Damat Ferid Pasha

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In this Ottoman Turkish style name, the given name is Mehmed Adil Ferid, the title is Pasha, and there is no family name.
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
In office
4 March 1919 – 2 October 1919
MonarchMehmed VI
Preceded byAhmet Tevfik Pasha
Succeeded byAli Rıza Pasha
In office
5 April 1920 – 21 October 1920
MonarchMehmed VI
Preceded bySalih Hulusi Pasha
Succeeded byAhmet Tevfik Pasha
Personal details
Born1853
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Died6 October 1923 (aged 69–70)
Nice, France
NationalityOttoman
Political partyFreedom and Accord Party
SpouseMediha Sultan

Damat Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha (

traitor and subsequently a persona non grata in Turkey. He emigrated to Europe at the end of the Greco-Turkish War
.

Early life and career

Some claim that Mehmed Adil Ferid was born in 1853 in Constantinople as the son of Izet Efendi, who was born in Potoci near Taşlıca (now Pljevlja, Montenegro). He was a member of the Ottoman Council of State (Şûrâ-yı Devlet) and Governor of Beirut and Sidon in 1857, but there is no clear evidence about this information.[citation needed]

In 1879, Ferid was enrolled at the Schools of Islamic charities in

St. Petersburg, and London
.

He married a daughter of

Ottoman Parliament
.

He was one of the founding members of the Freedom and Accord Party in 1911, favoring liberalism and more regional autonomy within the Empire, in opposition to the Committee of Union and Progress. He served as its first president from 24 November 1911 to June 1912.[2]

It was suggested that Damat Ferit Pasha be sent to the London conference to end the First Balkan War, but Grand Vizier Kamil Pasha opposed, saying "this man is crazy."[3]

On 11 June 1919, he officially confessed to massacres against

Armenians and was a key figure and initiator of the Istanbul trials held directly after World War I to condemn to death the chief perpetrators of the genocide,[4][5][6]
who were notably CUP members and long-time rivals of his own Freedom and Accord Party.

Grand Vezierates

His first office as grand vizier coincided with the

Mehmet VI had to call him back to form a new government on 5 April 1920. He remained as Grand Vizier until 17 October 1920, forming two different cabinets in between.

Liberals Damat Ferid Pasha and Ali Kemal
Bey (both in the middle) both opposed Ottoman entry into World War I.
Paris Peace Conference
.

His second office coincided with the closure of the Ottoman Parliament under pressure from the British and French forces of occupation. Along with four other notables, he agreed to sign the Treaty of Sèvres, comprising disastrous conditions for Turkey, which caused an uproar of reaction towards him. A plan to assassinate him in early June 1920 failed when the lead conspirator Dramalı Rıza turned in his accomplices to the police, and Rıza was executed.[8]

Ferid Pasha was not one of the signatories of the Treaty itself,

Mustafa Kemal Pasha, which was centered in Ankara; Damat Ferid Pasha began to increasingly collaborate with the Allied occupation forces
.

Even after his dismissal, and the formation of a new Ottoman Government under

Nice, France, on 6 October 1923, the same day that Turkish troops recovered Constantinople, and was buried in the city of Sidon, Lebanon
.

Impressions

According to Tevfik Pasha, "he [Ferid] surpassed even the Franks [westerners] in alafrangalık" (alafrangalıkta Frenkleri bile geçmiş idi).[10]

According to an article published in the Tevhid-i Efkâr newspaper at the time of his death:

"When [Ferid] he returned from London, he became a foreigner [alafranga] and eventually an enemy of Islam. The male and female servants in his house were all Greeks. In his words, speeches, and writings, he always talked of Greek and Latin proverbs, superstitions, and mythology. (...) In short, he became completely Westernized, but he was a man with a cosmopolitan spirit, completely devoid of national feelings."[11]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971 (Turkish)
  2. ^ Ali Birinci, Hürriyet ve İtilâf Fırkası, Dergâh Yay. 1990, sf. 48-49 ve 55-64.)
  3. ^ Murat Bardakçı, Şahbaba, Pan Yay. 1998, sf. 110. Ancak başka kaynaklarda aynı anekdot 1918 Mondros Mütarekesi bağlamında ve sadrazam Ahmet İzzet Paşa'ya atfen anlatılır.
  4. ^ Gunnar Heinsohn: Lexikon der Völkermorde. Reinbek 1998. Rowohlt Verlag. p. 80 (German)
  5. United States Government Printing Office
    . Retrieved 21 January 2013
  6. ^ Armenian Genocide Survivors Remember Archived 26 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Queens Gazette. Retrieved 21 January 2013
  7. ISBN 978-0-85745-251-1
    .
  8. ^ Gingeras 2022, p. 211.
  9. ^ See the signatories in the official text of the Treaty of Sèvres.
  10. ^ İbnülemin Mahmut Kemal İnal, Son Sadrazamlar, IV.2081.
  11. ^ Son Sadrazamlar, a.g.y.

Bibliography

Gingeras, Ryan (2022). The Last Days of the Ottoman Empire. Great Britain: Penguin Random House.

ISBN 978-0-241-44432-0
.

Political offices
Preceded by
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire

4 March 1919 – 2 October 1919 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire

5 April 1920 – 21 October 1920 		Succeeded by
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