Dallas

Coordinates: 32°46′45″N 96°48′32″W / 32.77917°N 96.80889°W / 32.77917; -96.80889
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Dallas
City
4th)
DemonymDallasite
GDP
 • Dallas (MSA)$688.9 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC−06:00 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−05:00 (Central)
ZIP Codes
ZIP Codes[7]
Area codes214, 469, 945, 972[8][9]
FIPS code48-19000[10]
GNIS feature ID1380944[2]
Websitedallascityhall.com

Dallas (

third-most populous city in Texas after Houston and San Antonio.[12][13] Located in the North Texas region, the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea.[a]

Dallas and nearby

Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, one of the largest and busiest airports in the world.[14] In addition, Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) operates rail and bus transit services throughout the city and its surrounding suburbs.[15]

Dominant sectors of its diverse economy include defense, financial services, information technology, telecommunications, and transportation.[16] The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex hosts 23 Fortune 500 companies, the second-most in Texas and fourth-most in the United States,[17][18] and 11 of those companies are located within Dallas city limits.[19] Over 41 colleges and universities are located within its metropolitan area, which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas. The city has a population from a myriad of ethnic and religious backgrounds and is one of the largest LGBT communities in the U.S.[20][21] WalletHub named Dallas the fifth-most diverse city in the United States in 2018.[22]

History

George C. Cram's 1890 map of Dallas

Indigenous tribes in North Texas included the Caddo, Tawakoni, Wichita, Kickapoo and Comanche.[23][24][25] Spanish colonists claimed the territory of Texas in the 18th century as a part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Later, France also claimed the area but never established much settlement. In all, six flags have flown over the area preceding and during the city's history: those of France, Spain, and Mexico, the flag of the Republic of Texas, the Confederate flag, and the flag of the United States of America.[26]

In 1819, the Adams–Onís Treaty between the United States and Spain defined the Red River as the northern boundary of New Spain, officially placing the future location of Dallas well within Spanish territory.[27][page needed] The area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico declared independence from Spain, and the area was considered part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. In 1836, Texians, with a majority of Anglo-American settlers, gained independence from Mexico and formed the Republic of Texas.[28]

Three years after Texas achieved independence, John Neely Bryan surveyed the area around present-day Dallas.[29] In 1839, accompanied by his dog and a Cherokee he called Ned, he planted a stake in the ground on a bluff located near three forks of the Trinity River and left.[30] Two years later, in 1841, he returned to establish a permanent settlement named Dallas.[31] The origin of the name is uncertain. The official historical marker states it was named after Vice President George M. Dallas of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. However, this is disputed. Other potential theories for the origin include his brother, Commodore Alexander James Dallas, as well as brothers Walter R. Dallas and James R. Dallas.[32][33] A further theory gives the ultimate origin as the village of Dallas, Moray, Scotland,[b] similar to the way Houston, Texas, was named after Sam Houston, whose ancestors came from the Scottish village of Houston, Renfrewshire.

The Republic of Texas was

skyscrapers west of the Mississippi and the tallest building in Texas for some time.[35] It marked the prominence of Dallas as a city. A racetrack for thoroughbreds
was built and their owners established the Dallas Jockey Club. Trotters raced at a track in Fort Worth, where a similar drivers club was based. The rapid expansion of population increased competition for jobs and housing.

In 1910, a white mob of hundreds of people lynched a black man, Allen Brooks, accused of raping a little girl. The mob tortured Brooks, then killed him at the downtown intersection of Main and Akard by hanging him from a decorative archway inscribed with the words "Welcome Visitors". Thousands of Dallasites came to gawk at the torture scene, collecting keepsakes and posing for photographs.[36][37]

In 1921, the Mexican president

Jacqueline, and others inside, minutes before he was assassinated

During World War II, Dallas was a major manufacturing center for military automobiles and aircraft for the United States and Allied forces. Over 94,000 jeeps and over 6,000 military trucks were produced at the Ford plant in East Dallas.[41] North American Aviation manufactured over 18,000 aircraft at their plant in Dallas, including the T-6 Texan trainer, P-51 Mustang fighter, and B-24 Liberator bomber.[42]

On November 22, 1963, United States President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Elm Street while his motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in Downtown Dallas.[43] The upper two floors of the building from which the Warren Commission reported assassin Lee Harvey Oswald shot Kennedy have been converted into a historical museum covering the former president's life and accomplishments.[44] Kennedy was pronounced dead at Dallas Parkland Memorial Hospital just over 30 minutes after the shooting.

On July 7, 2016,

Dallas College El Centro Campus. The shooting occurred in an area of hotels, restaurants, businesses, and residential apartments only a few blocks away from Dealey Plaza
.

Geography

on the end
Named after a Dallas philanthropist, the Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge spans the Trinity River.

Dallas is situated in the

enclaves are within the city boundaries—Cockrell Hill, Highland Park, and University Park. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 385.8 square miles (999.3 km2); 340.5 square miles (881.9 km2) of Dallas is land and 45.3 square miles (117.4 km2) of it (11.75%) is water.[47] Dallas makes up one-fifth of the much larger urbanized area known as the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex
, in which one quarter of all Texans live.

Architecture

Uptown Dallas
in the foreground (early 2022)

Dallas's skyline has twenty buildings classified as

JPMorgan Chase Tower, and Comerica Bank Tower. Downtown Dallas
also has residential offerings in downtown, some of which are signature skyline buildings.

Several smaller structures are fashioned in the

Swiss Avenue, which has all shades and variants of architecture from Victorian to neoclassical.[50] The Dallas Downtown Historic District
protects a cross-section of Dallas commercial architecture from the 1880s to the 1940s.

Neighborhoods

The city of Dallas is home to many areas, neighborhoods, and communities. Dallas can be divided into several geographical areas which include larger geographical sections of territory including many subdivisions or neighborhoods, forming macroneighborhoods.

Central Dallas

Central Dallas is anchored by

.

East Dallas

Munger Place. Its historic district has one of the largest collections of Frank Lloyd Wright-inspired prairie-style homes in the United States. In the northeast quadrant of the city is Lake Highlands, one of Dallas's most unified middle-class neighborhoods.[52]

Oak Cliff

Oak Cliff area with its Dallas Streetcar and Downtown Dallas on the end

Southwest of Downtown lies Oak Cliff. Once a separate city founded in the mid-1800s, Oak Cliff was annexed in 1903 by Dallas.[53] As one of the oldest areas in Dallas, the hilly North Oak Cliff is home to 5 of the 13 conservation districts in Dallas including the architecturally significant Kessler Park neighborhood and trendy Bishop Arts District.

South Dallas

South Dallas is the location of Cedars, and Fair Park, where the annual State Fair of Texas is held from late September through mid-October. Also located here is Exposition Park, Dallas, noted for having artists, art galleries, and bars along tree-lined Exposition Avenue.[54]

South Side Dallas is a popular location for nightly entertainment. The neighborhood has undergone extensive development and community integration. What was once an area characterized by high rates of poverty and crime is now one of the city's most attractive social and living destinations.[55][56]

Further east, in the southeast quadrant of the city, is the large neighborhood of Pleasant Grove. Once an independent city, it is a collection of mostly lower-income residential areas stretching to Seagoville in the southeast. Though a city neighborhood, Pleasant Grove is surrounded by undeveloped land on all sides. Swampland and wetlands separating it from South Dallas are part of the Great Trinity Forest,[57] a subsection of the city's Trinity River Project, newly appreciated for habitat and flood control.

Districts

Skyline of Dallas at night

Topography

West End Historic District
Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden
Dallas on July 1, 2022, with north oriented down and to the left. Taken during Expedition 67 of the International Space Station.
White Rock Lake and the Bath House Cultural Center

Dallas and its surrounding area are mostly flat. The city lies at elevations ranging from 450 to 550 feet (137 to 168 m) above sea level. The western edge of the Austin Chalk Formation, a limestone escarpment (also known as the "White Rock Escarpment"), rises 230 feet (70 m) and runs roughly north–south through Dallas County. South of the Trinity River, the uplift is particularly noticeable in the neighborhoods of Oak Cliff and the adjacent cities of Cockrell Hill, Cedar Hill, Grand Prairie, and Irving. Marked variations in terrain are also found in cities immediately to the west in Tarrant County surrounding Fort Worth, as well as along Turtle Creek north of Downtown.

Dallas, like many other cities, was founded along a river. The city was founded at the location of a "white rock crossing" of the Trinity River, where it was easier for wagons to cross the river in the days before ferries or bridges. The Trinity River, though not usefully navigable, is the major waterway through the city.

Interstate 45 until it exits the city and heads southeast towards Houston. The river is flanked on both sides by 50 feet (15 m) tall earthen levees to protect the city from frequent floods.[58]

Since it was rerouted in the late 1920s, the river has been little more than a drainage ditch within a floodplain for several miles above and below Downtown, with a more normal course further upstream and downstream, but as Dallas began shifting towards postindustrial society, public outcry about the lack of aesthetic and recreational use of the river ultimately gave way to the Trinity River Project,[59] which was begun in the early 2000s.

The project area reaches for over 20 miles (32 km) in length within the city, while the overall geographical land area addressed by the Land Use Plan is approximately 44,000 acres (180 km2) in size—about 20% of the land area in Dallas. Green space along the river encompasses approximately 10,000 acres (40 km2), making it one of the largest and diverse urban parks in the world.[60]

White Rock Lake and Joe Pool Lake are reservoirs that comprise Dallas's other significant water features. Built at the beginning of the 20th century, White Rock Lake Park is a popular destination for boaters, rowers, joggers, and bikers, as well as visitors seeking peaceful respite from the city at the 66-acre (267,000 m2) Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden, on the lake's eastern shore. White Rock Creek feeds into White Rock Lake and then exits into the Trinity River southeast of Downtown Dallas. Trails along White Rock Creek are part of the extensive Dallas County Trails System.

Hensley Field) and a number of defense aircraft manufacturers.[62][63]
Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, a plan the lake's neighboring cities oppose.[64]

Climate

Dallas, Texas
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
2.6
 
 
58
38
 
 
2.8
 
 
62
42
 
 
3.5
 
 
70
49
 
 
3.2
 
 
77
57
 
 
4.6
 
 
85
66
 
 
3.8
 
 
93
74
 
 
1.7
 
 
97
78
 
 
2.2
 
 
97
77
 
 
3.1
 
 
90
70
 
 
4.8
 
 
80
59
 
 
2.9
 
 
68
48
 
 
3.2
 
 
59
40
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: NOAA[65]
Metric conversion
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
66
 
 
14
3
 
 
71
 
 
17
6
 
 
88
 
 
21
10
 
 
80
 
 
25
14
 
 
116
 
 
29
19
 
 
97
 
 
34
23
 
 
43
 
 
36
25
 
 
56
 
 
36
25
 
 
79
 
 
32
21
 
 
122
 
 
26
15
 
 
74
 
 
20
9
 
 
82
 
 
15
4
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

Dallas has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) characteristic of the Southern Plains of the United States. It also has both continental and tropical characteristics, characterized by a relatively wide annual temperature range for the latitude. Located at the lower end of Tornado Alley, it is prone to extreme weather, tornadoes, and hailstorms.

Summers in Dallas are very hot with high humidity, although extended periods of dry weather often occur. July and August are typically the hottest months, with an average high of 96.0 

Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.[66][67]

Winters in Dallas are usually mild, with occasional cold spells. The average date of first frost is November 12, and the average date of last frost is March 12.

Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport reached −2 °F (−19 °C) on February 16, 2021, during the February 2021 North American winter storm
.

Spring and autumn are transitional seasons with moderate and pleasant weather. Vibrant

flora) bloom in spring and are planted around the highways throughout Texas.[70] Springtime weather can be quite volatile
, but temperatures themselves are mild. Late spring to early summer also tends to be the most humid, with humidity levels frequently exceeding 75%. The weather in Dallas is also generally pleasant from late September to early December and on many winter days. Autumn often brings more storms and tornado threats, but they are usually fewer and less severe than in spring.

Sunset in Downtown Dallas

Each spring, cold fronts moving south from the North collide with warm, humid air streaming in from the

Gulf Coast, leading to severe thunderstorms with lightning, torrents of rain, hail, and occasionally, tornadoes. Over time, tornadoes have probably been the most significant natural threat to the city, as it is near the heart of Tornado Alley
.

A few times each winter in Dallas, warm and humid air from the south will override cold, dry air, resulting in freezing rain or ice and causing disruptions in the city if the roads and highways become slick. Temperatures reaching 70 °F (21 °C) on average occur on at least four days each winter month. Dallas averages 26 annual nights at or below freezing,[66] with the winter of 1999–2000 holding the record for the fewest freezing nights with 14. During this same span of 15 years,[specify] the temperature in the region has only twice dropped below 15 °F (−9 °C), though it will generally fall below 20 °F (−7 °C) in most (67%) years.[66]

The

palms, nearly all of which died off during the February 2021 North American winter storm. According to the American Lung Association, Dallas has the 12th highest air pollution among U.S. cities, ranking it behind Los Angeles and Houston.[73] Much of the air pollution in Dallas and the surrounding area comes from a hazardous materials incineration plant in the small town of Midlothian and from cement plants in neighboring Ellis County.[74]

The average daily low in Dallas is 57.4 °F (14 °C), and the average daily high is 76.9 °F (25 °C). Dallas receives approximately 39.1 inches (993 mm) of rain per year. The record snowfall for Dallas was 11.2 inches (28 cm) on February 11, 2010.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 88
(31)
95
(35)
97
(36)
100
(38)
103
(39)
112
(44)
112
(44)
111
(44)
110
(43)
100
(38)
92
(33)
89
(32)
112
(44)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 76.7
(24.8)
80.5
(26.9)
85.9
(29.9)
89.0
(31.7)
95.0
(35.0)
98.9
(37.2)
103.6
(39.8)
104.1
(40.1)
99.1
(37.3)
92.5
(33.6)
82.9
(28.3)
77.9
(25.5)
105.5
(40.8)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 57.7
(14.3)
62.0
(16.7)
69.9
(21.1)
77.4
(25.2)
84.9
(29.4)
92.7
(33.7)
96.9
(36.1)
97.1
(36.2)
90.0
(32.2)
79.5
(26.4)
67.8
(19.9)
59.2
(15.1)
77.9
(25.5)
Daily mean °F (°C) 47.8
(8.8)
52.0
(11.1)
59.6
(15.3)
67.1
(19.5)
75.4
(24.1)
83.3
(28.5)
87.3
(30.7)
87.3
(30.7)
80.1
(26.7)
69.1
(20.6)
57.8
(14.3)
49.5
(9.7)
68.0
(20.0)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 37.9
(3.3)
41.9
(5.5)
49.4
(9.7)
56.8
(13.8)
66.0
(18.9)
73.8
(23.2)
77.7
(25.4)
77.4
(25.2)
70.1
(21.2)
58.7
(14.8)
47.8
(8.8)
39.8
(4.3)
58.1
(14.5)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 22.5
(−5.3)
26.5
(−3.1)
31.1
(−0.5)
41.3
(5.2)
52.0
(11.1)
64.2
(17.9)
70.8
(21.6)
69.4
(20.8)
56.8
(13.8)
42.0
(5.6)
31.2
(−0.4)
25.1
(−3.8)
19.1
(−7.2)
Record low °F (°C) −3
(−19)
2
(−17)
11
(−12)
30
(−1)
39
(4)
53
(12)
56
(13)
57
(14)
36
(2)
26
(−3)
17
(−8)
1
(−17)
−3
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.59
(66)
2.78
(71)
3.45
(88)
3.15
(80)
4.57
(116)
3.83
(97)
2.54
(65)
2.31
(59)
3.10
(79)
4.79
(122)
2.93
(74)
3.23
(82)
39.33
(999)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.1
(0.25)
0.9
(2.3)
0.3
(0.76)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.25)
0.3
(0.76)
1.7
(4.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 7.0 6.9 8.1 7.3 9.4 7.3 4.9 5.1 5.6 7.2 6.5 6.9 82.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 1.5
Average
relative humidity
(%)
67.5 66.4 63.7 65.3 69.7 65.8 60.0 60.5 66.5 65.7 67.4 67.5 65.4
Average dew point °F (°C) 31.3
(−0.4)
35.2
(1.8)
42.6
(5.9)
52.0
(11.1)
61.0
(16.1)
66.6
(19.2)
67.6
(19.8)
66.7
(19.3)
63.3
(17.4)
53.2
(11.8)
43.7
(6.5)
34.7
(1.5)
51.5
(10.8)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 183.5 178.3 227.7 236.0 258.4 297.8 332.4 304.5 246.2 228.1 183.8 173.0 2,849.7
Percent possible sunshine 58 58 61 61 60 69 76 74 66 65 59 56 64
Average ultraviolet index 3 5 7 9 10 10 10 10 8 6 4 3 7
Source 1:
Source 2: Weather Atlas (Average UV index)[79]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
18501,073
1860698−34.9%
18703,000329.8%
188010,358245.3%
189038,069267.5%
190042,63912.0%
191092,104116.0%
1920158,97672.6%
1930269,47569.5%
1940294,7349.4%
1950434,46247.4%
1960679,68456.4%
1970844,40124.2%
1980904,0787.1%
19901,006,97711.4%
20001,188,58018.0%
20101,197,8160.8%
20201,304,3798.9%
2022 (est.)1,299,544−0.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[80]
2010–2020[3]

Dallas is the

2010 United States census.[81] However, as of July 1, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that Dallas in first years since the 2020 census lost 4,835 people, leaving the city with a population of 1,299,544.[3]

There were 524,498 households at the 2020 estimates,[82] up from 2010's 458,057 households, out of which 137,523 had children under the age of 18 living with them.[83] Approximately 36.2% of households were headed by married couples living together, 57.2% had a single householder male or female with no spouse present, and 35.6% were classified as non-family households with the householder living alone.[82] In 2010, 33.7% of all households had one or more people under 18 years of age, and 17.6% had one or more people who were 65 years of age or older. The average household size in 2020 was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.41.[83] In 2018, the owner-occupied housing rate was 40.2% and the renter-occupied housing rate was 59.8%.[84] At the 2010 census, the city's age distribution of the population showed 26.5% under the age of 18 and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.8 years. In 2010, 50.0% of the population was male and 50.0% was female.[85] In 2020, the median age 32.9 years; for every 100 females, there were 98.4 males.[86]

According to the 2020 American Community Survey, the median income for a household in the city was $54,747; families had a median household income of $60,895; married-couple families $81,761; and non-families $45,658.[87] In 2003–2007's survey, male full-time workers had a median income of $32,265 versus $32,402 for female full-time workers. The per capita income for the city was $25,904. About 18.7% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.6% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those aged 65 or over. Per 2007's survey, the median price for a house was $129,600;[88] by 2020, the median price for a house was valued at $252,300, with 54.4% of owner-occupied units from $50,000 to $299,999.[89]

The 2022 Point-In-Time Homeless Count found there were 4,410 homeless people in Dallas.[90][91] According to the Metro Dallas Homeless Alliance Continuum of Care 2022 Homeless Count & Survey Independent Analysis, "approximately 1 of 3 (31%) those experiencing homelessness were found on the streets or in other places not meant for human habitation."[91]

The region surrounding Dallas is a habitat for mosquitoes, creating a pest problem for humans. Dallas and the surrounding area is sprayed regularly to control mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile virus.[92]

Race and ethnicity

Racial composition 2020[93] 2010[94] 1990[95] 1970[95] 1950[95]
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 42.3% 42.4% 20.9% 7.5%[f] n/a
White (non-Hispanic) 28.1% 28.8% 47.7% 66.9%[f] n/a
Black or African American
22.9% 24.7% 29.5% 24.9% 13.1%
Asian
3.7% 2.9% 2.2% 0.2%
Map of racial distribution in Dallas, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people:  White  Black  Asian  Hispanic  Other

Dallas's population was historically predominantly White (non-Hispanic Whites made up 82.8% of the population in 1930),[96] but its population has diversified due to immigration and white flight over the 20th century. Since then, the non-Hispanic White population has declined to less than one-third of the city's population.[97] According to the 2010 U.S. census, 50.7% of the population was White (28.8% non-Hispanic White), 24.8% was Black or African American, 0.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9% Asian, and 2.6% from two or more races; 42.4% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino American origin (they may be of any race).[98]

At the

Puerto Rican, 0.2% Cuban and 6.0% other Hispanic or Latino American. In 2017's American Community Survey estimates among the demographic 35.5% were Mexican, 0.6% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Cuban, and 5.4% other Hispanic or Latino.[101] By 2020, Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race continued to constitute the largest ethnic group in the city proper,[93] reflecting nationwide demographic trends.[102][103][104]

The Dallas area is a major destination for

Pleasant Grove is chiefly inhabited by African American and Hispanic or Latino American residents, while the southern portion of the city is predominantly black.[107][108] The west and east sides of the city are predominantly Hispanic or Latino American; Garland also has a large Spanish-speaking population. North Dallas
has many enclaves of predominantly white, black and especially Hispanic or Latino American residents.

The Dallas area is also a major destination for Black and African Americans primarily due to its strong and diverse economy.

Atlanta area and slightly above the Houston area.[111] The notable influx of African Americans is partly due to the New Great Migration.[112] There is a significant number of people from the Horn of Africa, immigrants from Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia.[113]

The Dallas–Fort-Worth metroplex had an estimated 70,000 Russian-speakers (as of November 6, 2012) mostly immigrants from the former

Soviet Bloc.[114] Included in this population are Russians, Russian Jews, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Moldavians, Uzbek, Kirghiz, and others. The Russian-speaking population of Dallas has continued to grow in the sector of "American husbands-Russian wives". Russian DFW has its own newspaper, The Dallas Telegraph.[115][116]

In addition, Dallas and its suburbs are home to a large number of Asian Americans including those of Indian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Japanese, and other heritage.[117][118] Among large-sized cities in the United States, Plano, the northern suburb of Dallas, has the 6th largest Chinese American population as of 2016. The Plano-Richardson area in particular had an estimated 30,000 Iranian Americans in 2012.[119][120] With so many immigrant groups, there are often multilingual signs in the linguistic landscape. According to U.S. Census Bureau data released in December 2013, 23 percent of Dallas County residents were foreign-born, while 16 percent of Tarrant County residents were foreign-born.[121] The 2018 census estimates determined that the city of Dallas's foreign-born population consisted of 25.4% naturalized citizens and 74.6% non-citizens.[122]

Sexual orientation and gender identity

Gayborhood
" of Dallas

Recognized for having one of the largest

Bishop Arts districts have been known as the epicenters of LGBT culture in Dallas.[127]

Religion

Religious affiliation (2020)[128]
Christian
77%
Protestant
50%
Catholic
24%
Other Christian
3%
Unaffiliated
19%
Jewish
1%
Muslim
1%
Other faiths
2%
Saint Seraphim Cathedral

Christianity is the most prevalently practiced religion in Dallas and the wider metropolitan area according to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center (78%),[129][130] and the Public Religion Research Institute's 2020 study (77%).[131] There is a large Protestant Christian influence in the Dallas community, though the city of Dallas and Dallas County have more Catholic than Protestant residents, while the reverse is usually true for the suburban areas of Dallas and the city of Fort Worth.

