more than 120 cabs. It is obligatory to carry out any journeys to destinations in the city and directly neighbouring cities.[52]
Carsharing
In addition to stationary car sharing, where vehicles must be returned to their original location after use, one-way carsharing vehicles have also been available for hire since 2012. These vehicles, which can be parked anywhere where parking is normally allowed within Düsseldorf, can be rented from Car2go, Greenwheels, Stadtmobil and DriveNow.[53]
Autobahn
North Rhine-Westphalia has the densest network of autobahns in Germany and Düsseldorf is directly accessible via the A3, A44, A46, A52, A57, A59 and A524.
Cycling
Düsseldorf is connected to some national and international cycling paths, including EV15 The Rhine Cycle Route.
The city of Düsseldorf is a member of the German North Rhine-Westphalia District, Municipality and City Friends of Pedestrians and Cyclists Working Group, who bestowed upon Düsseldorf the title of "Friend of Cyclists City" in 2007, although the city still has a few gaps in the network of cycle paths in the eyes of many of its citizens.
Culture and recreation
Elector
The Düsseldorf cultural scene comprises traditional and avant-garde, classical and glamorous. The world-famous state art collection of North Rhine-Westphalia, the highly acclaimed Deutsche Oper am Rhein (opera), and the Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus (theatre), artistic home of Gustaf Gründgens, are major elements of Düsseldorf's reputation as a centre of the fine arts.
Beer
This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2014) |
Düsseldorf is well known for its
Brewers in Düsseldorf used the pale malts that were used for the modern pale lagers, but retained the old ("alt") method of using warm fermenting yeasts. The first brewery to use the name Alt was Schumacher which opened in 1838.[57] The founder, Mathias Schumacher, allowed the beer to mature in cool conditions in wooden casks for longer than normal, and laid the foundation for the modern alt – amber coloured and lagered.[58] The result is a pale beer that has some of the lean dryness of a lager but with fruity notes as well.[59]
There are five pub-breweries in Düsseldorf which brew Altbier on the premises: Füchschen, Schumacher, Schlüssel, Uerige and Brauerei Kürzer. Four of the five are in the historic centre of Düsseldorf (Altstadt); the other (Schumacher), between the Altstadt and Düsseldorf Central railway station (Hauptbahnhof), also maintains an establishment in the Altstadt, Im Goldenen Kessel, across the street from Schlüssel.
Each (except Brauerei Kürzer) produces a special, secret, seasonal "Sticke" version in small quantities, though the names vary: Schlüssel spells it "Stike", without the "c", while Schumacher calls its special beer "Latzenbier", meaning "slat beer", possibly because the kegs from which it was poured had been stored on raised shelves.[60] Füchschen's seasonal is its Weihnachtsbier (Christmas beer), available in bottles starting mid-November, and served in the brewpub on Christmas Eve.[61]
Music and nightlife
Düsseldorf has been home to a number of influential music artists and bands, particularly in the electronic and krautrock genres, with Kraftwerk being the most prominent example. As one source describes, "This is the place where Neu! conceived the motorik beat, Harmonia dreamed up ambient, Die Krupps expanded the idea of industrial, and where those brilliant mensch-maschines Kraftwerk, declared: 'We are the robots'."[62]
Since the 1950s the "Kom(m)ödchen" has been one of the most prominent political cabarets of Germany. The city's best-known contribution to the culture of modern popular music is the influential avant-garde electronic band Kraftwerk. Formed by two Düsseldorf-born musicians, Kraftwerk is internationally known as the most significant band in the history of post-war German music and as pioneers in electronic music.[63]
Other influential musical groups originating from Düsseldorf include Neu!, formed in 1971 by Klaus Dinger and Michael Rother, after their split from Kraftwerk,[64] and La Düsseldorf, also formed by Dinger in 1976 shortly after Neu! disbanded. Both groups had a significant influence on a variety of subsequent rock, post-punk, and electronic music artists.[65]
Internationally known power metal band Warlock was formed in Düsseldorf in 1982. Its frontwoman, Doro Pesch, had a successful solo career in Europe and Asia since Warlock ended. The punk band Die Toten Hosen, the electronic act D.A.F., as well as the electronic/industrial pioneers Die Krupps, all originated in Düsseldorf.
