Dallas
Dallas | |
---|---|
City | |
4th) | |
Demonym | Dallasite |
GDP | |
• Dallas (MSA) | $688.9 billion (2022) |
Time zone | UTC−06:00 (Central) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−05:00 (Central) |
ZIP Codes | ZIP Codes[7] |
Area codes | 214, 469, 945, 972[8][9] |
FIPS code | 48-19000[10] |
GNIS feature ID | 1380944[2] |
Website | dallascityhall.com |
Dallas (
Dallas and nearby
Dominant sectors of its diverse economy include defense, financial services, information technology, telecommunications, and transportation.[16] The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex hosts 23 Fortune 500 companies, the second-most in Texas and fourth-most in the United States,[17][18] and 11 of those companies are located within Dallas city limits.[19] Over 41 colleges and universities are located within its metropolitan area, which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas. The city has a population from a myriad of ethnic and religious backgrounds and is one of the largest LGBT communities in the U.S.[20][21] WalletHub named Dallas the fifth-most diverse city in the United States in 2018.[22]
History
Indigenous tribes in North Texas included the Caddo, Tawakoni, Wichita, Kickapoo and Comanche.[23][24][25] Spanish colonists claimed the territory of Texas in the 18th century as a part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Later, France also claimed the area but never established much settlement. In all, six flags have flown over the area preceding and during the city's history: those of France, Spain, and Mexico, the flag of the Republic of Texas, the Confederate flag, and the flag of the United States of America.[26]
In 1819, the Adams–Onís Treaty between the United States and Spain defined the Red River as the northern boundary of New Spain, officially placing the future location of Dallas well within Spanish territory.[27][page needed] The area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico declared independence from Spain, and the area was considered part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. In 1836, Texians, with a majority of Anglo-American settlers, gained independence from Mexico and formed the Republic of Texas.[28]
Three years after Texas achieved independence, John Neely Bryan surveyed the area around present-day Dallas.[29] In 1839, accompanied by his dog and a Cherokee he called Ned, he planted a stake in the ground on a bluff located near three forks of the Trinity River and left.[30] Two years later, in 1841, he returned to establish a permanent settlement named Dallas.[31] The origin of the name is uncertain. The official historical marker states it was named after Vice President George M. Dallas of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. However, this is disputed. Other potential theories for the origin include his brother, Commodore Alexander James Dallas, as well as brothers Walter R. Dallas and James R. Dallas.[32][33] A further theory gives the ultimate origin as the village of Dallas, Moray, Scotland,[b] similar to the way Houston, Texas, was named after Sam Houston, whose ancestors came from the Scottish village of Houston, Renfrewshire.
The Republic of Texas was
In 1910, a white mob of hundreds of people lynched a black man, Allen Brooks, accused of raping a little girl. The mob tortured Brooks, then killed him at the downtown intersection of Main and Akard by hanging him from a decorative archway inscribed with the words "Welcome Visitors". Thousands of Dallasites came to gawk at the torture scene, collecting keepsakes and posing for photographs.[36][37]
In 1921, the Mexican president
During World War II, Dallas was a major manufacturing center for military automobiles and aircraft for the United States and Allied forces. Over 94,000 jeeps and over 6,000 military trucks were produced at the Ford plant in East Dallas.[41] North American Aviation manufactured over 18,000 aircraft at their plant in Dallas, including the T-6 Texan trainer, P-51 Mustang fighter, and B-24 Liberator bomber.[42]
On November 22, 1963, United States President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Elm Street while his motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in Downtown Dallas.[43] The upper two floors of the building from which the Warren Commission reported assassin Lee Harvey Oswald shot Kennedy have been converted into a historical museum covering the former president's life and accomplishments.[44] Kennedy was pronounced dead at Dallas Parkland Memorial Hospital just over 30 minutes after the shooting.
On July 7, 2016,
Geography
Dallas is situated in the
Architecture
Dallas's skyline has twenty buildings classified as
Several smaller structures are fashioned in the
Neighborhoods
The city of Dallas is home to many areas, neighborhoods, and communities. Dallas can be divided into several geographical areas which include larger geographical sections of territory including many subdivisions or neighborhoods, forming macroneighborhoods.
Central Dallas
Central Dallas is anchored by
East Dallas
Oak Cliff
Southwest of Downtown lies Oak Cliff. Once a separate city founded in the mid-1800s, Oak Cliff was annexed in 1903 by Dallas.[53] As one of the oldest areas in Dallas, the hilly North Oak Cliff is home to 5 of the 13 conservation districts in Dallas including the architecturally significant Kessler Park neighborhood and trendy Bishop Arts District.
South Dallas
South Dallas is the location of Cedars, and Fair Park, where the annual State Fair of Texas is held from late September through mid-October. Also located here is Exposition Park, Dallas, noted for having artists, art galleries, and bars along tree-lined Exposition Avenue.[54]
South Side Dallas is a popular location for nightly entertainment. The neighborhood has undergone extensive development and community integration. What was once an area characterized by high rates of poverty and crime is now one of the city's most attractive social and living destinations.[55][56]
Further east, in the southeast quadrant of the city, is the large neighborhood of Pleasant Grove. Once an independent city, it is a collection of mostly lower-income residential areas stretching to Seagoville in the southeast. Though a city neighborhood, Pleasant Grove is surrounded by undeveloped land on all sides. Swampland and wetlands separating it from South Dallas are part of the Great Trinity Forest,[57] a subsection of the city's Trinity River Project, newly appreciated for habitat and flood control.
Districts
- Bishop Arts District
- Casa Linda
- Casa View
- Cedars
- Deep Ellum
- Design District
- Downtown
- Exposition Park
- Fair Park
- Highland Hills
- Kessler
- Knox-Henderson
- Lakewood
- Lake Highlands
- Lower Greenville
- "M" Streets
- Oak Cliff
- Oak Lawn
- Park Cities
- Pleasant Grove
- Preston Hollow
- Southwestern Medical District
- Trinity Groves
- Turtle Creek
- Uptown
- Victory Park
- West End
Topography
Dallas and its surrounding area are mostly flat. The city lies at elevations ranging from 450 to 550 feet (137 to 168 m) above sea level. The western edge of the Austin Chalk Formation, a limestone escarpment (also known as the "White Rock Escarpment"), rises 230 feet (70 m) and runs roughly north–south through Dallas County. South of the Trinity River, the uplift is particularly noticeable in the neighborhoods of Oak Cliff and the adjacent cities of Cockrell Hill, Cedar Hill, Grand Prairie, and Irving. Marked variations in terrain are also found in cities immediately to the west in Tarrant County surrounding Fort Worth, as well as along Turtle Creek north of Downtown.