Dallas has been called the "Prison Ministry Capital of the World" by the prison ministry community.[132] It is a home for the International Network of Prison Ministries, the Coalition of Prison Evangelists, Bill Glass Champions for Life, Chaplain Ray's International Prison Ministry, and 60 other prison ministries.[133]

evangelical Protestantism constituted the largest form of Protestantism in the area as of 2014.[134] The largest single evangelical Protestant group were Baptists. The largest Baptist denomination was the Southern Baptist Convention, followed by the historically black National Baptist Convention USA.[134] African-initiated Protestant churches including Ethiopian Evangelical churches can be found throughout the metropolitan area.[135][136]

The

The city is home to a sizable

Dallas's

Temple Emanu-El) in 1873, Dallasite Jews have been well represented among leaders in commerce, politics, and various professional fields in Dallas and elsewhere.[145][146] Furthermore, a large Muslim community exists in the north and northeastern portions of Dallas, as well as in the northern Dallas suburbs.[147] The oldest mosque in Dallas is Masjid Al-Islam just south of Downtown.[148][149]

Dallas has a large Buddhist community. Immigrants from

Crime

According to the FBI, a city to city comparison of crime rates can be misleading, because recording practices vary from city to city, citizens report different percentages of crimes from one city to the next, and the actual number of people physically present in a city is unknown.[155] With that in mind, Dallas has one of the top 10 crime rates in Texas and its crime rate is higher than the national average.[156][157]

Since 2020, Dallas' murder rate has seen a notable increase. In 2020, Dallas recorded 251 murders which was a 20-year high. By 2022 it decreased to 214 but then increased to 246 in 2023.[158] As of 2020, the gang presence in Dallas has grown significantly and is heavily responsible for the spike in crime.[159] Dallas leaders have made crime reduction a major priority.[160][161]

Economy

Top publicly traded companies
in Dallas for 2017

according to revenues
with Dallas and U.S. ranks.
DAL Corporation US
1
AT&T
9
2
Energy Transfer Equity
79
3 Tenet Healthcare 134
4 Southwest Airlines 138
5 Texas Instruments 206
6
Jacobs Engineering
259
7 HF Sinclair 274
8 Dean Foods 351
9 Builders FirstSource 421
Source: Dallas Morning News[162]
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
Comerica Bank Tower
Galleria Dallas

In its beginnings, Dallas relied on farming, neighboring

rail lines through the city. As Dallas grew and technology developed, cotton became its boon and by 1900, Dallas was the largest inland cotton market in the world, becoming a leader in cotton gin
machinery manufacturing.

By the early 1900s, Dallas was a hub for economic activity all over the Southern United States and was selected in 1914 as the seat of the

Panhandle, the Gulf Coast, and Oklahoma in the following years further solidified Dallas' position as the hub of the market.[163]

The end of

Verizon Communications, and CompUSA (which is now headquartered in Miami, Florida).[164] Texas Instruments, a major manufacturer, employs 10,400 people at its corporate headquarters and chip plants in Dallas.[165]

In the 1980s Dallas was a real estate hotbed, with the increasing metropolitan population bringing with it a demand for new housing and office space. Several of Downtown Dallas' largest buildings are the fruit of this boom, but over-speculation, the savings and loan crisis and an oil bust brought the 1980s building boom to an end for Dallas as well as its sister city Houston. Between the late 1980s and the early 2000s, central Dallas went through a slow period of growth. However, since the early 2000s the central core of Dallas has been enjoying steady and significant growth encompassing both repurposing of older commercial buildings in Downtown Dallas into residential and hotel uses, as well as the construction of new office and residential towers. The opening of Klyde Warren Park, built across Woodall Rodgers Freeway seamlessly connecting the central Dallas CBD to Uptown/Victory Park, has acted synergistically with the highly successful Dallas Arts District, so both have become catalysts for significant new development in central Dallas.

The residential real estate market in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex has not only been resilient but has once again returned to a boom status. Dallas and the greater metro area have been leading the nation in apartment construction and net leasing, with rents reaching all-time highs. Single family home sales, whether pre-owned or new construction, along with home price appreciation, were leading the nation since 2015.[166][167]

A sudden drop in the price of oil, starting in mid-2014 and accelerating throughout 2015, has not significantly affected Dallas and its greater metro area due to the highly diversified nature of its economy. Dallas and the metropolitan region continue to see strong demand for housing, apartment and office leasing, shopping center space, warehouse and industrial space with overall job growth remaining very robust. Oil-dependent cities and regions have felt significant effects from the downturn, but Dallas's growth has continued unabated, strengthening in 2015. Significant national headquarters relocations to the area (as exemplified by Toyota's decision to leave California and establish its new North American headquarters in the Dallas area) coupled with significant expansions of regional offices for a variety of corporations and along with company relocations to Downtown Dallas helped drive the boom in the Dallas economy.

The Dallas–Fort Worth area has one of the largest concentrations of corporate headquarters for publicly traded companies in the United States. Fortune Magazine's 2022 annual list of the Fortune 500 in America indicates the city of Dallas had 11 Fortune 500 companies,.[19] and the DFW region as a whole had 23.[18] As of 2022, Dallas–Fort Worth represents the second-largest concentration of Fortune 500 headquarters in Texas and fourth-largest in the United States, behind the metropolitan areas of Houston (24), Chicago (35) and New York (62).[18]

In 2008,

HollyFrontier, Dean Foods, and Builders FirstSource. In October 2016, Jacobs Engineering, one of the world's largest engineering companies, relocated from Pasadena, California to Downtown Dallas.[172]

Nearby Irving is home to six Fortune 500 companies of its own, including

D.R. Horton, the largest homebuilder in America.[176] Westlake, TX, north of Fort Worth, now has two Fortune 500 companies: Financial services giant, Charles Schwab, and convenience store distributor, Core-Mark.[177][178] One Fortune 500 company, GameStop, is based in Grapevine
.

NorthPark Center

Additional major companies headquartered in Dallas and its metro area include

Fossil, Inc. Many of these companies—and others throughout the DFW metroplex—comprise the Dallas Regional Chamber. Susan G. Komen for the Cure, the world's largest breast cancer organization, was founded and is headquartered in Dallas.[180]

In addition to its large number of businesses, Dallas has more shopping centers per capita than any other city in the United States and is also home to the second shopping center ever built in the United States,

Dallas Galleria and NorthPark Center, which is the second largest mall in Texas. Both malls feature high-end stores and are major tourist draws for the region.[182][183]

According to Forbes magazine's annual list of "The Richest People in America" published September 21, 2011, the city is home to 17 billionaires, up from 14 in 2009. In 2009 (with 14 billionaires) the city placed sixth worldwide among cities with the most billionaires.[184][185]

Dallas is the third most popular destination for business travel in the United States, and the

501(c)(6) organization contracted to promote tourism and attract conventions but an audit released in January 2019 cast doubts on its effectiveness in achieving those goals.[187]

Arts and culture

Internal view of Margot and Bill Winspear Opera House

Arts and museums

The

Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art
.

The Perot Museum of Nature and Science, also in Downtown Dallas, is a natural history and science museum. Designed by 2005 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate Thom Mayne and his firm Morphosis Architects, the 180,000-square-foot (17,000 m2) facility has six floors and stands about 14 stories high.

Venues that are part of the AT&T

Dallas Center for the Performing Arts include Moody Performance Hall, home to the Dallas Chamber Symphony; the Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre, home to the Dallas Theater Center and the Dallas Black Dance Theater; and the Winspear Opera House, home to the Dallas Opera and Texas Ballet Theater.[189][190]

Dallas Holocaust and Human Rights Museum

Not far north of the area is the Meadows Museum at Southern Methodist University. In 2009, it joined up with Madrid's Prado Museum for a three-year partnership. The Prado focuses on Spanish visual art and has a collection of Spanish art in North America, with works by de Juanes, El Greco, Fortuny, Goya, Murillo, Picasso, Pkensa, Ribera, Rico, Velasquez, Zurbaran, and other Spaniards.

These works, as well as non-Spanish highlights like sculptures by Rodin and Moore, have been so successful of a collaboration that the Prado and Meadows have agreed upon an extension of the partnership.[191]

The Institute for Creation Research operates the

shot and killed President John F. Kennedy in 1963, has served since the 1980s as a county government office building, except for its sixth and seventh floors, which house the Sixth Floor Museum
.

the Dallas Contemporary
.

American Airlines Center

Robert Johnson, Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter, and Bessie Smith played in original Deep Ellum clubs such as the Harlem and the Palace. Today, Deep Ellum is home to hundreds of artists who live in lofts and operate in studios throughout the district alongside bars, pubs, and concert venues.[195]

A major art infusion in the area results from the city's lax stance on graffiti, and a number of public spaces, including tunnels, sides of buildings, sidewalks, and streets, are covered in murals. One major example, the Good-Latimer tunnel, was torn down in late 2006 to accommodate the construction of a light rail line through the site.[196]

Dallas Museum of Art

Like Deep Ellum before it, the

Cedars neighborhood to the south of Downtown has also seen a growing population of studio artists and an expanding roster of entertainment venues. The area's art scene began to grow in the early 2000s with the opening of Southside on Lamar, an old Sears Roebuck and Company warehouse converted into lofts, studios, and retail.[197]

Current attractions include Gilley's Dallas and Poor David's Pub.

Cedars Station in September 2005, and locals speculate he is planning an entertainment complex for the site.[200]

South of the Trinity River, the Bishop Arts District in Oak Cliff is home to a number of studio artists living in converted warehouses. Walls of buildings along alleyways and streets are painted with murals, and the surrounding streets contain many eclectic restaurants and shops.[201]

Dallas has an Office of Cultural Affairs as a department of the city government. The office is responsible for six cultural centers throughout the city, funding for local artists and theaters, initiating public art projects, and running the city-owned classical radio station WRR.[202] The Los Angeles-class submarine USS Dallas was planned to become a museum ship near the Trinity River after her decommissioning in September 2014, but this has since been delayed.[203] It will be taken apart into massive sections in Houston and be transported by trucks to the museum site and will be put back together.

Libraries

Dallas Public Library

The city is served by the Dallas Public Library system. The system was created by the Dallas Federation of Women's Clubs with efforts spearheaded by then president May Dickson Exall. Her fundraising efforts led to a grant from philanthropist and steel baron Andrew Carnegie, which allowed the library system to build its first branch in 1901.[204]

Today, the library operates 30 branch locations throughout the city, including the 8-story J. Erik Jonsson Central Library in the Government District of Downtown.[205]

Places of interest

Cuisine

Dallas is known for its

Tex-Mex cuisine. Famous products of the Dallas culinary scene include the Frozen margarita machine by restaurateur Mariano Martinez (entrepreneur) in 1971.[206]

The Texas State Fair in Fair Park

Events

The

Heart of Dallas Bowl at the Cotton Bowl
.

