D. N. Jha
Dwijendra Narayan Jha | |
---|---|
Presidency College, Calcutta | |
Occupation | Historian |
Notable work | The Myth of the Holy Cow (2001) |
Dwijendra Narayan Jha (1940 – 4 February 2021) was an Indian historian who studied and wrote on
Education
Jha completed his Senior Secondary Schooling from Board of Secondary Certification, West Bengal with First Division. He did Intermediate Examination of Arts with first division and
Personal life
Jha was born to Devswaroop Jha and Gauri Devi.[citation needed] He was born at his maternal village Ganauli (Darbhanga District) Now it is in Madhubani District, Bihar.[citation needed] His paternal village was Haitibali. He had two brothers and one sister. His eldest brother Devendra Narayan Jha was doctor and retired as assistant director, state Falaria control, Bihar health Services and died in 1990.[citation needed] His second brother died at very young age when he was in intermediate. His eldest sister Vimla Jha died in 2018. In 1975 he married RajRani Jha in Calcutta. Jha's eldest nephew Rajiv Jha works with CPI(M)'s central organ and is part of editotial team of Loklaher.[citation needed]
Career
Jha was a professor at the history department of the
He was an author of multiple history text books for India's National Council of Educational Research and Training, the organization which developed the textbooks and course curricula for Indian schools.[8] He also served as the secretary of the Indian History Congress and a member of the Indian Council of Historical Research[3][9] He was a member of visiting faculty at the Institute of Oriental Culture in the University of Tokyo.[10]
In 1991, he wrote a paper, with other historians R.S. Sharma, Suraj Bhan, and Athar Ali, making a case that there was no evidence to prove that the Babri Masjid, a mosque in Ayodhya, was built over a temple at the same site.[11] The findings were documented in Ramjanmabhoomi-Baburi Masjid: A Historians’ Report to the Nation (1991) which he co-wrote with [11][12] The mosque was demolished a year later by right wing activists.[4] The paper diverged in its findings from the Archaeological Survey of India's findings and was later dismissed by the Supreme Court of India in 2019 as an opinion.[5]
In his 2001 book, The Myth of the Holy Cow, he made a case that beef was part of the early Indian diet and used also for medicinal purposes.[13] He quoted religious and non-religious texts from ancient periods to dispel the prevailing belief that cow was holy and its meat not a part of historical Indian consumption.[3] The book quoted Charaka Samhita to say that it was used in soups for intermittent fevers, emaciation, and tuberculosis, while the fat was used in the treatment of rheumatism.[13] He used text from the Vedas and Upanishads to argue that cattle were routinely offered in sacrifice to various ancient deities.[14] He then argued that the sacred status afforded to cows was a much more recent development.[3]
He also challenged the notion that the age of the
Jha was accused by BJP politician,
His last published book, Drink of Immortality (2020) studied alcohol distillation and consumption in ancient India.[19][1] He argued that there were more than 50 varieties of alcohol that were available and consumed by men and women of ancient India. He further quoted religious texts including the epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata as well as the Vedas mentioning of alcohol consumption.[20]
Jha died on 4 February 2021 in Delhi, at age 81.[8] He had suffered a paralytic attack a few years earlier and had lost much of his hearing.[4]
Works
The Myth of the Holy Cow
In his book The Myth of the Holy Cow, he alleged that cow formed part of the diet in ancient India. Cattle, including cows, were neither inviolable nor as revered in ancient times as they were later. Quoting from the Vedas and the Upanishads, he alleged that cattle were offered in sacrifice to various deities and that hardly any prayer was complete without animal sacrifice.[21] He pointed out that during Ram's exile, Sita asked her husband for meat. And Ram obliged by getting her deer meat.[22][23]
Jha has received death threats over his book The Myth of the Holy Cow in which he outlined the practice of eating beef in ancient India as documented in Vedic and Post-Vedic texts. Since Hindutva organisations consider the cow holy and deny the claims of beef consumption during Vedic period, they created controversy over his book.[24][25][26]
Jha discussed the events surrounding the publication in the introduction of the book The Myth of the Holy Cow.[27]
"Shortly afterwards, I began to get threats from unidentified callers asking me not to go ahead with the publication. Undeterred by all this Matrix Books, a new enterprising publishing house based in Delhi, mustered enough courage to publish the book promptly in the first week of August 2001. But some right-wing politicians and groups of religious fanatics, without reading a single page, termed it ‘blasphemous’, demanded my arrest and succeeded in obtaining a court order restraining the circulation of the book, and a self-appointed custodian of ‘Hinduism’ even sentenced me to death. The book was therefore published abroad by Verso (London)."