Dallas, like many other cities, was founded along a river. The city was founded at the location of a "white rock crossing" of the Trinity River, where it was easier for wagons to cross the river in the days before ferries or bridges. The Trinity River, though not usefully navigable, is the major waterway through the city.
Since it was rerouted in the late 1920s, the river has been little more than a drainage ditch within a floodplain for several miles above and below Downtown, with a more normal course further upstream and downstream, but as Dallas began shifting towards postindustrial society, public outcry about the lack of aesthetic and recreational use of the river ultimately gave way to the Trinity River Project,[59] which was begun in the early 2000s.
The project area reaches for over 20 miles (32 km) in length within the city, while the overall geographical land area addressed by the Land Use Plan is approximately 44,000 acres (180 km2) in size—about 20% of the land area in Dallas. Green space along the river encompasses approximately 10,000 acres (40 km2), making it one of the largest and diverse urban parks in the world.[60]
White Rock Lake and Joe Pool Lake are reservoirs that comprise Dallas's other significant water features. Built at the beginning of the 20th century, White Rock Lake Park is a popular destination for boaters, rowers, joggers, and bikers, as well as visitors seeking peaceful respite from the city at the 66-acre (267,000 m2) Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden, on the lake's eastern shore. White Rock Creek feeds into White Rock Lake and then exits into the Trinity River southeast of Downtown Dallas. Trails along White Rock Creek are part of the extensive Dallas County Trails System.
Climate
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dallas has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) characteristic of the Southern Plains of the United States. It also has both continental and tropical characteristics, characterized by a relatively wide annual temperature range for the latitude. Located at the lower end of Tornado Alley, it is prone to extreme weather, tornadoes, and hailstorms.
Summers in Dallas are very hot with high humidity, although extended periods of dry weather often occur. July and August are typically the hottest months, with an average high of 96.0
Winters in Dallas are usually mild, with occasional cold spells. The average date of first frost is November 12, and the average date of last frost is March 12.
Spring and autumn are transitional seasons with moderate and pleasant weather. Vibrant
Each spring, cold fronts moving south from the North collide with warm, humid air streaming in from the
A few times each winter in Dallas, warm and humid air from the south will override cold, dry air, resulting in freezing rain or ice and causing disruptions in the city if the roads and highways become slick. Temperatures reaching 70 °F (21 °C) on average occur on at least four days each winter month. Dallas averages 26 annual nights at or below freezing,[66] with the winter of 1999–2000 holding the record for the fewest freezing nights with 14. During this same span of 15 years,[specify] the temperature in the region has only twice dropped below 15 °F (−9 °C), though it will generally fall below 20 °F (−7 °C) in most (67%) years.[66]
The
The average daily low in Dallas is 57.4 °F (14 °C), and the average daily high is 76.9 °F (25 °C). Dallas receives approximately 39.1 inches (993 mm) of rain per year. The record snowfall for Dallas was 11.2 inches (28 cm) on February 11, 2010.
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Record high °F (°C) | 88 (31) |
95 (35) |
97 (36) |
100 (38) |
103 (39) |
112 (44) |
112 (44) |
111 (44) |
110 (43) |
100 (38) |
92 (33) |
89 (32) |
112 (44) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 76.7 (24.8) |
80.5 (26.9) |
85.9 (29.9) |
89.0 (31.7) |
95.0 (35.0) |
98.9 (37.2) |
103.6 (39.8) |
104.1 (40.1) |
99.1 (37.3) |
92.5 (33.6) |
82.9 (28.3) |
77.9 (25.5) |
105.5 (40.8) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 57.7 (14.3) |
62.0 (16.7) |
69.9 (21.1) |
77.4 (25.2) |
84.9 (29.4) |
92.7 (33.7) |
96.9 (36.1) |
97.1 (36.2) |
90.0 (32.2) |
79.5 (26.4) |
67.8 (19.9) |
59.2 (15.1) |
77.9 (25.5) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 47.8 (8.8) |
52.0 (11.1) |
59.6 (15.3) |
67.1 (19.5) |
75.4 (24.1) |
83.3 (28.5) |
87.3 (30.7) |
87.3 (30.7) |
80.1 (26.7) |
69.1 (20.6) |
57.8 (14.3) |
49.5 (9.7) |
68.0 (20.0) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 37.9 (3.3) |
41.9 (5.5) |
49.4 (9.7) |
56.8 (13.8) |
66.0 (18.9) |
73.8 (23.2) |
77.7 (25.4) |
77.4 (25.2) |
70.1 (21.2) |
58.7 (14.8) |
47.8 (8.8) |
39.8 (4.3) |
58.1 (14.5) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 22.5 (−5.3) |
26.5 (−3.1) |
31.1 (−0.5) |
41.3 (5.2) |
52.0 (11.1) |
64.2 (17.9) |
70.8 (21.6) |
69.4 (20.8) |
56.8 (13.8) |
42.0 (5.6) |
31.2 (−0.4) |
25.1 (−3.8) |
19.1 (−7.2) |
Record low °F (°C) | −3 (−19) |
2 (−17) |
11 (−12) |
30 (−1) |
39 (4) |
53 (12) |
56 (13) |
57 (14) |
36 (2) |
26 (−3) |
17 (−8) |
1 (−17) |
−3 (−19) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.59 (66) |
2.78 (71) |
3.45 (88) |
3.15 (80) |
4.57 (116) |
3.83 (97) |
2.54 (65) |
2.31 (59) |
3.10 (79) |
4.79 (122) |
2.93 (74) |
3.23 (82) |
39.33 (999) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.1 (0.25) |
0.9 (2.3) |
0.3 (0.76) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.3 (0.76) |
1.7 (4.3) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 7.0 | 6.9 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 9.4 | 7.3 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 82.2 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
67.5 | 66.4 | 63.7 | 65.3 | 69.7 | 65.8 | 60.0 | 60.5 | 66.5 | 65.7 | 67.4 | 67.5 | 65.4 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 31.3 (−0.4) |
35.2 (1.8) |
42.6 (5.9) |
52.0 (11.1) |
61.0 (16.1) |
66.6 (19.2) |
67.6 (19.8) |
66.7 (19.3) |
63.3 (17.4) |
53.2 (11.8) |
43.7 (6.5) |
34.7 (1.5) |
51.5 (10.8) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 183.5 | 178.3 | 227.7 | 236.0 | 258.4 | 297.8 | 332.4 | 304.5 | 246.2 | 228.1 | 183.8 | 173.0 | 2,849.7 |