Other festivals include several

Arts District
.

With the opening of

Victory Park, WFAA began hosting an annual New Year's Eve celebration in AT&T Plaza that the television station hoped would reminisce of celebrations in New York's Times Square; on New Year's Eve 2011 set a new record of 32,000 people in attendance.[209]

After the discontinuance of the "Big D NYE" festivities a few years later, a new end-of-year event was started downtown, with a big fireworks show put on at

KXAS
and other TV stations around the state and region. Also, several Omni hotels in the Dallas area host large events to welcome in the new year, including murder mystery parties, rave-inspired events, and other events.

Sports

AT&T Stadium, home of the Dallas Cowboys
Dirk Nowitzki with the Mavericks
Red River Showdown
.

Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup
in 1997 and 2016. Additionally, there are several minor league and college sports programs in the area.

Since joining the league as an expansion team in 1960, the Cowboys have enjoyed substantial success, advancing to eight

Super Bowls and winning five. The Cowboys are financially the most valuable sports franchise in the world, worth approximately $4 billion.[212] In 2009, they relocated to their new 80,000-seat stadium in Arlington, which was the site of Super Bowl XLV[213] and is set to host the most matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[214][215] The Cowboys are currently part of the East Division of the National Football Conference
(NFC).

The Texas Rangers won the American League pennant in 2010, 2011 and 2023, and won the World Series in 2023. The franchise relocated from Washington D.C. in 1972. They play in the West Division of the American League.

The Dallas Mavericks joined the league as an expansion team in 1980. They won their first National Basketball Association championship in 2011 led by Dirk Nowitzki.[216] They play in the Southwest Division of the Western Conference.

The Dallas Stars moved to North Texas in 1993 as a relocation from the former team, the Minnesota North Stars. The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, two Presidents' Trophies as the top regular season team in the NHL, the Western Conference championship three times, and in 1998–99, the Stanley Cup. The team plays in the Central Division of the Western Conference.

North American Soccer League
from 1968 to 1981.

The Dallas Wings came to The Metroplex in 2016 after relocating from Tulsa.

There are many notable minor league teams in the Dallas-Fort Worth. The

NHL's Seattle Kraken. The team was founded in 2009 in the Central Hockey League(CHL). They have won 4 straight championships, 2 in the CHL (2012–13, 2013–14) and 2 in the ECHL(2014–15, 2015–16
).

The

Globe Life Park, the former home of the Texas Rangers.[218]

The

Dallas Sidekicks (2012) are an American professional indoor soccer team based in Allen, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. They play their home games in the Credit Union of Texas Event Center. The team is named after the original Dallas Sidekicks that operated from 1984 to 2004. The MLS-affiliated North Texas SC team is a member of MLS Next Pro and plays in Frisco at Toyota Stadium; it is the reserve team of FC Dallas. The Dallas Mavericks own an NBA G League team, the Texas Legends
.

.

The only

2014 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament at AT&T Stadium. The college Cotton Bowl Classic football game was played at the Cotton Bowl through its 2009 game
, but has moved to AT&T Stadium.

The

rivalry game played annually at the Cotton Bowl Stadium during the second weekend of the State Fair of Texas in October. The game is played by the Oklahoma Sooners football team of the University of Oklahoma and the Texas Longhorns football team of the University of Texas at Austin. The 10,000-capacity Forester Stadium, which is used mainly for football and soccer, is also located in Dallas.[225][226]

Parks and recreation

Stevens Park Golf Course, in the Kessler Park neighborhood, with the view of Downtown Dallas on the end

Dallas maintains and operates 406 parks on 21,000 acres (85 km2) of parkland.[227][228] The city's parks contain 17 separate lakes, including

Katy Trail, and is home to 47 community and neighborhood recreation centers, 276 sports fields, 60 swimming pools, 232 playgrounds, 173 basketball courts, 112 volleyball courts, 126 play slabs, 258 neighborhood tennis courts, 258 picnic areas, six 18-hole golf courses, two driving ranges, and 477 athletic fields as of 2013.[229]

Fair Park

Dallas's flagship park is Fair Park. Built in 1936 for the Texas Centennial Exposition world's fair, Fair Park is the world's largest collection of Art Deco exhibit buildings, art, and sculptures; Fair Park is also home to the State Fair of Texas, the largest state fair in the United States. In November 2019, consultants presented to the public a master plan to revitalize the area.[230]

Klyde Warren Park

Images taken of and from Klyde Warren Park

Named after Klyde Warren, the young son of billionaire

amphitheater, jogging trails, a children's park, a dog park, a putting green, croquet, ping pong, chess, an outdoor library, and two restaurants. Food trucks give another option of dining and are lined along the park's Downtown side. There are also weekly planned events, including yoga, Zumba, skyline tours, tai chi, and meditation.[231] Klyde Warren Park is home to a free trolley stop on Olive St., which riders can connect to Downtown, McKinney Avenue, and West Village
.

Turtle Creek Parkway park

Turtle Creek Park during a snowfall of winter

Built in 1913, Turtle Creek Parkway park is a 23.7-acre (9.6 ha) linear park in between Turtle Creek and Turtle Creek Boulevard in the aptly named Turtle Creek neighborhood.[232] Archaeological surveys discovered dart points and flint chips dating 3,000 years to 1,000 BCE. This site was later discovered to be home to Native Americans who cherished the trees and natural spring water. The park is across Turtle Creek from Kalita Humphreys Theater, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.

Lake Cliff Park

Lake Cliff Park

Opened on July 4, 1906, Lake Cliff Park was called "the Southwest's Greatest Playground". The park was home to an amusement park, a large pool, waterslides, the world's largest skating rink, and three theaters, the largest being the 2,500-seat Casino Theater. After the streetcar bridge that brought most of the park visitors collapsed, Lake Cliff Park was sold. The Casino Theater moved and the pool was demolished after a polio scare in 1959. The pool was Dallas's first municipal pool.[233]

Reverchon Park

In 1935, Dallas purchased 36 acres (15 ha) from John Cole's estate to develop

Cleveland Indians.[237]

Trinity River Project

Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the Trinity River Project

As part of the ongoing Trinity River Project, the Great Trinity Forest, at 6,000 acres (24 km2), is the largest urban hardwood forest in the United States and is part of the largest urban park in the United States.[57] The Trinity River Audubon Center is a new addition to the park. Opened in 2008, it serves as a gateway to many trails and other nature-viewing activities in the area. The Trinity River Audubon Center is the first LEED-certified building built by the City of Dallas Parks and Recreation Department.

Katy Trail

Named after its former railroad name, the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad (or "MKT" Railroad), the 3.5-mile (5.6 km) stretch of railroad was purchased by the city of Dallas and transformed into the city's premier trail. Stretching from Victory Park, the 30-acre (12 ha) Katy Trail passes through the Turtle Creek and Knox Park neighborhoods and runs along the east side of Highland Park. The trail ends at Central Expressway, but extensions are underway to extend the trail to the White Rock Lake Trail in Lakewood.[233]

Preserves

Dallas hosts three of the twenty-one preserves of the extensive 3,200 acres (13 km2) Dallas County Preserve System. The Joppa Preserve, the McCommas Bluff Preserve, and the Cedar Ridge Preserve are within the Dallas city limits. The Cedar Ridge Preserve was known as the Dallas Nature Center, but the Audubon Dallas group now manages the 633-acre (2.56 km2) natural habitat park on behalf of the city of Dallas and Dallas County. The preserve sits at an elevation of 755 feet (230 m) above sea level and offers a variety of outdoor activities, including 10 miles (16 km) of hiking trails and picnic areas.

Dallas Zoo

The city is also home to Texas's first and largest zoo, the 106-acre (0.43 km2) Dallas Zoo, which opened at its current location in 1888.[238][239]

Government

Local representation

Flags at City Hall Plaza, Dallas
Dallas City Hall
Built in 1913, the Dallas Municipal Building was Dallas's old City Hall facility.
Old Red Museum
, displaying artifacts from Dallas County history.
President Ronald Reagan giving his acceptance speech at the Republican National Convention in Dallas

The city uses a

council-manager government, with Eric Johnson serving as mayor,[240] T.C. Broadnax serving as city manager,[241] and 14 council members serving as representatives to the 14 council districts in the city.[242][243][244] This organizational structure was contested by some in favor of a strong-mayor city charter,[245] only to be rejected by Dallas voters.[246] In 1969, Anita N. Martínez become the first Latin American to sit as a councilwoman in Dallas's city council.[247]

In the 2017–2018 fiscal year, the city's total budget (the sum of operating and capital budgets) was $3.3 billion.[248] The city has seen a steady increase in its budget due to sustained growth: the budget was $1.7 billion in 2002–2003,[249] $1.9 billion in 2003–2004,[249] $2.0 billion in 2004–2005,[250] and $2.2 billion in 2005–2006.[250]

Federal and state representation

National and state legislators representing Dallas:

Federal[251]
House of Representatives Senate
Name Party District Name Party
Keith Self Republican District 3 John Cornyn Republican
Lance Gooden Republican District 5 Ted Cruz Republican
Beth Van Duyne Republican District 24
Michael C. Burgess Republican District 26
Jasmine Crockett Democratic District 30
Colin Allred Democratic District 32
Marc Veasey Democratic District 33
State[251]
House of Representatives Senate
Name Party District Name Party District
Vacant Democratic District 100 Bob Hall [1] Republican District 2
Ana-Maria Ramos Democratic District 102 Angela Paxton [2] Republican District 8
Rafael Anchia
Democratic District 103 Kelly Hancock [3] Republican District 9
Jessica González Democratic District 104 Nathan M. Johnson [4] Democratic District 16
Terry Meza Democratic District 105 Royce West [5] Democratic District 23
Victoria Neave Democratic District 107
Morgan Meyer Republican District 108
Carl Sherman
Democratic District 109
Toni Rose Democratic District 110
Yvonne Davis Democratic District 111
Angie Chen Button Republican District 112
Rhetta Bowers Democratic District 113
John Turner Democratic District 114
Julie Johnson Democratic District 115

The

United States Bankruptcy and Magistrate Courts and a United States Attorney
office. Dallas also is the seat of the Fifth Court of Appeals of Texas.