Düsseldorf appears in several songs, including Düsseldorf by the British indie band Teleman and Wärst du doch in Düsseldorf geblieben by Danish singer Dorthe Kollo.
Fashion
Düsseldorf has been the
Carnival
One of the biggest cultural events in Düsseldorf is the Karneval (also referred to as the "fifth season") which starts every year on 11 November at 11:11 a.m., and reaches its climax on Rosenmontag (Rose Monday), featuring a huge parade through the streets of Düsseldorf. Karneval ends on Aschermittwoch (Ash Wednesday).
Düsseldorf's cartwheeler
The Düsseldorfer Radschläger (boy who does cartwheels) is said to be the city's oldest tradition. The symbol of the cartwheeler can be found on souvenirs and various things in Düsseldorf have cartwheelers to thank for their names.[citation needed]
Legends of its origin and history
This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2014) |
The tradition cannot be linked to one specific historical event. Instead, there are several stories surrounding the beginnings of the Düsseldorf cartwheelers. Probably the most well known version is the Battle of Worringen. In the battle of 1288, Count Adolf devastatingly defeated the Archbishop of Cologne. As a consequence of this victory, Düsseldorf obtained town privileges. Inhabitants, especially children, ran joyfully on the streets and performed cartwheels.
Another story talks about a wedding procession during which one of the wheels of the wedding carriage broke. In order to fend off the threat of bad luck, a boy supposedly jumped up to the carriage, took hold of the wheel and thus became a living part of the wheel. Whether the story is about the marriage of Jan Wellem and Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici or the wedding of Margravine Jakobea of Baden and Johann Wilhelm is debatable.
Another story gives an account of the wedding between Margrave Jacobe von Baden and Johann Wilhelm, in 1585. According to legend, she felt miserable about her marriage, but the cartwheelers who displayed their skills next to her carriage were able to make her smile. Numerous travelers were attracted to the city by great exhibitions – the forerunner of today's fairs – between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. During this time the children who did cartwheels found out that it was a profitable source of income. The bourgeoisie accepted this in good humour as a symbolic act of local patriotism. In the beginning the lads shouted "för eene Penning schlage ich das Rad“ (a cartwheel for a penny). The Jan Wellem monument returned to Düsseldorf at the end of the Second World War. The procession was accompanied by torches, fanfares and cartwheeling boys.
Cartwheelers in the cityscape
Cartwheelers can be found at several fountains within the city and near many small landmarks. The most famous is Cartwheeler's Fountain in Burgplatz (de) with an inscription of a quote by Hans Müller-Schlösser: "Radschläger wolle mer blieve, wie jeck et de Minschen och drieve" (We will always remain cartwheelers, however crazy it drives people.) The fountain was designed by Alfred Zschorsch in 1954 and donated by Heimatverein Düsseldorfer Jonges, which is a club devoted to the maintenance of local and regional traditions. There are other cartwheelers that decorate storm drains and the door knocker on the Church of Lambertus, designed by Friedrich Becker. He created the cartwheeler in front of the Schadow Arcades.[citation needed]
The tradition has been kept alive by the Alde Düsseldorfer Bürgergesellschaft von 1920 e. V., a society founded in 1920, which organized the first cartwheeler competition on 17 October 1937. This event has been held annually since 1971
Christmas market
Every Christmas, the city of Düsseldorf uses the city centre to host one of the largest Christmas gatherings in Germany. The Christmas festival occurs every year from 17 November until 23 December. This Christmas fest brings Düsseldorf a large portion of tourism every year as many people from nearby areas come to the city to drink mulled wine and hot chocolate and watch craftsman blow glass and create art. The event contains many small wooden buildings all clustered in the middle of the city for all the citizens to enjoy. The event, to many visitors, has an old European feel, but is very lively.