Percent possible sunshine | 58 | 58 | 61 | 61 | 60 | 69 | 76 | 74 | 66 | 65 | 59 | 56 | 64 |
Average ultraviolet index | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
Source 1: | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Atlas (Average UV index)[79] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1850 | 1,073 | — | |
1860 | 698 | −34.9% | |
1870 | 3,000 | 329.8% | |
1880 | 10,358 | 245.3% | |
1890 | 38,069 | 267.5% | |
1900 | 42,639 | 12.0% | |
1910 | 92,104 | 116.0% | |
1920 | 158,976 | 72.6% | |
1930 | 269,475 | 69.5% | |
1940 | 294,734 | 9.4% | |
1950 | 434,462 | 47.4% | |
1960 | 679,684 | 56.4% | |
1970 | 844,401 | 24.2% | |
1980 | 904,078 | 7.1% | |
1990 | 1,006,977 | 11.4% | |
2000 | 1,188,580 | 18.0% | |
2010 | 1,197,816 | 0.8% | |
2020 | 1,304,379 | 8.9% | |
2022 (est.) | 1,299,544 | −0.4% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[80] 2010–2020[3] |
Dallas is the
There were 524,498 households at the 2020 estimates,[82] up from 2010's 458,057 households, out of which 137,523 had children under the age of 18 living with them.[83] Approximately 36.2% of households were headed by married couples living together, 57.2% had a single householder male or female with no spouse present, and 35.6% were classified as non-family households with the householder living alone.[82] In 2010, 33.7% of all households had one or more people under 18 years of age, and 17.6% had one or more people who were 65 years of age or older. The average household size in 2020 was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.41.[83] In 2018, the owner-occupied housing rate was 40.2% and the renter-occupied housing rate was 59.8%.[84] At the 2010 census, the city's age distribution of the population showed 26.5% under the age of 18 and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.8 years. In 2010, 50.0% of the population was male and 50.0% was female.[85] In 2020, the median age 32.9 years; for every 100 females, there were 98.4 males.[86]
According to the 2020 American Community Survey, the median income for a household in the city was $54,747; families had a median household income of $60,895; married-couple families $81,761; and non-families $45,658.[87] In 2003–2007's survey, male full-time workers had a median income of $32,265 versus $32,402 for female full-time workers. The per capita income for the city was $25,904. About 18.7% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.6% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those aged 65 or over. Per 2007's survey, the median price for a house was $129,600;[88] by 2020, the median price for a house was valued at $252,300, with 54.4% of owner-occupied units from $50,000 to $299,999.[89]
The 2022 Point-In-Time Homeless Count found there were 4,410 homeless people in Dallas.[90][91] According to the Metro Dallas Homeless Alliance Continuum of Care 2022 Homeless Count & Survey Independent Analysis, "approximately 1 of 3 (31%) those experiencing homelessness were found on the streets or in other places not meant for human habitation."[91]
The region surrounding Dallas is a habitat for mosquitoes, creating a pest problem for humans. Dallas and the surrounding area is sprayed regularly to control mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile virus.[92]
Race and ethnicity
Racial composition | 2020[93] | 2010[94] | 1990[95] | 1970[95] | 1950[95] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 42.3% | 42.4% | 20.9% | 7.5%[f] | n/a |
White (non-Hispanic) | 28.1% | 28.8% | 47.7% | 66.9%[f] | n/a |
Black or African American
|
22.9% | 24.7% | 29.5% | 24.9% | 13.1% |
Asian
|
3.7% | 2.9% | 2.2% | 0.2% | – |
Dallas's population was historically predominantly White (non-Hispanic Whites made up 82.8% of the population in 1930),[96] but its population has diversified due to immigration and white flight over the 20th century. Since then, the non-Hispanic White population has declined to less than one-third of the city's population.[97] According to the 2010 U.S. census, 50.7% of the population was White (28.8% non-Hispanic White), 24.8% was Black or African American, 0.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.9% Asian, and 2.6% from two or more races; 42.4% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino American origin (they may be of any race).[98]
At the
The Dallas area is a major destination for
The Dallas area is also a major destination for Black and African Americans primarily due to its strong and diverse economy.
The Dallas–Fort-Worth metroplex had an estimated 70,000 Russian-speakers (as of November 6, 2012) mostly immigrants from the former
In addition, Dallas and its suburbs are home to a large number of Asian Americans including those of Indian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Japanese, and other heritage.[117][118] Among large-sized cities in the United States, Plano, the northern suburb of Dallas, has the 6th largest Chinese American population as of 2016. The Plano-Richardson area in particular had an estimated 30,000 Iranian Americans in 2012.[119][120] With so many immigrant groups, there are often multilingual signs in the linguistic landscape. According to U.S. Census Bureau data released in December 2013, 23 percent of Dallas County residents were foreign-born, while 16 percent of Tarrant County residents were foreign-born.[121] The 2018 census estimates determined that the city of Dallas's foreign-born population consisted of 25.4% naturalized citizens and 74.6% non-citizens.[122]
Sexual orientation and gender identity
Recognized for having one of the largest
Religion
Christianity is the most prevalently practiced religion in Dallas and the wider metropolitan area according to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center (78%),[129][130] and the Public Religion Research Institute's 2020 study (77%).[131] There is a large Protestant Christian influence in the Dallas community, though the city of Dallas and Dallas County have more Catholic than Protestant residents, while the reverse is usually true for the suburban areas of Dallas and the city of Fort Worth.