Politics

Since 2023, Dallas has been the largest city in the United States with a Republican mayor after Eric Johnson switched parties after winning re-election. He ran and was elected as a Democrat.[g] However, the city is normally a Democratic stronghold, with over 69% of voters supporting Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election and 67% of voters supporting Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election (excluding write-ins).[252] Democratic voters dominate the majority of the city, especially the central urban core and southern sectors, with Republicans spreading a sliver of suburban neighborhoods in North Dallas. In the 2004 U.S. presidential election, 57% of Dallas voters voted for John Kerry over George W. Bush.[253] Dallas County was closely divided, with 50% of voters voting for Bush and 49% voting for Kerry.[254] Results in the 2008 and 2012 elections favored Barack Obama, with the 44th President receiving 57% of Dallas County voters in both years, with greater margins in the city of Dallas. In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, approximately 66% of Dallas voters voted for Hillary Clinton, with 28% of city voters voting for Donald Trump.[252] Dallas County as a whole saw 61% of voters voting for Clinton, with 35% support for Trump.[252] In 2004, Lupe Valdez was elected Dallas County Sheriff. An open lesbian, Valdez was the only female sheriff in the state of Texas until her resignation. Despite controversies in her handling of county jails, she won re-election in 2008 with a 10-point victory over Republican challenger Lowell Cannaday.[255]

Dallas city vote
by party in Presidential elections [256][257][258]
Year Democratic Republican
Third Parties
2020 69.3% 315,166 28.4% 129,086 2.2% 10,351
2016 67.2% 247,424 28.7% 105,814 4.1% 15,169
Dallas city vote
by party in Senate elections [256][257][258]
Year Democratic Republican
Third Parties
2020 65.4% 293,817 32.0% 143,861 2.6% 11,506
2018 71.2% 255,236 28.1% 100,633 0.7% 2,636
2014 57.9% 107,549 42.1% 78,094 0.0% 0

Education

Dallas Hall at Southern Methodist University in University Park, Texas
Dallas Baptist University
UT Southwestern
Residence Hall at the University of Texas at Dallas
Chemistry & Physics Building with planetarium at The University of Texas at Arlington
SB Hall with Braniff Tower in the background at the University of Dallas
Booker T. Washington High School for the Performing and Visual Arts in the Arts District

There are 337 public schools, 89 private schools, 38 colleges, and 32 libraries in Dallas.[259] Dallas–Fort Worth is also home to six Nobel Laureates.[260]

Colleges and universities

The Dallas area has a high number of colleges and universities. In addition to those in the city, the surrounding cities also have a number of universities, colleges, trade schools, and other educational institutions. The following describes the universities and their proximity to the city:

The Texas Legislature defines all areas in Dallas County and in the Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District as being in the service area of Dallas College (formerly Dallas County Community School District or DCCCD). Areas in Collin County are assigned to Collin College.[261]

Colleges and universities within Dallas city limits

  • UT Southwestern Medical Center ("UTSW") is a prominent academic medical center north of downtown Dallas in the Southwestern Medical District. Six Nobel laureates have been among its faculty,[262] and UTSW was ranked #1 in the world among healthcare institutions in biomedical sciences by Nature in 2019.[263] The main teaching hospital of the university. UTSW is part of the University of Texas System
    .
  • Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas from 1977 through 2011 before consolidating those functions into the new IHSD building at Parkland.[264]
  • black college in southeast Dallas. Originally located in Waco, Texas, it moved to Dallas in 1990 and is housed on the campus of the former Bishop College, another private, historically black college. Dallas billionaire and entrepreneur Comer Cottrell Jr., founder of ProLine Corporation, bought the campus of Bishop College and bequeathed it to Paul Quinn College in 1990 making it the only historically black college in the Dallas area.[265]
  • The University of North Texas at Dallas is along Houston School Road.[266] In 2009 UNT at Dallas became the first public university within Dallas city limits.[267] The University of North Texas System requested approval from the Texas Legislature and Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board for the state's first new public law school in more than 40 years. The University of North Texas at Dallas College of Law was planned to be based at the Old Municipal Building in Downtown Dallas.[268]
  • Dallas Baptist University is a private, coeducational university in the Mountain Creek area of southwest Dallas. Originally in Decatur, Texas, the school moved to Dallas in 1965.[269] The school enrolls over 5,600 students,[270] and offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees. Popular subjects include Biblical studies, business, and music degrees. DBU has been recognized by the National Council on Teacher Quality for their high-quality teacher preparatory degrees.[271] The school also maintains an Intensive English Program for international students wishing to enhance their knowledge of the English language. The campus is a Tree Campus USA and is recognized as one of the most beautiful university campuses in the Southwest U.S.[272] The school has also become nationally recognized for its baseball team which has made several playoff runs.
  • Dallas Theological Seminary, also within the city limits, is recognized as one of the leading seminaries in Evangelical Protestantism. Situated 3 miles (5 km) east of Downtown Dallas, it has over 2,000 graduate students and has graduated over 12,000 alumni.
  • Criswell College is within two blocks of Dallas Theological Seminary. Criswell was started by First Baptist Church of Dallas in the early 1970s.
  • Dallas College (formerly Dallas County Community College District)
    , the 2-year educational institution of Dallas County, has seven campuses throughout the area with branches in Dallas as well as the surrounding suburbs.

Colleges and universities within Dallas County

University Research Center

Other area colleges and universities

Primary and secondary schools

Most people in the city of Dallas are within the

non-Hispanic white.[276] One of the district's magnet schools, the School for the Talented and Gifted
in Oak Cliff.

A few areas of Dallas also extend into other school districts, including

Wilmer-Hutchins Independent School District once served portions of southern Dallas, but it was shut down for the 2005–2006 year. WHISD students started attending other Dallas ISD schools during that time. Following the close, the Texas Education Agency
consolidated WHISD into Dallas ISD.

Many school districts in Dallas County, including Dallas ISD, were formerly served by a governmental agency called Dallas County Schools. The system provided busing and other transportation services, access to a massive media library, technology services, strong ties to local organizations for education/community integration, and staff development programs.[278]

Private schools

Students from Dallas attend many private schools in Dallas, and in nearby areas. These schools include:

Media

Headquarters of The Dallas Morning News
Satellite studio of WFAA

Dallas has several local newspapers, magazines, television stations and radio stations that serve the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, which is the fifth-largest

A. H. Belo
and is A. H. Belo's flagship newspaper.

The Dallas Times Herald, started in 1888, was the Morning News' major competitor until Belo purchased it on December 8, 1991, and closed the paper down the next day. Other daily newspapers are Al Día, a Spanish-language paper published by Belo, and a number of ethnic newspapers printed in languages such as Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese.

Other publications include the Dallas Weekly and the Elite News, all weekly news publications. The

Neighborsgo
, which came out every Friday and focused on community news. Readers could post stories and contribute content to the website.

D Magazine is a notable monthly magazine about business, life, and entertainment in Dallas–Fort Worth. Local visitor magazines include "WHERE Magazine" and "Travelhost"–available at hotel desks or in guest rooms. In addition, the park cities and suburbs such as Plano also have their own community newspapers. Also, THE Magazine covers the contemporary arts scene.[280]

In terms of the larger metro area, the

Denton County
.

Area television stations affiliated with the major broadcasting networks (network

MNTV), KDAF 33 (The CW), and KXTX 39 (TMD). KTXA-21 is an independent station formerly affiliated with the now-defunct UPN
network.

Over 101 radio stations operate within range of Dallas.

WRR-AM in 1921, is the oldest commercially operated radio station in Texas and the second-oldest in the United States, after KDKA (AM) in Pittsburgh.[284]

Because of the city's central geographical position and lack of nearby mountainous terrain, high-power

medium-wave stations KRLD and WBAP
can broadcast as far as southern Canada at night and can be used for emergency messages when broadcasting is down in other major metropolitan areas in the United States.

Slavic Voice of America media group serves Russian-speaking Americans out of Dallas. Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation (HBC), the largest company in the Spanish-language radio station business, is based in Dallas.[285] In 2003, HBC was acquired by Univision and became Univision Radio Inc., but the radio company remains headquartered in the city.[286]

Infrastructure

Public safety

Cedars
neighborhood

The Dallas Police Department provides most policing in Dallas. The Dallas chief of police is Eddie Garcia.[287] The police headquarters are in the Cedars neighborhood of southern Dallas.

Fire protection and emergency medical services in the city are provided by the Dallas Fire-Rescue Department. The Dallas Fire & Rescue chief is Dominique Artis.[288] The department operates the Dallas Firefighter's Museum built in 1907 along Parry Avenue near Fair Park. Dallas's oldest remaining fire station building still stands at the corner of McKinney Ave. and Leonard and was built in 1892. It was the home of Engine Co. Number 1, and is now a picture framing shop.

Health care

Parkland Memorial Hospital

Dallas has many hospitals and several medical research facilities within its city limits. One major research center is the Dallas Medical District with the

Children's Medical Center, William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital (formerly St. Paul University Hospital), and the William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital
.

Dallas also has a VA hospital in the southern portion of the city, the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The center is home to a Consolidated Mail Outpatient Pharmacy (CMOP), part of an initiative by the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide mail-order prescriptions to veterans using computerization at strategic locations throughout the United States.

Other hospitals in the city include

Presbyterian Hospital in North Dallas
, and the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children in Oak Lawn.

Utilities

Dallas is served by

Energy Future Holdings Corporation, has headquarters in the city.[291]

The city offers garbage pickup and recycling service weekly through its Sanitation Services department.

Verizon FiOS
.

Transportation

DART Light Rail passing Reunion Tower in Downtown Dallas
High Five Interchange in Dallas
The Central Expressway and I-635 interchange, commonly known as the High Five Interchange

Like many other major cities in the United States, the automobile is the primary mode of local transportation, though efforts have been made to increase the availability of alternative modes of transportation, including the construction of light rail lines, biking and walking paths, wide sidewalks, a trolley system, and buses. Walk Score ranked Dallas the twenty-third most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States in 2011.[293]

In 2009, 78.5% of Dallas (city) commuters drive to work alone. The 2009 mode share for Dallas (city) commuters are 10.7% for carpooling, 3.9% for transit, 1.9% for walking, and .1% for cycling.[294] In 2015, the American Community Survey estimated modal shares for Dallas (city) commuters of 75.4% for driving alone, 12.8% for carpooling, 3.5% for riding transit, 1.9% for walking, and .2% for cycling.[295]

The city of Dallas has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 10.2 percent of Dallas households lacked a car, and decreased to 9.1 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Dallas averaged 1.59 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.[296]

Highways

Dallas is at the confluence of four major

hub-and-spoke system, shaped much like a wagon wheel. Starting from the center of the city, a small freeway loop surrounds Downtown, followed by the Interstate 635 loop about 10 miles (16 km) outside Downtown, and ultimately the tolled President George Bush Turnpike
.

Inside these freeway loops are other boulevard- and parkway-style loops, including Loop 12 and Belt Line Road. Another beltway around the city upwards of 45 miles (72 km) from Downtown is under plan in Collin County.

Radiating out of Downtown Dallas's freeway loop are the spokes of the area's highway system—Interstates 30, 35E, and 45,

U.S. Highway 67. Other major highways around the city include State Highway 183 and State Spur 408
.

The recently completed interchange at the intersection of Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway (Interstate 635) and Central Expressway (U.S. Highway 75) has five stacks and is aptly called the High Five Interchange. It is one of the few five-level interchanges in Dallas and is one of the largest freeway interchanges in the United States.

The following is a list of the freeways and tollways in the Dallas and Fort Worth area:

Airports

In 2020, Dallas Fort Worth International Airport was the busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic.[297]

Two commercial airports serve Dallas:

Alliance Airport
, in far North Fort Worth, is a cargo reliever airport to DFW and general aviation facility.

DFW International Airport is in the suburbs slightly north of and equidistant to Downtown Fort Worth and Downtown Dallas. In terms of size, DFW International is the largest airport in the state, the second largest in the United States, and ninth largest in the world; DFW International Airport is larger than the island of Manhattan.[298]

In terms of traffic, DFW International is the busiest airport in the state, fourth-busiest in the United States, and eleventh-busiest in the world. The headquarters of American Airlines, the largest air carrier in the world ahead of United Airlines and Delta Air Lines, is less than one mile (1.6 km) from DFW International within Fort Worth's city limits. Similarly, Love Field is within Dallas's city limits, about 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Downtown, and is headquarters to Southwest Airlines, the largest domestic airline in the United States.

