DEFCON
The defense readiness condition (DEFCON) is an alert state used by the United States Armed Forces.[1][2] For security reasons, the US military does not announce a DEFCON level to the public.[1]
The DEFCON system was developed by the
DEFCONs are a subsystem of a series of "Alert Conditions", or LERTCONs, which also include Emergency Conditions (EMERGCONs).[4]
Definition
The DEFCON level is controlled primarily by the
Different branches of the U.S. Armed Forces (i.e.
DEFCONs should not be confused with similar systems used by the US military, such as
Although a higher DEFCON number refers to a more relaxed defence posture, the term has been misused in popular culture in which "DEFCON 5" is incorrectly used to describe an active conflict situation (such as in the title of the video game Defcon 5), or more figuratively, to describe an aggravated state of mind ("going to DEFCON five"). [1]
Levels
Defense readiness conditions vary between many commands and have changed over time,[3] and the United States Department of Defense uses exercise terms when referring to the DEFCON levels during exercises.[1][8] This is to prevent confusing exercise commands with actual operational commands.[1][8]
On January 12, 1966,
Readiness condition | Exercise term | Description | Readiness |
---|---|---|---|
DEFCON 1 | COCKED PISTOL | Nuclear war is imminent or has already begun | Maximum readiness. Immediate response. |
DEFCON 2 | FAST PACE | Next step to nuclear war | Armed forces ready to deploy and engage in less than six hours |
DEFCON 3 | ROUND HOUSE | Increase in force readiness above that required for normal readiness | Air Force ready to mobilize in 15 minutes |
DEFCON 4 | DOUBLE TAKE | Increased intelligence watch and strengthened security measures | Above normal readiness |
DEFCON 5 | FADE OUT | Lowest state of readiness | Normal readiness |
History
After
The United States has never declared a readiness condition of DEFCON 1 to prepare for nuclear war.[1]
Instances of DEFCON 2 or 3
DEFCON 2
Cuban Missile Crisis
During the
DEFCON 3
Yom Kippur War
On October 6, 1973, Egypt and Syria launched a joint attack on Israel resulting in the
According to documents declassified in 2016, the move to DEFCON 3 was motivated by CIA reports indicating that the Soviet Union had sent a ship to Egypt carrying nuclear weapons along with two other amphibious vessels.[13] Soviet troops never landed and the declassified documents did not disclose the fate of the ship and its cargo.
Over the following days, the various forces reverted to normal status with the Sixth Fleet standing down on November 17.[14]
Operation Paul Bunyan
Following
September 11 attacks
During the September 11 attacks, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld ordered the DEFCON level be increased to 3, and also a stand-by for a possible increase to DEFCON 2.[1] It was lowered to DEFCON 4 on September 14.[16]
See also
- COGCON – Continuity of government readiness level
- Combat readiness
- Doomsday Clock
- HURCON – Hurricane Condition threat rating (military-developed scale)
- National Command Authority (United States)
- National Military Command Center
- National Terrorism Advisory System
- Waffle House Index – Unofficial disaster recovery metric used by FEMA
- UK Threat Levels – Similar British system used for terrorism threats
Historic/Defunct:
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Tiffini Theisen (2023). "What is DEFCON?". Military.com. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
- ^ a b "Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms" (PDF). 12 April 2001 (As Amended Through 19 August 2009). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Project MUSE.
- ^ "Emergency Action Plan (SEAP)" (PDF). United States Army Corps of Engineers Savannah District (CESAS) Plan 500-1-12. 1 August 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-02-03.
- ^ Theisen, Tiffini (2023-01-24). "DEFCON Levels". Military.com. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ^ Mickeviciute, Rosita (2023-11-27). "From DEFCON 5 to DEFCON 1: understanding the DEFCON levels". Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ^ "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 6510.01F". jcs.mil. Archived from the original on 2022-08-09. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
- ^ a b "Emergency Action Procedures of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Volume I - General" (PDF). US DoD FOIA Reading Room. April 24, 1981. pp. 4–7. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 13, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e NORAD/CONAD Historical Summary: July -December 1959 (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
- ^ "DEFCON DEFense CONdition". fas.org. Archived from the original on 2019-06-28. Retrieved 2016-03-06.
- Wilson Center. Archived(PDF) from the original on October 20, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
- ^ Strategic Air Command (1963). "Strategic Air Command Operations in the Cuban Crisis of 1962 (Historical Study No. 90 Vol. 1)" (PDF). US Strategic Air Command, via the National Security Archive. pp. 58, 66, 97.
- ^ Naftali, Tim (26 August 2016). "CIA reveals its secret briefings to Presidents Nixon and Ford". CNN. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-7476-3. Archivedfrom the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
- ^ Probst, Reed R. (16 May 1977). "Negotiating With the North Koreans: The U.S. Experience at Panmunjom" (PDF). Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania: U.S. Army War College. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 24, 2005. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
- ^ "Complete 911 Timeline: Donald Rumsfeld's Actions on 9/11". www.historycommons.org. Archived from the original on 2021-07-01. Retrieved 2016-08-02.
External links
- Media related to DEFCON at Wikimedia Commons