Dallas has been called the "Prison Ministry Capital of the World" by the prison ministry community.[132] It is a home for the International Network of Prison Ministries, the Coalition of Prison Evangelists, Bill Glass Champions for Life, Chaplain Ray's International Prison Ministry, and 60 other prison ministries.[133]
The
The city is home to a sizable
Dallas's
Dallas has a large Buddhist community. Immigrants from
Crime
According to the FBI, a city to city comparison of crime rates can be misleading, because recording practices vary from city to city, citizens report different percentages of crimes from one city to the next, and the actual number of people physically present in a city is unknown.[155] With that in mind, Dallas has one of the top 10 crime rates in Texas and its crime rate is higher than the national average.[156][157]
Since 2020, Dallas' murder rate has seen a notable increase. In 2020, Dallas recorded 251 murders which was a 20-year high. By 2022 it decreased to 214 but then increased to 246 in 2023.[158] As of 2020, the gang presence in Dallas has grown significantly and is heavily responsible for the spike in crime.[159] Dallas leaders have made crime reduction a major priority.[160][161]
Economy
Top publicly traded companies in Dallas for 2017 according to revenues with Dallas and U.S. ranks. | |||||
DAL | Corporation | US | |||
1 | AT&T |
9 | |||
2 | Energy Transfer Equity |
79 | |||
3 | Tenet Healthcare | 134 | |||
4 | Southwest Airlines | 138 | |||
5 | Texas Instruments | 206 | |||
6 | Jacobs Engineering |
259 | |||
7 | HF Sinclair | 274 | |||
8 | Dean Foods | 351 | |||
9 | Builders FirstSource | 421 | |||
[162] | Source: Dallas Morning News
In its beginnings, Dallas relied on farming, neighboring
By the early 1900s, Dallas was a hub for economic activity all over the Southern United States and was selected in 1914 as the seat of the
The end of
In the 1980s Dallas was a real estate hotbed, with the increasing metropolitan population bringing with it a demand for new housing and office space. Several of Downtown Dallas' largest buildings are the fruit of this boom, but over-speculation, the savings and loan crisis and an oil bust brought the 1980s building boom to an end for Dallas as well as its sister city Houston. Between the late 1980s and the early 2000s, central Dallas went through a slow period of growth. However, since the early 2000s the central core of Dallas has been enjoying steady and significant growth encompassing both repurposing of older commercial buildings in Downtown Dallas into residential and hotel uses, as well as the construction of new office and residential towers. The opening of Klyde Warren Park, built across Woodall Rodgers Freeway seamlessly connecting the central Dallas CBD to Uptown/Victory Park, has acted synergistically with the highly successful Dallas Arts District, so both have become catalysts for significant new development in central Dallas.
The residential real estate market in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex has not only been resilient but has once again returned to a boom status. Dallas and the greater metro area have been leading the nation in apartment construction and net leasing, with rents reaching all-time highs. Single family home sales, whether pre-owned or new construction, along with home price appreciation, were leading the nation since 2015.[166][167]
A sudden drop in the price of oil, starting in mid-2014 and accelerating throughout 2015, has not significantly affected Dallas and its greater metro area due to the highly diversified nature of its economy. Dallas and the metropolitan region continue to see strong demand for housing, apartment and office leasing, shopping center space, warehouse and industrial space with overall job growth remaining very robust. Oil-dependent cities and regions have felt significant effects from the downturn, but Dallas's growth has continued unabated, strengthening in 2015. Significant national headquarters relocations to the area (as exemplified by Toyota's decision to leave California and establish its new North American headquarters in the Dallas area) coupled with significant expansions of regional offices for a variety of corporations and along with company relocations to Downtown Dallas helped drive the boom in the Dallas economy.
The Dallas–Fort Worth area has one of the largest concentrations of corporate headquarters for publicly traded companies in the United States. Fortune Magazine's 2022 annual list of the Fortune 500 in America indicates the city of Dallas had 11 Fortune 500 companies,.[19] and the DFW region as a whole had 23.[18] As of 2022, Dallas–Fort Worth represents the second-largest concentration of Fortune 500 headquarters in Texas and fourth-largest in the United States, behind the metropolitan areas of Houston (24), Chicago (35) and New York (62).[18]
In 2008,
Nearby Irving is home to six Fortune 500 companies of its own, including
Additional major companies headquartered in Dallas and its metro area include
In addition to its large number of businesses, Dallas has more shopping centers per capita than any other city in the United States and is also home to the second shopping center ever built in the United States,
According to Forbes magazine's annual list of "The Richest People in America" published September 21, 2011, the city is home to 17 billionaires, up from 14 in 2009. In 2009 (with 14 billionaires) the city placed sixth worldwide among cities with the most billionaires.[184][185]
Dallas is the third most popular destination for business travel in the United States, and the
Arts and culture
Arts and museums
The
The Perot Museum of Nature and Science, also in Downtown Dallas, is a natural history and science museum. Designed by 2005 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate Thom Mayne and his firm Morphosis Architects, the 180,000-square-foot (17,000 m2) facility has six floors and stands about 14 stories high.
Venues that are part of the AT&T
Not far north of the area is the Meadows Museum at Southern Methodist University. In 2009, it joined up with Madrid's Prado Museum for a three-year partnership. The Prado focuses on Spanish visual art and has a collection of Spanish art in North America, with works by de Juanes, El Greco, Fortuny, Goya, Murillo, Picasso, Pkensa, Ribera, Rico, Velasquez, Zurbaran, and other Spaniards.
These works, as well as non-Spanish highlights like sculptures by Rodin and Moore, have been so successful of a collaboration that the Prado and Meadows have agreed upon an extension of the partnership.[191]
The Institute for Creation Research operates the
A major art infusion in the area results from the city's lax stance on graffiti, and a number of public spaces, including tunnels, sides of buildings, sidewalks, and streets, are covered in murals. One major example, the Good-Latimer tunnel, was torn down in late 2006 to accommodate the construction of a light rail line through the site.[196]
Like Deep Ellum before it, the
Current attractions include Gilley's Dallas and Poor David's Pub.
South of the Trinity River, the Bishop Arts District in Oak Cliff is home to a number of studio artists living in converted warehouses. Walls of buildings along alleyways and streets are painted with murals, and the surrounding streets contain many eclectic restaurants and shops.[201]
Dallas has an Office of Cultural Affairs as a department of the city government. The office is responsible for six cultural centers throughout the city, funding for local artists and theaters, initiating public art projects, and running the city-owned classical radio station WRR.[202] The Los Angeles-class submarine USS Dallas was planned to become a museum ship near the Trinity River after her decommissioning in September 2014, but this has since been delayed.[203] It will be taken apart into massive sections in Houston and be transported by trucks to the museum site and will be put back together.
