DEFA

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DEFA (film studio)
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Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft
DEFA
Formation17 May 1946
Dissolved1992
HeadquartersEast Berlin
Location

DEFA (Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft) was the state-owned film studio of the

German Democratic Republic
(East Germany) throughout the country's existence.

Since 2019, DEFA's film heritage has been made accessible and licensable on the PROGRESS archive platform.[1]

History

Founding congress of DEFA Studio, Berlin, May 1946

DEFA was founded in Spring 1946 in the

Soviet Occupied Zone in eastern Germany; it was the first film production company in post-World War II Germany.[2] While the other Allies, in their zones of occupation, viewed a rapid revival of a German film industry with suspicion, the Soviets valued the medium as a primary means of re-educating the German populace as it emerged from twelve years of Nazi
rule.

Headquartered in

Ufa
in the 1920s.

On 14 July 1947, the company officially moved its headquarters to the Bablesberg Studio, and on 13 November 1947, the company's "stock" was taken over by the Socialist Unity Party or SED, which had originally capitalized DEFA, and pro-Soviet German individuals. Soviets Ilya Trauberg and Aleksandr Wolkenstein joined Lindemann, Bergmann and Volkmann on the board of directors, and a committee was established under the auspices of the Socialist Unity Party to review projects and screen rushes.[citation needed]

In July 1948, Lindemann was dismissed from the board of directors because of alleged "financial irregularities" and replaced briefly by Walter Janka. In October 1948, the SED was instrumental in replacing Janka, Volkmann and Bergmann as corporate directors with official party members Wilhelm Meissner, Alexander Lösche [de] and Grete Keilson. In December, the death of Trauberg and the resignation of Wolkenstein resulted in two more Soviets in their stead, Aleksandr Andriyevsky and Leonid Antonov.[citation needed]

In 1948, the division of Germany into zones controlled by the Soviet Union and by the Western Allies came into effect. The SED eventually became openly

German Democratic Republic (East Germany). All DEFA interests were incorporated into the new nation as its "people's" film monopoly according to the strictures of Stalinist Communism and socialist realism, and effectively an arm of the government. On 23 June 1950, Sepp Schwab [de], a hardline Communist, was appointed director-general of DEFA.[citation needed
]

A open area with a large building structure in the background
DEFA feature film studios, Babelsberg, Potsdam, July 1952

As

The Sons of the Great Mother Bear, directed by Josef Mach and starring Gojko Mitić as the Sioux Tokei-itho.[5] This spawned a number of sequels and was notable for inverting Western clichés by portraying the native Americans as the "good guys", and the American army as the "baddies".[6][citation needed
]

In 1992, after German reunification, DEFA was officially dissolved and its combined studios sold to a French conglomerate,

Vivendi Universal. In 2004, a private consortium acquired the studios. The films produced at the DEFA studios after World War II included approximately 950 feature films, 820 animated films, more than 5,800 documentaries and newsreels, and 4,000 foreign language movies dubbed into German, which were acquired by the privatized version of the former East German film distribution monopoly, PROGRESS.[7][8]

In October 2005, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City hosted a two-week DEFA festival.[9]

Das Stacheltier

Das Stacheltier is a satirical series of short films that was produced in East Germany by the DEFA Film Studios from 1953[10] to 1964.[11] The short films were meant to be shown in film theatres preceding the newsreel and the main feature. The only feature film in the series was the silent film Der junge Engländer directed by Gottfried Kolditz in 1958.

Many well-known East German directors and actors contributed to the film series, including Frank Beyer, Erwin Geschonneck, Gisela May, Rudolf Wessely, Otto Tausig, Peter Sturm, Rolf Herricht and Heinz Schubert.

In 2019, Progress was acquired by LOOKSfilm. Since April 1, 2019, the entire film heritage of the GDR has been made internationally accessible and licensable on the Progress Film archive platform.[12]

DEFA Film studios

  • DEFA-Studio für Spielfilme in Potsdam-Babelsberg (studio for feature films)
  • DEFA-Studio für Trickfilme in Dresden (studio for animated films)
  • DEFA-Studio für populärwissenschaftliche Filme in Potsdam, Alt-Nowawes (studio for educational films)
  • DEFA-Studio für Wochenschau und Dokumentarfilme in Berlin (studio for news reels and documentation films)
  • DEFA-Studio für Synchronisation in Berlin-Johannisthal (studio for dubbing)
  • DEFA-Kopierwerke in Berlin-Köpenick and Berlin-Johannisthal (factory for movie copying)
  • DEFA-Außenhandel in Berlin (foreign trade)

See also

Bibliography

  • Allan, Sean; Sandford, John, (eds.) DEFA: East German Cinema, 1946–1992. New York and Oxford, Berghahn Books, 1999
  • Allan, Sean; Heiduschke, Sebastian (eds.) Re-Imagining DEFA: East German Cinema in its National and Transnational Contexts. Berghahn Books, 2016
  • Bergfelder, Tim; Carter, Erica & Goektuerk, Deniz, (eds.) The German Cinema Book. Berkeley: BFI/University of California Press. 2003.
  • Berghahn, Daniela. Hollywood behind the Wall: the Cinema of East Germany. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005
  • Beyer, Frank. Wenn der Wind sich dreht: Meine Filme, mein Leben. Econ. 2001.
  • Elsaesser, Thomas & Wedel, Michael. The BFI Companion to German Cinema. London: British Film Institute, 1999.
  • Habel, F.-B. Das grosse Lexikon der DEFA-Spielfilme, Berlin: Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, 2000
  • Heiduschke, Sebastian. East German Cinema: DEFA and Film History. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
  • Naughton, Leonie. That Was the Wild East: Film Culture, Unification, and the `New´ Germany. Ann Arbor, 2002.
  • Preuss, Evelyn. "'You Say You Want a Revolution': East German Film at the Crossroads between the Cinemas." In Celluloid Revolt: German Screen Cultures and the Long 1968, edited by Christina Gerhardt and Marco Abel, 218-236. Rochester, NY: Boydell, 2019.
  • Schenk, Ralf; Richter, Erika (eds.) apropos: Film 2001 Das Jahrbuch der DEFA-Stiftung. Das Neue Berlin, 2001.
  • Schittly, Dagmar. Zwischen Regie und Regime: die Filmpolitik der SED im Spiegel der DEFA-Produktionen. Berlin, 2002.
  • Silberman, Marc; Wrage, Henning (eds.) DEFA at the Crossroads of East German and International Film Culture. A Companion. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2014.
  • Wagner, Brigitta B. (ed.) DEFA after East Germany. Rochester: Camden House, 2014.

Film

References

  1. ^ "PROGRESS". Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  2. ^ "History". www.defa-stiftung.de.
  3. ^ "Die MÖRDER SIND UNTER UNS (1946)". BFI. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018.
  4. ^ Thomas Phelps, "Links wo das Herz ist" Archived 2010-06-17 at the Wayback Machine Justus Liebig University Giessen (October 27–28, 1997). Retrieved 29 November 2011 (in German)
  5. ^ "Die SÖHNE DER GROSSEN BÄRIN (1965)". BFI. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018.
  6. ^ "The Sons of Great Bear | DEFA Film Library". ecommerce.umass.edu.
  7. ^ "DEFA Stiftung — filmarchives online". www.filmarchives-online.eu.
  8. – via Google Books.
  9. ^ "Rebels with a Cause: The Cinema of East Germany". The Museum of Modern Art.
  10. .
  11. .
  12. ^ "Digital Media Hub". www.progress.film. Retrieved 2022-08-04.

External links