Damietta

Coordinates: 31°25′00″N 31°49′17″E / 31.41667°N 31.82139°E / 31.41667; 31.82139
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Damiat" redirects here. For the Bulgarian wine grape also known as Damiat, see Dimiat.
Damietta
  • دمياط
  • ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲁϯ
City
(From top left)
the Old Bridge, Maeini Mosque entrance, Damietta Corniche, Maeini Mosque dome, fishing in Damietta.
UTC+2 (EST)
Area code(+20) 57
Damietta's Corniche along the Nile
.
Amr ibn al-A'as Mosque (al-Fateh)
crusaders
.
A 1911 postcard: the City of Damietta on the Nile.

Damietta (

Catholic bishopric and is a multiple titular see
. It is also a member of the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities.

Etymology

The modern name of the city comes from its Coptic name Tamiati (
Ancient Egyptian
dmiiN21
Z1
(dmj, "mooring, port, town") and
t
O49
(-t), a determinative used for towns and cities, although al-Maqrizi suggested a Syriac etymology.[3]

History

Mentioned by the 6th-century geographer

Stephanus Byzantius,[4] the city was called Tamíathis (Greek: Ταμίαθις) in the Hellenistic period.[5]

Under

Tang Empire of China.[6] Damietta was an important naval base during the Abbasid, Tulunid and Fatimid periods. This led to several attacks by the Byzantine Empire, most notably the sack and destruction
of the city in May 853.

Damietta was again important in the 12th and 13th centuries during the time of the

attacked the port, but the besiegers returned home without any success to capture the port, which was defended by Saladin.[7][8]

During preparations for the Fifth Crusade in 1217, it was decided that Damietta should be the focus of attack. Control of Damietta meant control of the Nile, and from there the crusaders believed they would be able to conquer Egypt. From Egypt they could then attack Palestine and recapture Jerusalem. After the siege of Damietta of 1218–1219, the port was occupied by the Crusaders. The siege devastated the population of Damietta. After the crusaders captured Damietta in November 1219 they looted the city.[9] Earlier that year, Francis of Assisi had arrived to peaceably negotiate with the Muslim ruler.[10][11] In 1221 the Crusaders attempted to march to Cairo, but were destroyed by the combination of nature and Muslim defenses.[12]

Damietta was also the object of the Seventh Crusade, led by Louis IX of France. His fleet arrived there in 1249 and quickly captured the fort, which he refused to hand over to the nominal king of Jerusalem, to whom it had been promised during the Fifth Crusade.[13] However, having been taken prisoner with his army in April 1250, Louis was obliged to surrender Damietta as ransom.[4]

Hearing that Louis was preparing a new crusade, the

Baibars – in view of the importance of the city to the Crusaders – destroyed it in 1251 and rebuilt it with stronger fortifications a few kilometers from the river in the early 1260s, making the mouth of the Nile at Damietta impassable for ships.[4][14]

Ecclesiastical history

Hellenistic Tamiathis became a Christian

Photius. Later bishops too of Tamiathis are named in other documents.[15][16]

In 1249, when Louis IX of France captured the city, it became for a short time the seat of a Latin Church bishop.[17]

The Latin bishopric, no longer residential, is today listed by the

Melkite Catholic Churches,[18] for the Catholic Church, having been until the early 20th century an important centre for that church.[4]

Titular Latin see

The diocese was nominally restored in the 17th century when established as Latin

Latin: Tamiathis or Tomiathianus Romanorum; Italian
: Damiata in Curiate) and had the following incumbents of the intermediary archiepiscopal rank :

Demoted in 1925 as Titular bishopric, it has been vacant for decades, having had the following incumbents, all of the episcopal (lowest) rank:

  • Guglielmo Grassi (1937.01.13 – 1954.09.14)
  • Eugenio Beitia Aldazabal (1954.10.30 – 1962.01.27)
  • Marco Caliaro, Scalabrinians (C.S.) (1962.02.10 – 1962.05.23)
  • Antonio Cece (1962.08.06 – 1966.03.31)

Titular Melkite see

Established in 1900 as

Latin: Tamiathis or Tomiathianus Graecorum Melkitarum; Italian
: Damiata), it was suppressed in 1935, after a single incumbent of this episcopal (lowest) rank:

  • Titular Bishop Paul-Raphaël Abi-Mourad (1900.07.02 – 1935.08.08)

Restored in 1961 as Titular archbishopric, it has had the following incumbents of the archiepiscopal (intermediary) rank:

  • Titular Archbishop Antonio Farage (1961.03.07 – 1963.11.09)
  • Titular Archbishop Nicolas Hajj (1965.07.30 – 1984.11.03)
  • Titular Archbishop Joseph Jules Zerey (2001.06.22 – ... ),
    Jerusalem of the Greek-Melkites
    (Palestine)

Climate

wet where sleet and hail
are also common.

Ras El Bar, Baltim, Damietta and Alexandria have the least temperature variation in Egypt
.

