Danaus

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Danaus
ChildrenAutomate, Autonoe, Bryce, Celaeno, Isonoe, Cleopatra, Euippe, Eurydice, Gorgophone, Anthelea, Chrysippe, Stygne, Adiante, Clite, Sthenele, Hyperippe, Phartis, Callidice, Oeme, Scaea, Electra, Theano, Glaucippe, Cleopatra, Cleodore, Erato, Dioxippe, Actaea, Podarce, Pylarge, Adite, Ocypete, Hippodamia, Gorge, Iphimedusa, Pirene, Glauce, Hippodamia, Rhodia, Rhode, Nelo, Mnestra, Evippe, Phylodameia, Polydora, Agave, Hippomedusa, Asteria, Hypermnestra, Amymone, Anaxibie, Side daughter of Danaus Edit this on Wikidata
Parent(s)
FamilyAegyptus Edit this on Wikidata

In

Argives" commonly designate the Greek forces opposed to the Trojans
.

Family

Parents and siblings

Danaus, was the son of King

Cepheus, King of Ethiopia and Phineus, betrothed of Andromeda
.

Danaides

Danaus had fifty daughters, the

Hippostratus, Danaus had all these progenies begotten by Europa, the daughter of Nilus.[5] In some accounts, Danaus married Melia while Aegyptus consorted with Isaie,[6] these two women were daughters of their uncle Agenor, King of Tyre, and their possible sister, Damno who was described as the daughter of Belus.[7]

Mythology

Flight from Aegyptus

After Aegyptus commanded that his fifty sons should marry the Danaides, Danaus elected to flee instead. To that purpose, he built a ship on the advice of Athena,[8] the first ship that ever was.[9] In it, he fled to Argos, to which he was connected by his descent from Io, a priestess of Hera at Argos, who was wooed by Zeus and turned into a heifer and pursued by Hera until she found asylum in Egypt. Argos at the time was ruled by King Pelasgus, the eponym of all autochthonous [indigenous] inhabitants who had lived in Greece since the beginning, also called Gelanor ("he who laughs"). The Danaides asked Pelasgus for protection when they arrived, the event portrayed in The Suppliants by Aeschylus. Protection was granted after a vote by the Argives.

When Pausanias visited Argos in the 2nd century CE, he related the succession of Danaus to the throne, judged by the Argives, who "from the earliest times ... have loved freedom and self-government, and they limited to the utmost the authority of their kings":

"On coming to Argos he claimed the kingdom against Gelanor, the son of Sthenelas. Many plausible arguments were brought forward by both parties, and those of Sthenelas were considered as fair as those of his opponent; so the people, who were sitting in judgment, put off, they say, the decision to the following day. At dawn a wolf fell upon a herd of oxen that was pasturing before the wall, and attacked and fought with the bull that was the leader of the herd. It occurred to the Argives that Gelanor was like the bull and Danaus like the wolf, for as the wolf will not live with men, so Danaus up to that time had not lived with them. It was because the wolf overcame the bull that Danaus won the kingdom. Accordingly, believing that Apollo had brought the wolf on the herd, he founded a sanctuary of Apollo Lycius."[10]

The sanctuary of Apollo Lykeios ("wolf-Apollo", but also Apollo of the twilight) was still the most prominent feature of Argos in Pausanias' time: in the sanctuary, the tourist might see the throne of Danaus himself, an eternal flame, called the fire of Phoroneus.

Murdered bridegrooms

The Danaides kill their husbands, miniature by Robinet Testard.

When Aegyptus and his fifty sons arrived to take the Danaides, Danaus gave them to spare the

Lynceus, honored her wish to remain a virgin. Danaus was angry with his disobedient daughter and threw her to the Argive courts. Aphrodite intervened and saved her. Lynceus and Hypermnestra then began a dynasty of Argive kings (the Danaid Dynasty).[12] Some sources relate that Amymone, the "blameless" Danaid,[13] and/or Bryce (Bebryce)[14]
also spared their husbands.

Aftermath

After his sons' deaths, Aegyptus escaped to Aroe in Greece and died there. His monument was shown in the temple of

In some versions, Lynceus later killed Danaus as revenge for the death of his brothers.