Libraries
The city is served by the Dallas Public Library system. The system was created by the Dallas Federation of Women's Clubs with efforts spearheaded by then president May Dickson Exall. Her fundraising efforts led to a grant from philanthropist and steel baron Andrew Carnegie, which allowed the library system to build its first branch in 1901.[204]
Today, the library operates 30 branch locations throughout the city, including the 8-story J. Erik Jonsson Central Library in the Government District of Downtown.[205]
Places of interest
- Adolphus Hotel
- African American Museum
- American Airlines Center
- Arts District
- AT&T Performing Arts Center
- Bishop Arts District
- Cedars
- Cotton Bowl
- Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden
- Dallas Baptist University
- Dallas Chamber Symphony
- Dallas Hilton, the world's first modern Hilton
- Dallas Holocaust Museum/Center for Education & Tolerance
- Dallas Municipal Building
- Dallas Museum of Art
- Dallas World Aquarium
- Dallas Zoo
- Dealey Plaza
- Dee and Charles Wyly Theatre
- Design District
- Exposition Park, Dallas
- Fair Park
- Farmers Market
- Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas
- Frontiers of Flight Museum
- Galleria Dallas
- George W. Bush Presidential Center
- Highland Park Village
- John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial
- Kalita Humphreys Theater, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright
- Katy Trail
- Kirby Building
- Klyde Warren Park
- Majestic Theatre
- Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge
- Meadows Museum
- Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center
- Munger Place Historic District
- Museum of Biblical Art
- The Nasher Sculpture Center
- Neiman Marcus Building
- NorthPark Center
- Pioneer Plaza
- Perot Museum of Nature and Science
- Reunion Tower
- Ronald Kirk Bridge
- Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza
- South Boulevard-Park Row Historic District
- Southern Methodist University
- Southfork Ranch as seen on Dallas (1978) and Dallas (2012)
- Swiss Avenuehistorical district
- Texas School Book Depository
- Texas Theatre
- Thanks-Giving Square
- Trammell & Margaret Crow Collection of Asian Art
- Trinity River Audubon Center
- Two Bit Circus
- Victory Park
- White Rock Lake
Cuisine
Dallas is known for its
Events
The
Other festivals include several
With the opening of
After the discontinuance of the "Big D NYE" festivities a few years later, a new end-of-year event was started downtown, with a big fireworks show put on at
Sports
Since joining the league as an expansion team in 1960, the Cowboys have enjoyed substantial success, advancing to eight
The Texas Rangers won the American League pennant in 2010, 2011 and 2023, and won the World Series in 2023. The franchise relocated from Washington D.C. in 1972. They play in the West Division of the American League.
The Dallas Mavericks joined the league as an expansion team in 1980. They won their first National Basketball Association championship in 2011 led by Dirk Nowitzki.[216] They play in the Southwest Division of the Western Conference.
The Dallas Stars moved to North Texas in 1993 as a relocation from the former team, the Minnesota North Stars. The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, two Presidents' Trophies as the top regular season team in the NHL, the Western Conference championship three times, and in 1998–99, the Stanley Cup. The team plays in the Central Division of the Western Conference.
The Dallas Wings came to The Metroplex in 2016 after relocating from Tulsa.
There are many notable minor league teams in the Dallas-Fort Worth. The
The
The
The only
The
Parks and recreation
Dallas maintains and operates 406 parks on 21,000 acres (85 km2) of parkland.[227][228] The city's parks contain 17 separate lakes, including
Fair Park
Dallas's flagship park is Fair Park. Built in 1936 for the Texas Centennial Exposition world's fair, Fair Park is the world's largest collection of Art Deco exhibit buildings, art, and sculptures; Fair Park is also home to the State Fair of Texas, the largest state fair in the United States. In November 2019, consultants presented to the public a master plan to revitalize the area.[230]
Klyde Warren Park
Named after Klyde Warren, the young son of billionaire
Turtle Creek Parkway park
Built in 1913, Turtle Creek Parkway park is a 23.7-acre (9.6 ha) linear park in between Turtle Creek and Turtle Creek Boulevard in the aptly named Turtle Creek neighborhood.[232] Archaeological surveys discovered dart points and flint chips dating 3,000 years to 1,000 BCE. This site was later discovered to be home to Native Americans who cherished the trees and natural spring water. The park is across Turtle Creek from Kalita Humphreys Theater, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
Lake Cliff Park
Opened on July 4, 1906, Lake Cliff Park was called "the Southwest's Greatest Playground". The park was home to an amusement park, a large pool, waterslides, the world's largest skating rink, and three theaters, the largest being the 2,500-seat Casino Theater. After the streetcar bridge that brought most of the park visitors collapsed, Lake Cliff Park was sold. The Casino Theater moved and the pool was demolished after a polio scare in 1959. The pool was Dallas's first municipal pool.[233]
Reverchon Park
In 1935, Dallas purchased 36 acres (15 ha) from John Cole's estate to develop
Trinity River Project
As part of the ongoing Trinity River Project, the Great Trinity Forest, at 6,000 acres (24 km2), is the largest urban hardwood forest in the United States and is part of the largest urban park in the United States.[57] The Trinity River Audubon Center is a new addition to the park. Opened in 2008, it serves as a gateway to many trails and other nature-viewing activities in the area. The Trinity River Audubon Center is the first LEED-certified building built by the City of Dallas Parks and Recreation Department.
Katy Trail
Named after its former railroad name, the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad (or "MKT" Railroad), the 3.5-mile (5.6 km) stretch of railroad was purchased by the city of Dallas and transformed into the city's premier trail. Stretching from Victory Park, the 30-acre (12 ha) Katy Trail passes through the Turtle Creek and Knox Park neighborhoods and runs along the east side of Highland Park. The trail ends at Central Expressway, but extensions are underway to extend the trail to the White Rock Lake Trail in Lakewood.[233]
Preserves
Dallas hosts three of the twenty-one preserves of the extensive 3,200 acres (13 km2) Dallas County Preserve System. The Joppa Preserve, the McCommas Bluff Preserve, and the Cedar Ridge Preserve are within the Dallas city limits. The Cedar Ridge Preserve was known as the Dallas Nature Center, but the Audubon Dallas group now manages the 633-acre (2.56 km2) natural habitat park on behalf of the city of Dallas and Dallas County. The preserve sits at an elevation of 755 feet (230 m) above sea level and offers a variety of outdoor activities, including 10 miles (16 km) of hiking trails and picnic areas.