Transit systems

Dallas Area Rapid Transit
DFW Skylink
TEXRail

seventh-busiest light rail system in the country with approximately 55 stations on 72 miles (116 km) of light rail, and 10 stations on 35 miles (56 km) of commuter rail.[300] It includes four light rail lines and a commuter line: the Red Line, the Blue Line, the Green Line, the Orange Line, and the Trinity Railway Express
.

The

Deep Ellum, Fair Park, South Dallas, and Pleasant Grove
.

The Orange Line initially operated as a peak-service line providing extra capacity on portions of the Green and Red Lines (

DFW Airport Station is the terminus for the Orange Line and connects Skylink.[301]

This provides passengers the convenience of disembarking the DART rail, proceeding to security check-in and immediately boarding

In August 2009, the Regional Transportation Council agreed to seek $96 million in federal stimulus dollars for a trolley project in Dallas and Fort Worth. The Oak Cliff Transit Authority took the lead with leaders envisioning a streetcar line that would link

Bishop Arts District via the Houston Street Viaduct.[303]

Dallas was awarded a $23 million TIGER grant towards the $58 million Dallas Streetcar Project in February 2010.[304]

In addition to light rail, Amtrak's Texas Eagle also serves Union Station, providing daily service east to Chicago and west to San Antonio, and thrice-weekly service west to Los Angeles. The Trinity Rail Express terminates at Union Station and T&P Station.

Notable people

International relations

The city of Dallas has worked to build Sister & Friendship City relationships around the globe. These relationships help create and strengthen partnerships between Dallas and the international community. The program aims to build global cooperation at the municipal level by promoting cultural understanding and stimulating economic development between Dallas and its foreign counterparts.[305]

Sister cities

Dallas's sister cities are:[306]

Friendship cities

Dallas has friendly relations with:[306]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In ascending order from the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex (in terms of metropolitan population): Chicago via Lake Michigan, Los Angeles via the Pacific Ocean and New York City via the Atlantic Ocean. For attempts to render the Trinity River navigable to the Gulf of Mexico, see Gard, Wayne. "Trinity River Navigation Projects". The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). Retrieved February 9, 2023.; The Trinity River Authority of Texas (TRA), "The Trinity River Authority of Texas (TRA)". Archived from the original on September 16, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013. (last visited September 16, 2013); Living with the Trinity: The Trinity River in Dallas, Fort Worth, North Texas and Beyond. Archived from the original on August 31, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013.. See also Trinity River (Texas).
  2. ^ If this theory is correct, the name is derived from Scottish Gaelic Dalais, the etymology of which is in turn uncertain but may be from a Pictish term that roughly translates to "meadow abode".
  3. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  4. ^ Official records for Dallas were kept at the Weather Bureau Office in downtown from 15 October 1913 to August 1940, and at Love Field since September 1940.[75]
  5. ^ Sunshine normals are based on only 24 years of data.
  6. ^ a b From 15% sample
  7. ^ Dallas elects mayors in nonpartisan races, however, mayor Eric Johnson switched parties to the Republicans after winning re-election in 2023.