Cuisine
Traditional meals in the region are Rheinischer
Düsseldorf is known for its strong Dijon-like mustard served in a traditional pot called "Mostertpöttche", which was eternalised in a still life by Vincent van Gogh in 1884.[70]
The Rhine Metropolis is one of the most diverse areas in terms of culinary diversity. Düsseldorf, with the third largest Japanese community in Europe, not only provides a wide range of culinary cuisine but also has a solid foundation of Authentic Asian food in the city. Düsseldorf's exceptional culinary cuisine has been recognized and visited by the Worldwide leading travel guide of Lonely Planet. Along with a broad range of diverse cultural cuisine, Düsseldorf is also home to various Michelin starred restaurants that are world renowned.[71]
Halve Hahn – this dish is made from a half a double rye roll, which is another of the specialties of Düsseldorf, buttered, with a thick slice of aged Gouda cheese, onions, mustard, ground paprika and sour pickles.
Himmel un Aad – a dish of mashed potatoes and apples along with slices of blutwurst. Caramelized onions are usually served with this meal.
Reibekuchen is another famous dish from Düsseldorf; this dish is usually drizzled with Rübensyrup (beet syrup) and is served on pumpernickel slices along with applesauce.[72]
Literature
The
The Förderpreis für Literatur der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf is given once a year to artists and groups, especially to the areas of poetry, writing, review and translation.[75]
Rivalry with Cologne
Düsseldorf and Cologne have had a "fierce regional rivalry".[76] The rivalry includes carnival parades, football, ice hockey and beer.[76] People in Cologne prefer Kölsch while people in Düsseldorf prefer Altbier.[76] Some Waiters and patrons will "scorn" and make a "mockery" of people who order Alt beer in Cologne and Kölsch in Düsseldorf.[76] The rivalry has been described as a "love-hate relationship".[76]
Theatres
- Apollo (varieté, circus; shows do not require knowledge of German language)
- Capitol (musicals)
- Deutsche Oper am Rhein (Opera; Ballet)
- Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus; the theatre started with theatrical performances in 1585
- Düsseldorfer Marionetten-Theater
- Merkur Spiel-Arena (Venue of the Eurovision Song Contest 2011)
- FFT – Forum Freies Theater (intimate theatre)
- Junges Theater in der Altstadt
- Klangraum (20th-century classical music)
- Kom(m)ödchen (Political cabaret)
- Komödie Düsseldorf
- Palais Wittgenstein
- Puppentheater an der Helmholtzstraße (puppetry)
- Robert-Schumann-Saal
- Savoy-Theater
- Seniorentheater in der Altstadt
- Tanzhaus NRW (theatre for dance)
- concert hall for classical music, jazz, pop, cabaret)
- Theater an der Kö
- Theater an der Luegallee
- Theateratelier Takelgarn
- Theater Flin
- Theater Glorreich
Museums, arts and history institutes, and other attractions
- Akademie-Galerie (exhibition space of the Art Academy Düsseldorf)
- Andreaskirche
- Aquazoo-Löbbecke-Museum (aquarium and zoological museum)[77]
- TvTower[78]
- BRAUSE – Vereinsheim des Metzgerei Schnitzel Kunstvereins e.V.