Dallas Zoo
The city is also home to Texas's first and largest zoo, the 106-acre (0.43 km2) Dallas Zoo, which opened at its current location in 1888.[238][239]
Government
Local representation
The city uses a
In the 2017–2018 fiscal year, the city's total budget (the sum of operating and capital budgets) was $3.3 billion.[248] The city has seen a steady increase in its budget due to sustained growth: the budget was $1.7 billion in 2002–2003,[249] $1.9 billion in 2003–2004,[249] $2.0 billion in 2004–2005,[250] and $2.2 billion in 2005–2006.[250]
Federal and state representation
National and state legislators representing Dallas:
The
Politics
Since 2023, Dallas has been the largest city in the United States with a Republican mayor after Eric Johnson switched parties after winning re-election. He ran and was elected as a Democrat.[g] However, the city is normally a Democratic stronghold, with over 69% of voters supporting Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election and 67% of voters supporting Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election (excluding write-ins).[252] Democratic voters dominate the majority of the city, especially the central urban core and southern sectors, with Republicans spreading a sliver of suburban neighborhoods in North Dallas. In the 2004 U.S. presidential election, 57% of Dallas voters voted for John Kerry over George W. Bush.[253] Dallas County was closely divided, with 50% of voters voting for Bush and 49% voting for Kerry.[254] Results in the 2008 and 2012 elections favored Barack Obama, with the 44th President receiving 57% of Dallas County voters in both years, with greater margins in the city of Dallas. In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, approximately 66% of Dallas voters voted for Hillary Clinton, with 28% of city voters voting for Donald Trump.[252] Dallas County as a whole saw 61% of voters voting for Clinton, with 35% support for Trump.[252] In 2004, Lupe Valdez was elected Dallas County Sheriff. An open lesbian, Valdez was the only female sheriff in the state of Texas until her resignation. Despite controversies in her handling of county jails, she won re-election in 2008 with a 10-point victory over Republican challenger Lowell Cannaday.[255]
Year | Democratic | Republican | Third Parties
|
---|---|---|---|
2020 | 69.3% 315,166 | 28.4% 129,086 | 2.2% 10,351 |
2016 | 67.2% 247,424 | 28.7% 105,814 | 4.1% 15,169 |
Year | Democratic | Republican | Third Parties
|
---|---|---|---|
2020 | 65.4% 293,817 | 32.0% 143,861 | 2.6% 11,506 |
2018 | 71.2% 255,236 | 28.1% 100,633 | 0.7% 2,636 |
2014 | 57.9% 107,549 | 42.1% 78,094 | 0.0% 0 |
Education
There are 337 public schools, 89 private schools, 38 colleges, and 32 libraries in Dallas.[259] Dallas–Fort Worth is also home to six Nobel Laureates.[260]
Colleges and universities
The Dallas area has a high number of colleges and universities. In addition to those in the city, the surrounding cities also have a number of universities, colleges, trade schools, and other educational institutions. The following describes the universities and their proximity to the city:
The Texas Legislature defines all areas in Dallas County and in the Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District as being in the service area of Dallas College (formerly Dallas County Community School District or DCCCD). Areas in Collin County are assigned to Collin College.[261]
Colleges and universities within Dallas city limits
- UT Southwestern Medical Center ("UTSW") is a prominent academic medical center north of downtown Dallas in the Southwestern Medical District. Six Nobel laureates have been among its faculty,[262] and UTSW was ranked #1 in the world among healthcare institutions in biomedical sciences by Nature in 2019.[263] The main teaching hospital of the university. UTSW is part of the University of Texas System.
- Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas from 1977 through 2011 before consolidating those functions into the new IHSD building at Parkland.[264]
- black college in southeast Dallas. Originally located in Waco, Texas, it moved to Dallas in 1990 and is housed on the campus of the former Bishop College, another private, historically black college. Dallas billionaire and entrepreneur Comer Cottrell Jr., founder of ProLine Corporation, bought the campus of Bishop College and bequeathed it to Paul Quinn College in 1990 making it the only historically black college in the Dallas area.[265]
- The University of North Texas at Dallas is along Houston School Road.[266] In 2009 UNT at Dallas became the first public university within Dallas city limits.[267] The University of North Texas System requested approval from the Texas Legislature and Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board for the state's first new public law school in more than 40 years. The University of North Texas at Dallas College of Law was planned to be based at the Old Municipal Building in Downtown Dallas.[268]
- Dallas Baptist University is a private, coeducational university in the Mountain Creek area of southwest Dallas. Originally in Decatur, Texas, the school moved to Dallas in 1965.[269] The school enrolls over 5,600 students,[270] and offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral degrees. Popular subjects include Biblical studies, business, and music degrees. DBU has been recognized by the National Council on Teacher Quality for their high-quality teacher preparatory degrees.[271] The school also maintains an Intensive English Program for international students wishing to enhance their knowledge of the English language. The campus is a Tree Campus USA and is recognized as one of the most beautiful university campuses in the Southwest U.S.[272] The school has also become nationally recognized for its baseball team which has made several playoff runs.
- Dallas Theological Seminary, also within the city limits, is recognized as one of the leading seminaries in Evangelical Protestantism. Situated 3 miles (5 km) east of Downtown Dallas, it has over 2,000 graduate students and has graduated over 12,000 alumni.
- Criswell College is within two blocks of Dallas Theological Seminary. Criswell was started by First Baptist Church of Dallas in the early 1970s.
- Dallas College (formerly Dallas County Community College District), the 2-year educational institution of Dallas County, has seven campuses throughout the area with branches in Dallas as well as the surrounding suburbs.
Colleges and universities within Dallas County
- Southern Methodist University is a private, coeducational university in University Park, an independent city that, together with the adjacent town of Highland Park, Dallas surrounds entirely. SMU was founded in 1911 by the Southern Methodist Church, and is now run by R. Gerald Turner.
- UT Southwestern Medical Center.
- Cistercian Monastery and Cistercian Preparatory School are just north of the UD campus across Texas State Highway 114. The Highlands School, a PK–12 Legionaryschool, is just west of the UD campus and connects to campus by jogging trails. As a center for religious study, the Cistercian Monastery continues to be notable for scholastic developments in theology.