Climate data for Damietta, Egypt
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 17.2
(63.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		19.9
(67.8) 		23.2
(73.8) 		27.3
(81.1) 		28.8
(83.8) 		29.9
(85.8) 		30.3
(86.5) 		28.9
(84.0) 		27.3
(81.1) 		23.8
(74.8) 		19.2
(66.6) 		24.5
(76.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 13.2
(55.8) 		13.8
(56.8) 		15.4
(59.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		22.2
(72.0) 		24.2
(75.6) 		25.9
(78.6) 		26.3
(79.3) 		24.8
(76.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		19.8
(67.6) 		15.2
(59.4) 		20.2
(68.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.2
(48.6) 		9.6
(49.3) 		11.0
(51.8) 		13.6
(56.5) 		17.1
(62.8) 		19.7
(67.5) 		22.0
(71.6) 		22.3
(72.1) 		20.7
(69.3) 		19.3
(66.7) 		15.8
(60.4) 		11.3
(52.3) 		16.0
(60.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 26
(1.0) 		18
(0.7) 		13
(0.5) 		5
(0.2) 		2
(0.1) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		7
(0.3) 		15
(0.6) 		25
(1.0) 		111
(4.4)
Source: climate-data.org[19]

Economy

Damietta is very famous for its furniture industry. In addition to the Egyptian market, its furniture is sold in Arab countries, Africa, Europe, the United States, and almost all over the world. Today, there is a canal connecting it to the Nile, which has made it an important port once again. Containers are transported through the new Damietta Port. The Damietta governorate has a population of about 1,093,580 (2006). It contains the SEGAS LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) plant,[20] which will ultimately have a capacity of 9.6 million ton/year through two trains. The plant is owned by Segas, a joint venture of the Spanish utility Unión Fenosa (40%), Italian oil company Eni (40%) and the Egyptian companies EGAS and EGPC (10% each).[21] The plant is unusual since it is not supplied from a dedicated field, but is supplied with gas from the Egyptian grid. As of 2010, EMethanex, the Egyptian division of Methanex Corporation, a Canadian owned company, was building a 3600 MTPD methanol plant. Damietta also has a woodworking industry and is also noted for its White Domiati cheese and other dairy products[22] and Pâtisserie and Egyptian desserts. It is also a fishing port.

Main sights

Mosques
  • Amr ibn al-As Mosque (Damietta), the second mosque to be built in Egypt and Africa by the Arabs after entering Egypt. It was twice converted to a church during the city's occupation by the Crusaders. Louis IX of France's son, John Tristan, was baptized by a legate of the pope in this mosque.
  • Al-Bahr Mosque, dating to the Ottoman rule era.
  • Al-Hadidy Mosque in Faraskour, 200 years old.
  • Al-Maainy Mosque, dating to the reign of al-Naser Mohammed ibn Qalawon.
  • Al-Matbuly Mosque, dating to the Mamluk era.
  • Al-Radwaniya Mosque, dating to the Mamluk era.
Other
Urabi fort (Tabiet Orabi) in Ezbet al-Borg
  • Tabiet Ahmed Urabi, ruins of Damietta Fort at
    Ezbet El-Borg
    .
  • The Old Bridge (el-Kōbrī el-Qadīm), dating to the early 20th century.
  • Souk al-Hesba, the old city centre, dating to the Abbasid rule era.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Egypt: Governorates, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  2. ^ "GDP BY GOVERNORATE", mped.gov.eg
  3. ^ Peust, Carsten (2010). Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten. p. 38.
  4. ^ a b c d e Siméon Vailhé, "Damietta" in The Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1908)
  5. ^ Smith, Sir William (1857). Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography. Little, Brown and Co. p. 1086. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  6. ISBN 0-87169-248-1
    .
  7. ISBN 978-0-595-34946-3
    . Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  8. ISBN 978-1-4426-0060-7
    . Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  9. ISBN 978-0-85115-357-5
    .
  10. ISBN 978-0-85115-357-5
    . Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  11. ISBN 978-1-56548-112-1
    . Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  12. ISBN 978-1-57958-282-1
    . Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  13. ^ Russell, William (1837). The History of Modern Europe: with an Account of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: And a View of the Progress of Society from the Rise of the Modern Kingdoms to the Peace of Paris, in 1763; in a Series of Letters from a Nobleman to His Son. Longman, Rees, & Company. p. 280. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  14. ISBN 978-90-04-08265-6
    . Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  15. ^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 589-592
  16. ^ Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico ecclesiastica, Vol. 72 (Venice 1855), p. 236
  17. ^ MESSYNESSY (15 March 2019). "Paris or Egypt? 100 Years Ago, It Was Hard to Tell the Difference". Messy Nessy Cabinet of Chic Curiosities. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  18. ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1
    ), p. 879
  19. ^ "Climate: Dumiat - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". climate-data.org. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
  20. ^ MEED. Economic East Economic Digest, Limited. April 2008. p. 187. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  21. ^ The Petroleum Economist. Petroleum Press Bureau. 2008. p. 20. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
  22. ^ "Halayeb". eArabic Market. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  23. ^ "Islamic Medical Manuscripts: Bio-Bibliographies - B, C, and D". nih.gov.

External links

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