- Film museum[79]
- Filmstiftung NRW (NRW Film Foundation)
- Forum NRW
- Goethe-Museum
- Heinrich-Heine-Institut
- Heinrich Heine Birth-house
- Hetjens Museum (German museum of ceramics)
- Imai – inter media art institute
- Institut Français Düsseldorf
- Institut für Kunstdokumentation und Szenografie[80] (Institute for Art Documentation and Scenography)
- Julia Stoschek Collection[81] (video art)
- KAI 10|Raum für Kunst[82]
- Kulturbahnhof Eller[83]
- Kunstarchiv Kaiserswerth (works of Bernd and Hilla Becher/Kahmen Collection)
- Kunst im Tunnel (KIT)[84]
- Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen (Art Collection Northrhine-Westphalia) – K20 (Grabbeplatz) and K21 (Ständehaus)
- Kunsthalle Düsseldorf
- Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen (Society for the Promotion of the Fine Arts)
- Museum Kunstpalast
- Mahn- und Gedenkstätte für die Opfer des Nationalsozialmus (Memorial museum for victims of Nationalsocialism)
- Onomato[85]
- Polnisches Institut Düsseldorf[86]
- Puppentheater an der Helmholtzstraße
- Rathaus
- Reinraum e.V. – Verein zur Förderung von Kunst und Kultur
- Rheinturm(Rhine Tower; highest building and landmark of Düsseldorf)
- Collegiate Church of St Lambertus
- Schiffahrt Museum
- Schloss Jägerhof
- Schlossturm
- Schloss und Park Benrath (palace and park of Benrath)
- Stadtbibliothek
- Stadtmuseum (City history museum)
- Statue of Jan Wellem
- Theatermuseum, Düsseldorf
- Triton Museum
- Volkshochschule
- Zakk[87] – cultural centre with concerts, readings, debates and party
Parks and gardens
- Botanischer Garten Düsseldorf, a modern botanical garden
- Hofgarten
- The Nordpark, with the Aquazoo
- The Südfriedhof (The South Cemetery)
- Volksgarten adjacent to Südpark
Sports and live events
-
TheISS-Dome, an ice hockeystadium, opened in 2006.
-
The Merkur Spiel-Arena (formerly LTU Arena)
-
Logo during Eurovision Song Contest 2011 ESC
-
Racecourse, general view from the east
-
Main Tribune of the Racecourse for horses/Galopprennbahn Düsseldorf
Düsseldorf's main
Other sports in Düsseldorf are
The city hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2011.
Education
Other academic institutions include:
- the Clara Schumann Musikschule (music school)
- the Robert Schumann Hochschule
- the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf[92] (Academy of Fine Arts) which is famous for high-profile artists like Joseph Beuys, Paul Klee, Nam June Paik, Gerhard Richter, the Bechers, and Andreas Gursky
- the Hochschule Düsseldorf[93] (University of Applied Sciences)
- the AMD Academy of Fashion and Design[94]
- the Max Planck Institute for Iron Research[95]
- the Goethe Institute[96]
- Verwaltungs- und Wirtschafts-Akademie Düsseldorf
- WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management (Düsseldorf Campus)
International primary and secondary schools:
- International School of Düsseldorf
- Lycée français de Düsseldorf
- Japanische Internationale Schule in Düsseldorf
Notable buildings
- Rheinturm (TV tower), the city's landmark (1982: 234 m [ 768 ft ], since 2004: 240.50 m [ 789.0 ft ]), the lights of which comprise the world's largest digital clock
- The Frank Gehry designed Neuer Zollhof in the Düsseldorf media harbour
- The Colorium, an 18-storey tower designed by Alsop and Partners, also in the Düsseldorf media harbour
- The Benrather Schloss (Benrath palace)
- The Grupello-Haus, probably designed by the Italian architect Matteo Alberti (architect) in 1706 for Duke Johann Wilhelm
- The Wilhelm Marx House of 1922/24: at twelve storeys high, it was Germany's first high-rise building.
- The Stahlhof of 1906, the administrative centre of Germany's steel economy until 1945
- The Stummhaus of 1925, another early German high-rise building
- Gerresheim Basilica[97]
- St. Suitbertus (Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth)[98]
- Hotel Römischer Kaiser, built in 1903–04
- DRV Tower, 120-metre-high (394 ft) tower constructed in 1978
- GAP 15, an 85-metre-high (279 ft) building constructed in 2005 near Königsallee
- Sir Norman Foster.