- Located in Downtown Dallas, Dallas County Community College District. El Centro first opened its campus doors in 1966 and now enrolls over 10,000 students. El Centro was the first college of the DCCCD to offer a nursing program and has established relationships with several top-notch hospitals in the Dallas area. The college is also the only campus within DCCCD that offers a Food & Hospitality Program as well as renowned programs in fashion design and fashion marketing.[273]
University Research Center
Other area colleges and universities
- The University of Texas at Arlington
- The University of North Texas in Denton
- Texas Woman's University in Denton
- Tarleton State University in Fort Worth
- University of Phoenix in Dallas, Irving, Plano, Arlington, Hurst, and Cedar Hill
- Dallas Christian College in Farmers Branch
- Arlington Baptist College
- Collin College in Collin County
- Remington College in Garland
- Remington College in Fort Worth
- Texas Christian University
- Texas Wesleyan University
- University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth
- Austin College in Sherman
- Texas A&M University–Commerce
- Southwestern Assemblies of God University in nearby Waxahachie
- Navarro College in Corsicana
- Tarrant County College in Tarrant County
Primary and secondary schools
Most people in the city of Dallas are within the
A few areas of Dallas also extend into other school districts, including
Many school districts in Dallas County, including Dallas ISD, were formerly served by a governmental agency called Dallas County Schools. The system provided busing and other transportation services, access to a massive media library, technology services, strong ties to local organizations for education/community integration, and staff development programs.[278]
Private schools
Students from Dallas attend many private schools in Dallas, and in nearby areas. These schools include:
- Alcuin School
- Bishop Dunne Catholic School
- Bishop Lynch High School
- Greenhill School in nearby Addison
- Episcopal School of Dallas
- First Baptist Academy of Dallas
- The Hockaday School
- Jesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas
- June Shelton School
- Lakehill Preparatory School
- The Lamplighter School
- Farmers Branch
- St. Mark's School of Texas
- Trinity Christian Academy in nearby Addison
- Ursuline Academy of Dallas
- The Winston School
Media
Dallas has several local newspapers, magazines, television stations and radio stations that serve the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, which is the fifth-largest
The Dallas Times Herald, started in 1888, was the Morning News' major competitor until Belo purchased it on December 8, 1991, and closed the paper down the next day. Other daily newspapers are Al Día, a Spanish-language paper published by Belo, and a number of ethnic newspapers printed in languages such as Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese.
Other publications include the Dallas Weekly and the Elite News, all weekly news publications. The
D Magazine is a notable monthly magazine about business, life, and entertainment in Dallas–Fort Worth. Local visitor magazines include "WHERE Magazine" and "Travelhost"–available at hotel desks or in guest rooms. In addition, the park cities and suburbs such as Plano also have their own community newspapers. Also, THE Magazine covers the contemporary arts scene.[280]
In terms of the larger metro area, the
Area television stations affiliated with the major broadcasting networks (network
Over 101 radio stations operate within range of Dallas.
Because of the city's central geographical position and lack of nearby mountainous terrain, high-power
can broadcast as far as southern Canada at night and can be used for emergency messages when broadcasting is down in other major metropolitan areas in the United States.Slavic Voice of America media group serves Russian-speaking Americans out of Dallas. Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation (HBC), the largest company in the Spanish-language radio station business, is based in Dallas.[285] In 2003, HBC was acquired by Univision and became Univision Radio Inc., but the radio company remains headquartered in the city.[286]
Infrastructure
Public safety
The Dallas Police Department provides most policing in Dallas. The Dallas chief of police is Eddie Garcia.[287] The police headquarters are in the Cedars neighborhood of southern Dallas.
Fire protection and emergency medical services in the city are provided by the Dallas Fire-Rescue Department. The Dallas Fire & Rescue chief is Dominique Artis.[288] The department operates the Dallas Firefighter's Museum built in 1907 along Parry Avenue near Fair Park. Dallas's oldest remaining fire station building still stands at the corner of McKinney Ave. and Leonard and was built in 1892. It was the home of Engine Co. Number 1, and is now a picture framing shop.
Health care
Dallas has many hospitals and several medical research facilities within its city limits. One major research center is the Dallas Medical District with the
Dallas also has a VA hospital in the southern portion of the city, the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The center is home to a Consolidated Mail Outpatient Pharmacy (CMOP), part of an initiative by the Department of Veterans Affairs to provide mail-order prescriptions to veterans using computerization at strategic locations throughout the United States.
Other hospitals in the city include
Utilities
Dallas is served by
The city offers garbage pickup and recycling service weekly through its Sanitation Services department.
Transportation
Like many other major cities in the United States, the automobile is the primary mode of local transportation, though efforts have been made to increase the availability of alternative modes of transportation, including the construction of light rail lines, biking and walking paths, wide sidewalks, a trolley system, and buses. Walk Score ranked Dallas the twenty-third most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States in 2011.[293]
In 2009, 78.5% of Dallas (city) commuters drive to work alone. The 2009 mode share for Dallas (city) commuters are 10.7% for carpooling, 3.9% for transit, 1.9% for walking, and .1% for cycling.[294] In 2015, the American Community Survey estimated modal shares for Dallas (city) commuters of 75.4% for driving alone, 12.8% for carpooling, 3.5% for riding transit, 1.9% for walking, and .2% for cycling.[295]
The city of Dallas has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. In 2015, 10.2 percent of Dallas households lacked a car, and decreased to 9.1 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Dallas averaged 1.59 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.[296]
Highways
Dallas is at the confluence of four major
Inside these freeway loops are other boulevard- and parkway-style loops, including Loop 12 and Belt Line Road. Another beltway around the city upwards of 45 miles (72 km) from Downtown is under plan in Collin County.
Radiating out of Downtown Dallas's freeway loop are the spokes of the area's highway system—Interstates 30, 35E, and 45,
The recently completed interchange at the intersection of Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway (Interstate 635) and Central Expressway (U.S. Highway 75) has five stacks and is aptly called the High Five Interchange. It is one of the few five-level interchanges in Dallas and is one of the largest freeway interchanges in the United States.