References

  1. ^ "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 23, 2021.
  2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Dallas
  3. ^ a b c "QuickFacts: Dallas city, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  4. ^ "List of 2020 Census Urban Areas". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
  5. ^ "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  6. ^ "Total Gross Domestic Product for Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (MSA)". Federal Reserve Economic Data.
  7. ^ "Zip Code Lookup". USPS. Archived from the original on November 4, 2010. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
  8. ^ "Area Code Lookup (NPA NXX)". Area-codes.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  9. ^ "Area Code Lookup (NPA NXX)". Area-codes.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  10. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  11. ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder – Results". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
  12. ^ a b "Top 50 Cities in the U.S. by Population and Rank". www.infoplease.com.
  13. ^ "Facts". Texas Almanac. November 20, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
  14. ^ a b Dallas, TX from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved April 20, 2006.
  15. ^ "DART Rail System Map". dart.org. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  16. ^ "Dallas: Economy – Major Industries and Commercial Activity, Incentive ProgramsNew and Existing Companies". City-data.com. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  17. ^ "Led by Exxon Mobil, 23 Dallas-Fort Worth companies score spots on 2022's Fortune 500". The Dallas Morning News. May 23, 2022. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  18. ^ a b c "Here are this year's Fortune 500 companies by region". Fortune. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  19. ^ a b "Fortune 500". Fortune. Retrieved June 10, 2022.
  20. ^ "About Dallas LGBT Community". www.visitdallas.com. Visit Dallas. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  21. ^ "Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey" (PDF). February 5, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  22. ^ "Dallas deemed one of the country's 5 most diverse cities by new report". CultureMap Dallas. April 11, 2019. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  23. ^ Cardona, Megan (October 10, 2022). "Which indigenous tribes lived in North Texas? Find out with this interactive map". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
  24. ^ Keomoungkhoun, Nataly (September 9, 2020). "What happened to Native American tribes that once existed in North Texas? Curious Texas investigates". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
  25. ^ Murray, Brandon (November 24, 2021). "Tales from the Dallas History Archives: Honoring Native American Heritage Month". D Magazine. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
  26. ^ Alvarado, Catherine. "A brief history of the six flags over Texas — including the Confederate flag". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  27. ^ Bolton, Herbert E. (1914). Athanase de Mezieres and the Louisiana-Texas Frontier 1768–1780. Cleveland: Arthur H Clark Company.
  28. ^ Joseph Milton Nance: Republic of Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved September 25, 2006.
  29. ^ "Dallas Historical Society: Dallas History". April 22, 2006. Archived from the original on April 22, 2006. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
  30. ^ McPherson, Edward (May 17, 2017). "The story of how Dallas became Dallas you probably haven't heard". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved May 23, 2019 – via dallasnews.com.
  31. ^ "Dallas Historical Society: Dallas History". April 22, 2006. Archived from the original on April 22, 2006. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
  32. ^ Stringer, Tommy. "Stringer – How did Dallas get its name?". Corsicana Daily Sun. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  33. ^ Dallas City Hall. "Origin of the Name Dallas". Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  34. ^ Kuo, Stephanie (October 23, 2017). "In The 1800s, French Socialists Came To Dallas And Built A Utopia That Collapsed Immediately". Keranews.org. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  35. ^ "Dallas' Tallest". D Magazine. October 1996. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  36. .
  37. ^ Dillard, Coshandra (October 15, 2017). "In downtown Dallas, a crowd of 5,000 watched this black man get lynched—and they took souvenirs". Timeline. Archived from the original on July 21, 2021. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  38. .
  39. ^ "In Dallas, A New Generation Learns The History Of Little Mexico And Pike Park". KERA News. July 31, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  40. ^ "Dallas' Little Mexico is nearly gone in Uptown, but here's what remains". Dallas News. March 14, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  41. ^ "Ford assembly plant in East Dallas". June 1998. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  42. ^ "CAF Webinar: The History of the North American Aviation Plant in Dallas". November 4, 2015. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  43. ^ Stokes, Louis (1979). "Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives". (Pg. 21) Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
  44. ^ "Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, Chapter 1: Summary and Conclusions". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  45. ^ "Five officers killed in downtown Dallas ambush". WFAA. January 24, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  46. ISSN 0261-3077
    . Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  47. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Dallas city, Texas". Census Bureau QuickFacts. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
  48. ^ "The Skyscraper Center: Dallas, Texas". Skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  49. ^ "Architect of Fountain Place who shaped Dallas, dies at 93". Dallas News. March 5, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  50. ^ Swissavenue.com Archived July 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine – Retrieved June 13, 2006."Swiss Avenue". Archived from the original on February 7, 2006. Retrieved October 21, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  51. ^ Knightengale, Krista. "Downtown Dallas". D Magazine Neighborhoods. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  52. ^ Lake Highlands Area Improvement AssociationMap. Retrieved October 3, 2006. Archived August 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  53. ^ Oak Cliff, Texas – Early History Archived May 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 1, 2008.
  54. ^ "Things To Do in Dallas: Find Dallas Events & Attractions: GuideLive". GuideLive. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
  55. ^
  56. ^ "Six Years Into GrowSouth, Developers Are Starting To Pay Attention To Southern Dallas". KERA News. May 25, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  57. ^ a b "The Great Trinity Forest-Dallas". The Great Trinity Forest. City of Dallas Trinity River Corridor Project. Archived from the original on January 16, 2009. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  58. ^ John N. Furlong; Greg Ajemian; Tommie McPherson (2003). "History of the Dallas Floodway" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 25, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2009.
  59. ^ "Discover The Trinity-Dallas". Discover The Trinity. Discoverthetrinity.org. Archived from the original on September 25, 2009. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  60. ^ Trinity River Corridor Project Management Office. "Trinity River Corridor Project Frequently Asked Questions". Archived from the original on October 11, 2006. Retrieved October 19, 2006.
  61. ^ Bobby Farquhar and Mark McDonald. "Lake Ray Hubbard". Set the Hook Guide to Lone Star Lakes and Lunkers. Archived from the original on June 6, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2009.
  62. ^ "Mountain Creek Lake". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  63. ^ Naval Air Station, Dallas from the Handbook of Texas Online
  64. ^ Aasen, Eric (May 18, 2005). "Foes say North Lake development a threat to lifestyle". The Dallas Morning News. Coppell.
  65. ^ a b "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
  66. ^ a b c "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  67. ^ "Dallas/Fort Worth – All-Time Maximum and Minimum Temperatures". National Weather Service Fort Worth. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
  68. ^ "DFW – Freeze Summary". National Weather Service. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
  69. ^ DFW Climate. Retrieved on March 26, 2006. Archived October 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  70. ^ TXDOT Archived August 12, 2007, at the Wayback MachineWildflower and Fall Foliage Archived April 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  71. ^ "Texas USDA Hardiness Zone Map". Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  72. ^ Jordan, Ramon (January 24, 2012). "Plant Hardiness Zone Map: South-Midwest US". Usna.usda.gov. Archived from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  73. ^ Lungusa.com. Retrieved on March 2, 2006. Archived May 29, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  74. ^ Downwindersatrisk.orgPollution in Midlothian. Retrieved on April 17, 2006. Archived August 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  75. ^ ThreadEx
  76. ^ "Station Name: TX DALLAS LOVE FLD". National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  77. ^ "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  78. ^ "WMO Climate Normals for FORT WORTH/GREATER SW INT'L A,TX 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  79. ^ "Dallas, Texas, USA - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
  80. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  81. ^ "Community Facts: Dallas city, Texas". American Factfinder. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2019 – via factfinder.census.gov.
  82. ^ a b "ACS 2020 Social Characteristics". data.census.gov. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  83. ^ a b "ACS 2020 Households and Families Estimates". data.census.gov. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  84. ^ "ACS 2018 Housing Characteristics". data.census.gov. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  85. ^ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Dallas city, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
  86. ^ "ACS 2020 Age and Sex Estimates". data.census.gov. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  87. ^ "ACS 2020 Income Estimates". data.census.gov. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  88. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Dallas (city) QuickFacts from the U.S. Census Bureau". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 18, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
  89. ^ "ACS 2020 Characteristics For Households With Mortgages". data.census.gov. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  90. ^ "Dallas' mayor right to put homeless strategy under a microscope". February 27, 2023. Archived from the original on February 27, 2023. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
  91. ^ a b "Metro Dallas Homeless Alliance Continuum of Care 2022 Homeless Count & Survey Independent Analysis" (PDF).
  92. ^ Wilson, Stacia (June 9, 2023). "City of Dallas getting set for spraying after several positive West Nile virus samples".
  93. ^ a b "P2 Hisapnic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
  94. ^ "Dallas (city), Texas". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on November 18, 2013.
  95. ^ a b c "Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
  96. ^ "Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 12, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
  97. ^ "Cordell, Dennis D., Southern Methodist University (Dallas) and Garcia y Griego, Manuel, University of Texas at Arlington, "The Integration of Nigerian and Mexican immigrants in Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas", working paper, 2005". Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  98. ^ "Dallas (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. Archived from the original on May 6, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  99. ^ "American Community Survey 2019 Demographic Estimates". data.census.gov. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  100. ^ Bureau, U. S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  101. ^ "American Community Survey 2017 Demographic Estimates". data.census.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  102. ^ Ura, Alexa; Kao, Jason; Astudillo, Carla; Essig, Chris (August 12, 2021). "People of color make up 95% of Texas' population growth, and cities and suburbs are booming, 2020 census shows". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  103. ^ Passel, Jeffrey S.; Lopez, Mark Hugo; Cohn, D'Vera. "U.S. Hispanic population continued its geographic spread in the 2010s". Pew Research Center. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  104. ^ Frey, William H. (July 1, 2020). "The nation is diversifying even faster than predicted, according to new census data". Brookings. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  105. ^ Schutze, Jim (March 17, 2015). "Mexicans Saved Oak Cliff While They Saved American Cities. Bikos Came Later". Dallas Observer. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  106. ^ "How Latino immigrants saved Oak Cliff: new book explores immigrants' contributions to Dallas". Dallas News. December 5, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  107. ^ Perez, Miguel (January 8, 2020). "Dallas neighborhood established by freed slaves fights to keep its history alive". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  108. ^ "South Dallas". BlacksInDallas.com. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  109. ^ https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2012/may/why-young-black-professionals-are-wary-of-dallas/
  110. ^ https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2011/02/16/census-estimates-indicate-blacks-in-us-moving-south-for-better-jobs/26415661007/
  111. ^ H. Frey, William (September 12, 2022). "A 'New Great Migration' is bringing Black Americans back to the South". brookings.edu.
  112. ^ "The New Black South". Governing.com. August 2017. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  113. ^ Reiss, Sarah (May 25, 2011). "How Dallas Got So Many Ethiopian Restaurants". D Magazine. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
  114. ^ "70,000 Russian-speakers in Dallas, According to Mayor of Dallas". Russian Dallas – Руский Даллас. April 18, 2017. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
  115. ^ "About ⋆ Russian Dallas - Русский Даллас". Russian Dallas - Русский Даллас. October 17, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  116. ^ "Dallas couple tell what it's like being Russian in America". CW33 Dallas / Ft. Worth. April 1, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  117. ^ "Dallas Population and Demographics". areaconnect.com. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  118. ^ Schnyder, Mark (May 17, 2014). "Asian-American Growth Steady in North Texas". nbcdfw.com. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  119. ^ "IRANIAN COMMUNITY IN NORTH TEXAS" (PDF). S3.amazonaws.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
  120. S2CID 249229343
    .
  121. ^ Corrie Maclaggan, Share of Foreign-Born Texans Growing, Texas Tribune (January 2, 2014).
  122. ^ "ACS 2018 Foreign-Born Statistics". data.census.gov. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  123. ^ "About Dallas LGBT Community". www.visitdallas.com. Visit Dallas. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  124. ^ Smith, Mark (October 24, 2016). "Fort Worth, Dallas get perfect score in LGBT inclusiveness". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  125. ^ "Decision is made: Pride festival is moving to Fair Park". November 2, 2018.
  126. ^ Shamburger, Meredith (September 21, 2014). "Dallas' annual gay pride parade draws thousands, spreads the love". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on April 30, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  127. ^ "LGBT". Archived from the original on July 8, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
  128. ^ "PRRI – American Values Atlas". Public Religion Research Institute. August 11, 2021. Archived from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
  129. ^ Lipka, Michael. "Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles". Pew Research Center. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  130. ^ "America's Changing Religious Landscape". Pew Research Center: Religion & Public Life. May 12, 2015.
  131. ^ "PRRI – American Values Atlas". Public Religion Research Institute. Archived from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  132. ^ "Religious Retirement Communities in Dallas". SeniorAdvisor.com Blog. July 13, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  133. ^ "Prison Ministry Directory — International Network of Prison Ministries". prisonministry.net. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  134. ^ a b "Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  135. ^ "Local Ethiopian community finds a home in growing Garland church". Dallas News. May 26, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  136. ^ "Ethiopian Evangelical Baptist Church gets new Texas site". Longview News-Journal. June 6, 2018. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  137. ^ "Cathedral Guadalupe". Cathedral Guadalupe. Archived from the original on June 27, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
  138. ^ "Orthodox churches in Dallas, Texas". Superpages.com. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
  139. ^ "Parishes - Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America". Goarch.org. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  140. ^ "Dallas Texas Temple District". Ldschurchtemples.org. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
  141. ^ "Dallas Texas LDS (Mormon) Temple". Ldschurchtemples.com. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  142. ^ "Our History". Dallasuu.org. First Unitarian Church of Dallas. Archived from the original on November 23, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
  143. ^ "The Cathedral of Hope". D Magazine. January 13, 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  144. ^ "Largest Jewish Populated Metropolitan Areas in the United States". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
  145. .
  146. ^ "The Jews Who Built Dallas". D Magazine. October 27, 2008. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  147. ^ "Mosques and Islamic schools in Dallas–Fort Worth, Texas - Salatomatic - your guide to mosques & Islamic schools". Salatomatic.com. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  148. ^ "History – Masjid Al-Islam Dallas". Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  149. ^ "Retiring imam has steered North Texas' oldest mosque on a path of social justice". Dallas News. April 30, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  150. ^ "Asian Indian Population Booming in Dallas–Fort Worth". dallasnews. January 12, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
  151. ^ "Sikh Temple of North Texas". Sikhtempledallas.org. Archived from the original on April 11, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  152. ^ "Gurdwara Singh Sabha of North Texas, Richardson". Gurdwararichardson.org. Archived from the original on April 17, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  153. ^ "Sikh Gurdwaras in USA – Sikh Gurdwara in USA". Gurdwara.us. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  154. ^ Weiss, Jeffrey (December 21, 2007). "Dallas solstice celebration fills a void for the nonreligious". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on December 25, 2007. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
  155. ^ "Preliminary Annual Uniform Crime Report, January–December, 2006". Fbi.gov. June 4, 2007. Archived from the original on January 14, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  156. ^ "Here is the #1 Most Violent City in the Entire State of Texas". September 2, 2023.