- Eight bridges span the Rhine at Düsseldorf; they, too, are city landmarks.
- Eastern pylon of Reisholz Rhine Powerline Crossing, an electricity pylon under whose legs runs a rail
- Johanneskirche, Düsseldorf
Notable places
- Königsallee, a shopping street with luxuries shops
- Schloss Benrath, rococo castle
- Altstadt (Düsseldorf), literally "old town", the historic town centre with the town hall Altes Rathaus from 1573. Nowadays Düsseldorf's entertainment district with hundreds of pubs and restaurants, and proverbially known by Germans as "the longest bar in the world".
- Düsseldorf-Hafen; the harbour is a modern build district.
- Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
- Schloss Heltorf, the biggest palace in Düsseldorf, since 1662 homestead of the noble family Grafen von Spee
- Hofgarten, old city park
- Schloss Jägerhof, an old hunting lodge at the Hofgarten, today a Goethe Museum
Twin towns – sister cities
Düsseldorf is twinned with:[99]
- Reading, England, UK (1988)
- Chemnitz, Germany (1988)
- Haifa, Israel (1988)
- Warsaw, Poland (1989)
- Chongqing, China (2004)
- Palermo, Italy (2016)
- Chiba Prefecture, Japan (2019)
- Chernivtsi, Ukraine (2022)
- 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[101]
Friendship and cooperation
Düsseldorf also cooperates with:[102]
Notable people
Born before 1850
- Anne Of Cleves(1515–1557), Married to Henry VIII
- François-Charles de Velbrück (1719–1784), Prince-Bishop of Liège
- Helena Curtens (1722–1738), last victim of the witch trials in the Lower Rhine
- Johann Georg Jacobi (1740–1814), writer
- Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819), philosopher and writer
- Peter von Cornelius (1783–1867), painter
- Heinrich Heine (1797–1856), poet and writer
- Lorenz Clasen (1812–1899), painter
- Wilhelm Camphausen (1818–1885), painter
- Louise Strantz (1823–1909), composer and singer
- Paul von Hatzfeldt (1831–1901), diplomat
- Anton Josef Reiss (1835–1900), sculptor
- Eugen Richter (1838–1906), politician and publicist
- Arnold Forstmann (1842–1914), landscape painter
- Peter Janssen (1844–1908), painter, professor at the Art Academy
- Karl Rudolf Sohn (1845–1908), painter
- Felix Klein (1849–1925), mathematician
Born 1851–1900
- Georg Wenker (1852–1911), linguist, founder of linguistic atlas of the German Reich (Wenkeratlas)
- Karl Janssen (1855–1927), sculptor, professor at the Art Academy
- Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth (1855–1928), painter
- Maria Countess von Kalckreuth(1857–1897), painter
- Fritz Reiss (1857–1915), lithographer, illustrator, graphic artist and painter
- Bruno Schmitz (1858–1916), architect
- Otto Hupp (1859–1949), signature graphic artist, engraver
- Albert Herzfeld (1865–1943), painter and author
- Agnes Elisabeth Overbeck (1870–1919), composer and pianist
- Hanns Heinz Ewers (1871–1943), writer and filmmaker
- Wilhelm Levison (1876–1947), historian
- Elly Ney (1882–1968), world-famous concert pianist
- Carl Maria Weber (1890–1953), writer
- Willy Reetz (1892–1963), painter, "Düsseldorf School"
- Hermann Knüfken (1893–1976), marine soldier, revolutionary, union activist, resistance fighter and secret agent
- Ludwig Gehre (1895–1945), officer and resistance fighter
- Hans Globke (1898–1973), jurist, National Socialist, from 1949 Assistant Secretary, then Secretary of State in the Federal Chancellery (1953–1963)
- Karl von Appen (1900–1981), stage designer
Born after 1900
- Max Lorenz (1901–1975), tenor
- Toni Ulmen (1906–1976), motorcycle and car race driver