Publications
As author:
- 1980, Studies in early Indian economic history, Anupama Publications, ASIN: B0006E16DA.
- 1993, Economy and Society in Early India: Issues and Paradigms, ISBN 81-215-0552-6.
- 1997, Society and Ideology in India, ISBN 81-215-0639-5.
- 1997, Ancient India: In Historical Outline, ISBN 81-7304-285-3.
- 2002, Holy cow: beef in Indian dietary traditions. Matrix Books. 2002. ISBN 1-85984-424-3
- 2004, Early India: A Concise History, ISBN 81-7304-587-9
- 2009, Myth of the Holy Cow, ISBN 81-8905-916-5
- 2009, Rethinking Hindu Identity, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-84553-459-2
- 2016, Brahmanical Intolerance in Early India,
- 2018, Against The Grain: Notes on Identity, Intolerance and History, ISBN 978-9350981689
- 2020, Drink of Immortality: Essays on Distillation and Alcohol Use in Ancient India, ISBN 978-9390035212
As editor:
- 1988, Feudal Social Formation in Early India, ISBN 81-7001-024-1
- 1996, Society and Ideology in India: Essays in Honour of Professor R.S. Sharma (Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi, 1996).
- 2000, The Feudal Order: State, Society, and Ideology in Early Medieval India, ISBN 81-7304-473-2; a collection of critical essays by 20 specialists on medieval Indian society, politics, ideology and religion.
References
- ^ a b "D N Jha was fearless in his evocation of pluralism, dissent and rationality". The Indian Express. 6 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ a b Roychowdhury, Adrija. "Why the cow is worshipped in Hindutva politics". The Indian Express. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Prof D N Jha: Iconoclast scholar who made ancient history contemporary". The Indian Express. 5 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f "D.N. Jha, a Doyen Among Indian Historians, Passes Away at 81". The Wire. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ JSTOR 3517941.
- JSTOR 24890281.
- ^ Reddy, Sheela (17 September 2001). "A Brahmin's Cow Tales". Outlook. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ a b Mahaprashta, Ajoy Ashirwad (4 February 2021). "Eminent Historian D.N. Jha passes away at 81". The Wire. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ a b Salam, Ziya Us (5 February 2021). "Prof D.N. Jha (1940-2021), a rare historian who wore his knowledge with ease". Frontline. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-85984-424-3.
- ^ a b Scroll Staff. "Eminent ancient history scholar DN Jha dies at 81". Scroll.in. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ISBN 978-81-7007-138-9.
- ^ a b "Cow Vigilantism: Politics of the Sacred and the Profane". Open The Magazine. 13 April 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ MAHAPRASHASTA, AJOY ASHIRWAD (14 October 2015). "'The cow was neither unslayable nor sacred in the Vedic period'". Frontline. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ SALAM, ZIYA US (23 May 2018). "'India never had a golden age'". Frontline. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ Shourie, Arun (28 June 2014). "How history was made up at Nalanda". The Indian Express. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
- ^ "Grist to the reactionary mill". Indian Express. 9 July 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ Sreedathan, G. (9 November 2014). "Votes do not guide intellectuals: D N Jha". Business Standard. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- OCLC 1224158962.)
{{cite book}}
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has generic name (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ^ "What the gods drank". The Indian Express. 29 July 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ Jha, Dwijendra Narayan. The Myth of the Holy Cow. London/New York: Verso 2002
- ^ "Prof D.N. Jha (1940-2021), a rare historian who wore his knowledge with ease". 5 February 2021.
- ^ Eakin, Emily (17 August 2002). "Holy Cow a Myth? An Indian Finds The Kick Is Real". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
- ^ Reddy, Sheela (17 September 2001). "A Brahmin's Cow Tales". Outlook. Archived from the original on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
- ^ The Guardian (13 July 2002)
- ^ The Hindu (15 August 2003)
- ^ "Tribute: Professor DN Jha". Retrieved 11 April 2022.
- JSTOR 24890281.