  157. ^ https://realestate.usnews.com/places/texas/dallas-fort-worth/crime
  158. ^ "Dallas homicides increased in 2023 even as other violent crime saw improvements, police say". January 5, 2024.
  159. ^ "Increased gang activity leads to spike of violent crime in Dallas". May 23, 2017.
  160. ^ "City leaders praise Dallas police chief's crime plan as violence, murders decrease". October 13, 2021.
  161. ^ "DPD Chief & Dallas Mayor discuss violent crime and the changes they say need to be made - CBS Texas". CBS News. December 22, 2023.
  162. ^ O'Donnell, Pat (June 7, 2017). "Dallas–Fort Worth lands 22 companies on this year's Fortune 500". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  163. .
  164. ^ Telecom Corridor website. Retrieved February 21, 2006.
  165. ^ Texas InstrumentsFact Sheet. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
  166. ^ "DFW Apartment Boom Hits Region". Dallas Business Journal. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  167. ^ Brown, Steve (June 30, 2015). "Dallas Area Home Price Growth Dwarfs National Gains". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  168. ^ "AT&T Making a Move". The New York Times. June 30, 2008. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
  169. ^ Gara, Antoine (May 24, 2017). "The World's Largest Telecom Companies: AT&T And Verizon Top China Mobile". Forbes. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
  170. ^ Salchert, Ryan; Tompkins, Taylor (October 28, 2020). "CBRE relocating headquarters to Dallas from Los Angeles, sources say". Dallas Business Journal. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  171. ^ Vincent, Roger (October 29, 2020). "Real estate brokerage CBRE moves headquarters from Los Angeles to Dallas". Yahoo Finance. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  172. ^ "Global engineering firm to relocate headquarters from California to Dallas". Bizjournals.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  173. ^ "Largest Pharmaceutical Company in U.S. Moving its HQ from California to DFW". D Magazine. December 1, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  174. ^ "Fortune 500 company to move headquarters from California to DFW". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  175. ^ "Fortune 500". Fortune. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  176. ^ a b c "Fortune 500". Fortune Magazine. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
  177. ^ "Charles Schwab's move to DFW shakes up leaderboard in region already undergoing changes". wfaa.com. November 29, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  178. ^ "Fortune 500 Company Relocating From California to DFW". D Magazine. September 6, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  179. ^ "Comerica Inc. to relocate headquarters from Detroit to Dallas". toledoblade.com. Retrieved March 6, 2007.
  180. ^ "Ambassador Nancy G. Brinker, Founder of the World's Largest (March 27, 2007)". Jerusalem.usconsulate.gov. March 27, 2007. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  181. ^ "Shopping". VisitDallas. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
  182. ^ "NorthPark Center History – Luxury Shopping in Dallas". Northparkcenter.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  183. ^ "Shopping". Galleriadallas.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  184. ^ "The Richest People in America, September 21, 2011". Forbes Magazine. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
  185. ^ "Top World Cities for Billionaires, April 22, 2009". Overseas Property Mall, Guide to International Real Estate Investment. Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
  186. ^ "Meeting Professionals – Why Dallas?". Dallascvb.com. Archived from the original on April 13, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  187. ^ Rogers, Tim. "VisitDallas Audit Reveals a Well-Run Trough for Piggish Top Executives". D Magazine. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  188. ^ Granberry, Michael (January 8, 2013). "ArtPlace names the Dallas Arts District one of the nation's top 12 ArtPlaces". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
  189. ^ "The Winspear Opera House". Archived from the original on December 15, 2005.
  190. Dallas Center for the Performing Arts. Archived from the original
    on March 15, 2008 – via www.dallasperformingarts.org.
  191. ^ "Prado and Meadows Museum announce expansion of partnership – SMU". Southern Methodist University (Press release). July 13, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2013 – via www.smu.edu.
  192. ^ Panicker, Jobin (April 18, 2019). "Inside the Dallas museum where faith meets science". WFAA. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  193. ^ "Artsmagnet.org". Artsmagnet.org. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  194. .
  195. ^ The Deep Ellum AssociationTime Line. Retrieved on October 19, 2006. Archived September 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  196. ^ Hobson Real Estate Group. "Thinking of Relocating to Dallas". Hobson Real Estate Group. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
  197. ^ "Southside on Lamar Apartments Located in Downtown Dallas". South Side On Lamar.
  198. ^ "The Legend Returns: Gilley's Brings New Life to Downtown Dallas" (PDF). Gilley's Dallas. September 11, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2005. Retrieved October 19, 2006. "Gilleys :: Dallas". Archived from the original on April 3, 2005. Retrieved November 16, 2006.
  199. ^ Poor David's PubFind Us. Retrieved on October 19, 2006.
  200. ^ Brown, Steve (September 6, 2005). "Mark Cuban snaps up tracks near downtown". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on September 12, 2005. Retrieved April 20, 2006.
  201. ^ "Bishop Arts District". Bishop Arts District. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  202. ^ City of Dallas Office of Cultural AffairsCultural Centers Archived October 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  203. ^ Macon, Alex (December 8, 2017). "Could the Nuclear Submarine USS Dallas Finally Come to Dallas?". Could the Nuclear Submarine USS Dallas Finally Come to Dallas? – D Magazine. A Magazine. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  204. ^ "Library History". Dallas Public Library. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  205. ^ "Hours". Dallas Public Library. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  206. ^ Nelson, Colleen McCain (October 9, 2005). "One Man's Invention, Forever Frozen In Time – Dallas: Margarita Machine Takes Its Rightful Place In History". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on March 22, 2007. Retrieved February 7, 2007.
  207. ^ Steve, Thompson (April 19, 2016). "Big Tex's economic impact? Try $50 million, says new study on the State Fair". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  208. ^ "Red River Showdown: The history behind the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry". kvue.com. October 8, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  209. ^ "What happened to Big D NYE? Curious Texas investigates". Dallas News. December 30, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  210. ^ "Rangers Ballpark in Arlington | texasrangers.com: Ballpark". Texas.rangers.mlb.com. April 1, 1994. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  211. ^ "Rangers Ballpark in Arlington | texasrangers.com: Ballpark". Texas.rangers.mlb.com. April 1, 1994. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  212. ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (July 16, 2016). "Dallas Cowboys Head The World's 50 Most Valuable Sports Teams Of 2016". Forbes. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  213. ^ Dallas Cowboys History Archived March 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on October 20, 2006.
  214. ^ "AT&T Stadium will host 9 games in upcoming 2026 World Cup - CBS Texas". CBS News. February 5, 2024.
  215. ^ "FIFA unveils stellar line-up of FIFA World Cup 2026 Host Cities". FIFA. June 16, 2022. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  216. ^ "2011 NBA Finals – Mavericks vs. Heat". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  217. ^ FC Dallas About Archived July 2, 2007, at archive.today. Retrieved on October 20, 2006.
  218. ^ "XFL Dallas Team to Call Arlington's Globe Life Park Home". NBC 5 Dallas–Fort Worth. December 5, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  219. ^ "Rugby Football Union". Texasrugbyunion.com. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  220. ^ "2008 Rugby Super League". September 5, 2008. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  221. ^ "Dallas Harlequins – Welcome". Quins.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  222. ^ "Major League Rugby unveils Dallas Jackals as second new franchise in a week". RugbyPass. June 5, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  223. ^ Esper, Damin (June 14, 2011). "Super season places Dallas Baptist baseball on national radar". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
  224. ^ Dallas Baptist UniversityFacts and Statistics.
  225. ^ "Forester Athletic Complex: Dallas, TX 75227: Visit Dallas". Forester Athletic Complex: Dallas, TX 75227: Visit Dallas. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  226. ^ "Dallas Sports Commission". Forester Athletic Complex: Dallas, TX 75227: DSC. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
  227. ^ "Urban Forestry | Dallas Parks, TX - Official Website". Dallasparks.org. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  228. ^ "Top Outdoor Activities in Dallas Fort Worth". November 26, 2019. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  229. ^ "Facilities". Dallasparks.org. Archived from the original on April 5, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  230. ^ Simek, Peter (November 21, 2019). "Here's a First Look at the New Fair Park Master Plan". D Magazine. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  231. ^ "Things to Do – Klyde Warren Park". Klydewarrenpark.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  232. ^ "Turtle Creek Parkway". Dallas Parks, TX. Archived from the original on September 26, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  233. ^ a b "Untangling the White Rock area trail system updates: Katy Trail Extension and SoPac – Lake Highlands". August 4, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  234. ^ "Neighborhood". www.turtlecreekassociation.org. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  235. ^ Kuo, Stephanie (October 23, 2017). "In The 1800s, French Socialists Came To Dallas And Built A Utopia That Collapsed Immediately". Keranews.org. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  236. ^ "The History of Reverchon Park & the Iris Bowl | Arborilogical". www.arborilogical.com. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  237. ^ "Neighborhood". www.turtlecreekassociation.org. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  238. ^ "Dallas Zoo Among Nation;s Top 10". Dallas Zoo. May 23, 2014. Archived from the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  239. ^ "About Us". Dallas Zoo. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  240. ^ Fink, Jack (June 17, 2019). "Eric Johnson Sworn In As New Mayor Of Dallas". KTVT. Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019 – via cbslocal.com.
  241. ^ Martinez, Krystina. "New City Manager T.C. Broadnax Says 'It's A Great Time' To Come To Dallas". Retrieved February 24, 2017.
  242. ^ City of DallasMayor Archived January 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 16, 2006.
  243. ^ City of DallasCity Manager Archived July 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved January 13, 2007.
  244. ^ City of DallasGovernment Archived October 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 16, 2006.
  245. ^ "Ask John Neely Bryan: Why's the Dallas City Manager Strong While the Mayor Is Weak?". D Magazine. April 2, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  246. ^ "What's the Matter With Dallas?". Texas Monthly. July 1, 2005. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  247. .
  248. PDF
    ). Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  249. ^
    PDF
    ). Retrieved May 9, 2006.
  250. ^
    PDF
    ). Retrieved May 9, 2006.
  251. ^ a b State of Texas - Who Represents me?. Retrieved 3 June 2006.
  252. ^ a b c "Dallas – Election Results". Dallas County Elections. November 21, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  253. ^ "DemocraticResearch Blog". Pages.sbcglobal.net. July 4, 2001. Archived from the original on May 8, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  254. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections – State Data". Uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  255. ^ Krause, Kevin (November 5, 2008). "Valdez triumphant in bid for 2nd term as Dallas County sheriff". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on December 28, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
  256. ^ a b "Dallas County, TX Elections | Elections Information". www.dallascountyvotes.org.
  257. ^ a b "Election Results". www.collincountytx.gov. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
  258. ^ a b "Denton County, TX Elections". www.votedenton.gov.
  259. ^ "suva wiki content software at". Mywikicity.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  260. ^ Kobler, Patrick (December 22, 2015). "Dallas–Fort Worth Is Home to Six Nobel Laureates". Dallas Innovates.
  261. ^ "Education Code Chapter 130. Junior College Districts". Texas Constitution and Statutes.
  262. ^ "Nobel Prizes | A Legacy of Research & Discovery". UT Southwestern Medical Center.
  263. ^ "Top 200 healthcare institutions in biomedical sciences". Nature Index 2019 Biomedical Sciences. Nature Index.
  264. ^ "Brief History of TWU". Texas Woman's University. March 3, 2015. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  265. ^ The History Makers Archived July 2, 2010, at the Wayback MachineComer Cottrell, Jr. Archived September 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
  266. ^ University of North Texas Dallas Campus Archived April 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. New Campus. Retrieved October 4, 2006. Archived August 15, 2000, at the Wayback Machine
  267. ^ University of North Texas Dallas Campus Archived April 12, 2012, at the Wayback MachineLocation. Retrieved October 4, 2006. Archived August 15, 2000, at the Wayback Machine
  268. ^ Stutz, Terrence (April 16, 2009). "Bill creating University of North Texas law school in Dallas goes to state House". The Dallas Morning News. Austin. Archived from the original on April 18, 2009. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
  269. ^ Dallas Baptist UniversityHistory. Retrieved October 18, 2006.
  270. ^ "Christian University, Christian College, Undergraduate Degree Online". Dbu.edu. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  271. ^ Ayala, Eva-Marie (June 18, 2013). "Dallas Baptist University earns high marks for teacher prep program, Texas Tech criticized". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2017 – via Educationblog.dallasnews.com.
  272. ^ Davis, Todd W. (October 31, 2012). "Dallas Baptist campus is recognized as a botanical beauty". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on April 30, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  273. ^ "About El Centro". El Centro College.
  274. ^ "TAMU-Dallas". Urbansolutionscenter.tamu.edu. Archived from the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  275. ^ a b DallasISD.orgInside DISD Archived May 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved May 1, 2006.
  276. ^
    ISBN 0814337473, 9780814337479. p. 82
    .
  277. ^ "Contact". Garland Independent School District. February 7, 2005. Retrieved on August 24, 2009.
  278. ^ Dallas Count Schools ISD Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved May 29, 2006.
  279. ^ "Fall 2006 Market Ratings". Arbitron.com. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  280. ^ "THE Magazine DFW". artandseek.org. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  281. ^ "La Estrella". Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
  282. ^ "Radio stations within Dallas, Texas". Radio-locator.com. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  283. ^ "Dallas' Fair Park Newsletter". Dallascityhall.com. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  284. ^ WRR Classical 101.1 FM: The First Radio Station In Texas, est. 1921 – About WRR. Retrieved on May 9, 2006. Archived July 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  285. ^ Emailwire.com – "Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation Announces Renan Almendarez Coello, El Cucuy De La Mañana, 'is Taking His Career to New Heights' Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine".
  286. ^ Business.comHispanic Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on October 19, 2006. Archived August 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  287. ^ "About – Biography". Dallaspolice.net.
  288. ^ "City of Dallas: Dallas Fire-Rescue Department". Dallasfirerescue.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  289. ^ Dallas Water Utilities Archived November 7, 2006, at the Wayback MachineFunctions Archived January 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 15, 2006.
  290. ^ TXU Electric Delivery Archived August 11, 2015, at the Wayback MachineService Territory Archived August 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 14, 2006.
  291. ^ Energy Future Holdings Corporation Archived November 11, 2006, at the Wayback MachineContact Us Archived November 11, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved October 14, 2006.
  292. ^ City of Dallas Sanitation Services FAQ Archived October 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved October 14, 2006.
  293. ^ "2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings". Walk Score. 2011. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
  294. ^ Yonah Freemark (October 13, 2010). "Transit Mode Share Trends Looking Steady; Rail Appears to Encourage Non-Automobile Commutes". Transport Politic. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
  295. ^ "2015 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates: Commuting Characteristics by Sex". American Fact Finder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
  296. ^ "Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map". Governing. December 9, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  297. ^ "The Pandemic Has Made This Airport the World's Busiest". Condé Nast Traveler. July 30, 2020.
  298. ^ "DIA is the second biggest airport in the world, and that means it's bigger than Manhattan". KUSA.com. February 21, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  299. ^ "DART becomes nation's largest light rail system today | Irving Blog". Irvingblog.dallasnews.com. December 6, 2010. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  300. ^ "DART.org – Expansion Information". dart.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  301. ^ "Orange Line Expansion Information". DART.org. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  302. ^ "Blue Line Expansion Information". DART.org. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  303. ^ Appleton, Roy (August 17, 2009). "Proposed streetcar route for Oak Cliff scaled back". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2009 – via oakcliffblog.dallasnews.com.
  304. ^ Wilonsky, Robert (February 17, 2010). "Downtown Dallas Streetcar Project Takes the TIGER By the Tail to Tune of $23 Million – Dallas – News – Unfair Park". Blogs.dallasobserver.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
  305. ^ "Sister & Friendship Cities | City of Dallas Office of Economic Development". www.dallasecodev.org. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  306. ^ a b "Sister & Friendship Cities". City of Dallas Office of Economic Development. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  307. ISSN 0971-8257
    . Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  308. ^ "Dallas formally condemns invasion of Ukraine, suspends ties with Russian sister city Saratov". WFAA. March 4, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2023.

Further reading

External links

This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article: Dallas. Articles is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license; additional terms may apply.Privacy Policy