The remaining forty-nine Danaides had their grooms chosen by a common mythic competition: A foot-race was held, and the order in which the potential Argive grooms finished decided their brides (compare the myth of Atalanta). Two of the grooms were Archander and Architeles, sons of Achaeus: They married Scaea and Automate, respectively.[16]

In later accounts, the Danaides were punished in Tartarus by being forced to carry water in a jug to fill a bath without a bottom (or with a leak) and thereby wash off their sins, but the bath was never filled because the water was always leaking out.[17][18]

Danaus in Rhodes

Another account of the travels of Danaus gave him three daughters,

Kamiros and Lindos, who were worshipped in the cities that took their names in the island of Rhodes, Ialysos, Kamiros and Lindos (but see also Cercaphus). According to Rhodian mythographers who informed Diodorus Siculus,[19] Danaus would have stopped and founded a sanctuary to Athena Lindia on the way from Egypt to Greece.[8] Herodotus heard that Danaus' daughters founded the temple at Lindos.[20] Ken Dowden observes[21] that once the idea is dismissed that myth is directly narrating the movements of historical persons, that the loci of Danaian institutions at Lindos in Rhodes as well as at Argos suggest a Mycenaean colony sent to Rhodes from the Argolid, a tradition, in fact, that Strabo
reports.

Other feats

Danaus was credited as the inventor of wells and is said to have migrated from Egypt about 1485 B.C. into that part of Greece previously known as Argos Dipsion. Notes in

Natural History
also added that:

"He [i.e., Danaus] may have introduced wells into Greece, but they had, long before his time, been employed in Egypt and in other countries. The term "Dipsion," "thirsting," which it appears had been applied to the district of Argos, may seem to render it probable, that, before the arrival of Danaus, the inhabitants had not adopted any artificial means of supplying themselves with water. But this country, we are told, is naturally well supplied with water."

The town

ancient Argolis took its name from Danaus landing at this spot.[22]

The Danais

The

as "Danaides".

A U.S. federal judge used the version of the legend in which the Danaides are forced to perform an impossible task as a simile for the judge's task of determining whether a case "arises under" the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.[26]

Argive genealogy

Argive genealogy in Greek mythology
InachusMelia
ZeusIoPhoroneus
EpaphusMemphis
LibyaPoseidon
BelusAchiroëAgenorTelephassa
DanausElephantisAegyptusCadmusCilixEuropaPhoenix
MantineusHypermnestraLynceusHarmoniaZeus
Polydorus
Agave
SarpedonRhadamanthus
Autonoë
EurydiceAcrisiusInoMinos
ZeusDanaëSemeleZeus
PerseusDionysus
Colour key:

  Male
  Female
  Deity

Notes

  1. ^ "Danaos" Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
  2. .
  3. ^ Malalas, Chronographia 2.30
  4. ^ Apollodorus, 2.1.5
  5. ^ Tzetzes, Chiliades 7.37, p. 370–371
  6. ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica Notes on Book 3.1689
  7. FGrHist
    3 F 21 = Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 3.1177-87 ff.
  8. ^ a b Apollodorus, 2.1.4
  9. Naturalis Historia
    7.191 & 206
  10. ^ Pausanias, 2.19.3-4
  11. Lernaean hydra; compare the heads ritually buried in marshlands in northern Europe: see Bog body
    .
  12. Hyginus
    , Fabulae 168; Pausanias, 2.19.6 & 2.20.5
  13. ^ Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 9.200
  14. ^ Eustathius on Dionysius Periegetes, 805
  15. ^ Pausanias, 7.21.13
  16. ^ Pindar, Pythian Ode 9.117; Pausanias, 7.1.6.
  17. Servius on Virgil, Aeneid
    10.497
  18. DANIDA
    in the last minute when this unfortunate connotation was discovered.
  19. ^ Diodorus Siculus, 5.58; Strabo, 14.2.6
  20. ^ Herodotus, 2.182
  21. ^ Dowden, The Uses of Greek Mythology 1992:64
  22. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Apobathmi
  23. ^ Danais is also a genus of butterfly, lepidopterists being prone to supplying classical names for butterflies.
  24. ^ A later poet quoted two lines.
  25. ^ W. McLeod, "The "Epic Canon" of the Borgia Table: Hellenistic Lore or Roman Fraud?" Transactions of the American Philological Association 115 (1985:161f).
  26. ^ For instance, Stone & Webster Engineering Corp. v. Isley, 690 F.2d 323, 328 n. 4 (2d Cir. 1982); NUI Corp. v. Kimmelman, 593 F.Supp. 1457, 1464 (D. N.J. 1984).

References

External links

  • Media related to Danaides at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of Δαναός at Wiktionary
Regnal titles
Preceded by
King of Argos
Succeeded by
Lynceus
This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article: Danaus. Articles is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license; additional terms may apply.Privacy Policy