The following is a list of the freeways and tollways in the Dallas and Fort Worth area:
- Interstate 20
- Interstate 30
- Interstate 35E
- Interstate 35W
- Interstate 45
- Interstate 635
- Interstate 820
- U.S. Highway 67
- U.S. Highway 75
- U.S. Highway 77
- U.S. Highway 80
- U.S. Highway 175
- U.S. Highway 287
- State Highway 114
- State Highway 121
- State Highway 161
- State Highway 183
- State Highway 190
- State Highway 360
- Loop 12
- Spur 366
- Spur 408
- Spur 482
- Dallas North Tollway
- President George Bush Turnpike
- Sam Rayburn Tollway
- Chisholm Trail Parkway
Airports
Two commercial airports serve Dallas:
DFW International Airport is in the suburbs slightly north of and equidistant to Downtown Fort Worth and Downtown Dallas. In terms of size, DFW International is the largest airport in the state, the second largest in the United States, and ninth largest in the world; DFW International Airport is larger than the island of Manhattan.[298]
In terms of traffic, DFW International is the busiest airport in the state, fourth-busiest in the United States, and eleventh-busiest in the world. The headquarters of American Airlines, the largest air carrier in the world ahead of United Airlines and Delta Air Lines, is less than one mile (1.6 km) from DFW International within Fort Worth's city limits. Similarly, Love Field is within Dallas's city limits, about 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Downtown, and is headquarters to Southwest Airlines, the largest domestic airline in the United States.
Transit systems
The
The Orange Line initially operated as a peak-service line providing extra capacity on portions of the Green and Red Lines (
This provides passengers the convenience of disembarking the DART rail, proceeding to security check-in and immediately boarding
In August 2009, the Regional Transportation Council agreed to seek $96 million in federal stimulus dollars for a trolley project in Dallas and Fort Worth. The Oak Cliff Transit Authority took the lead with leaders envisioning a streetcar line that would link
Dallas was awarded a $23 million TIGER grant towards the $58 million Dallas Streetcar Project in February 2010.[304]
In addition to light rail, Amtrak's Texas Eagle also serves Union Station, providing daily service east to Chicago and west to San Antonio, and thrice-weekly service west to Los Angeles. The Trinity Rail Express terminates at Union Station and T&P Station.
Notable people
International relations
The city of Dallas has worked to build Sister & Friendship City relationships around the globe. These relationships help create and strengthen partnerships between Dallas and the international community. The program aims to build global cooperation at the municipal level by promoting cultural understanding and stimulating economic development between Dallas and its foreign counterparts.[305]
Sister cities
Dallas's sister cities are:[306]
Friendship cities
Dallas has friendly relations with:[306]
See also
- List of museums in North Texas
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Dallas County, Texas
- Texas Triangle
- USS Dallas, 3 ships
- 2015 attack on Dallas police
Notes
- ^ In ascending order from the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex (in terms of metropolitan population): Chicago via Lake Michigan, Los Angeles via the Pacific Ocean and New York City via the Atlantic Ocean. For attempts to render the Trinity River navigable to the Gulf of Mexico, see Gard, Wayne. "Trinity River Navigation Projects". The Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). Retrieved February 9, 2023.; The Trinity River Authority of Texas (TRA), "The Trinity River Authority of Texas (TRA)". Archived from the original on September 16, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013. (last visited September 16, 2013); Living with the Trinity: The Trinity River in Dallas, Fort Worth, North Texas and Beyond. Archived from the original on August 31, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013.. See also Trinity River (Texas).
- ^ If this theory is correct, the name is derived from Scottish Gaelic Dalais, the etymology of which is in turn uncertain but may be from a Pictish term that roughly translates to "meadow abode".
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Dallas were kept at the Weather Bureau Office in downtown from 15 October 1913 to August 1940, and at Love Field since September 1940.[75]
- ^ Sunshine normals are based on only 24 years of data.
- ^ a b From 15% sample
- ^ Dallas elects mayors in nonpartisan races, however, mayor Eric Johnson switched parties to the Republicans after winning re-election in 2023.
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- ^ Yonah Freemark (October 13, 2010). "Transit Mode Share Trends Looking Steady; Rail Appears to Encourage Non-Automobile Commutes". Transport Politic. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
- ^ "2015 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates: Commuting Characteristics by Sex". American Fact Finder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
- ^ "Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map". Governing. December 9, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
- ^ "The Pandemic Has Made This Airport the World's Busiest". Condé Nast Traveler. July 30, 2020.
- ^ "DIA is the second biggest airport in the world, and that means it's bigger than Manhattan". KUSA.com. February 21, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
- ^ "DART becomes nation's largest light rail system today | Irving Blog". Irvingblog.dallasnews.com. December 6, 2010. Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
- ^ "DART.org – Expansion Information". dart.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
- ^ "Orange Line Expansion Information". DART.org. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
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- ^ Appleton, Roy (August 17, 2009). "Proposed streetcar route for Oak Cliff scaled back". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on January 14, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2009 – via oakcliffblog.dallasnews.com.
- ^ Wilonsky, Robert (February 17, 2010). "Downtown Dallas Streetcar Project Takes the TIGER By the Tail to Tune of $23 Million – Dallas – News – Unfair Park". Blogs.dallasobserver.com. Archived from the original on May 13, 2013. Retrieved May 11, 2013.
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Further reading
- ISBN 1290690731
- Patricia Evridge Hill, Dallas: The Making of a Modern City, Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 1996. ISBN 0292731043
- Maxine Holmes, The WPA Dallas Guide and History, Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press, 1992. ISBN 0929398319
- Darwin Payne, Big D: Triumphs and Troubles of an American Supercity in the 20th Century, Dallas: Three Forks Press, 2000. ISBN 1893451046
- John William Rogers, The Lusty Texans of Dallas, E. P. Dutton, 1951.
- Jim Schutze, The Accommodation: The Politics of Race in an American City, New York: Citadel Press, 1987. ISBN 0806510463
- Nancy Smith, Dallas International with J.R. Ewing: History of Real Dallasites in the Spotlight of "Dallas", Southfork and the 1980s Gold Rush, Outskirts Press, 2012. ISBN 1432756990
- Nancy Smith, Dallas Celebrity in the Glamorous 1980s Era of Ronald and Nancy Reagan, Denver: Outskirts, 2016. ISBN 147876242X
- Roy H. Williams and Kevin James Shay, And Justice for All! The Untold History of Dallas, Fort Worth: CGS, 1999. ISBN 0965050572