- Karl Pschigode (1907–1971), actor and theatre director
- Helmut Käutner (1908–1980), film director and actor
- Hilarius Gilges (1909–1933), Afro-German actor, victim of Nazism
- Ernst Klusen (1909–1988), musicologist
- Luise Rainer (1910–2014), actress
- Josef Peters (1914–2001), racing driver
- Ursula Benser (1915–2001), painter
- Fred Beckey (1923–2017), rock climber, mountaineer, author
- Jürgen Habermas (born 1929), philosopher and sociologist
- Carl-Ludwig Wagner (1930–2012), politician (CDU)
- Wim Wenders (born 1945), filmmaker, playwright, author
- Carmen Thomas (born 1946), journalist, radio and television presenter, author and lecturer
- Marius Müller-Westernhagen (born 1948), actor and musician
- Heiner Koch (born 1954), Roman Catholic bishop
- Andreas Gursky (born 1955), photographer
- Bettina Böttinger (born 1956), TV-presenter
- Birgitt Bender (born 1956), politician (The Greens), Member of Landtag and Bundestag
- Tommi Stumpff (born 1958), musician
- Bettina Hoffmann (born 1959), musician and musicologist
- Andreas Frege (born 1962), "Campino", singer in the band Die Toten Hosen
- René Obermann (born 1963), manager, husband of Maybrit Illner
- Jörg Schmadtke (born 1964), football manager
- André Olbrich (born 1967), guitarist in the band Blind Guardian
- Michael Preetz (born 1967), footballer
- Svenja Schulze (born 1968), politician (SPD)
- Heike Makatsch (born 1971), actress and singer
- Tetsuya Kakihara (born 1982), voice actor and singer
- Erika Ikuta (born 1997), Japanese actress, a former member of Nogizaka46
Associated with Düsseldorf
- William Thomas Mulvany (1806–1885 in Düsseldorf), entrepreneur
- Robert Schumann (1810–1856), composer, 1850–1854 urban music director in Düsseldorf
- Alfred Rethel (1816–1859 in Düsseldorf), history painter
- Christian Eduard Boettcher (1818–1889), painter who lived, worked and died in Düsseldorf
- Clara Schumann (1819–1896), pianist and composer, wife of Robert Schumann, frequent host of Johannes Brahms in Düsseldorf (1850–1854)
- Düsseldorf School
- Louise Dumont (1862–1932 in Düsseldorf), actress and 1904 founder of the Schauspielhaus Düsseldorf
- Johanna "Mother" Ey (1864–1947 in Düsseldorf), gallery owner
- Düsseldorf Art Academy
- Wilhelm Kreis (1873–1955), architect and director of the School of Applied Arts Düsseldorf
- Peter Kürten (1883–1931), called "The Vampire of Düsseldorf", committed in Düsseldorf during the period between February and November 1929 series of sexual homicides
- Adolf Uzarski (1885–1970 in Düsseldorf), writer, painter and graphic artist
- Düsseldorf Art Academy1937–1945
- Betty Knox (1906–1963), dancer with variety act Wilson, Keppel and Betty and war correspondent. She lived in the city during her later years and died there.[103]
- Ernest Martin(born 1932), theatre director, theatre manager and actor in Düsseldorf
See also
- Japan Day in Düsseldorf
- OPENCities
- 2017 Düsseldorf axe attack
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Bibliography
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. .
- Wikidus.de The Wiki for Düsseldorf
- Düsseldorf Official English website of the city
- visitduesseldorf.de Official Düsseldorf Tourist Board
- dusseldorf.guide Archived 1 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine Unofficial Düsseldorf Guide
- Düsseldorf City Panoramas
- "Burrying [sic] the Hoppeditz: Carnival in Düsseldorf". Archived from the original on 13 January 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2006.
- The Lost City WW2 Bomb Damage 1942/3