Danian

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For the villages in Iran, see Danian, Iran.
Danian
66.0 – 61.6 Ma
↓
Chronology

The Danian is the oldest

age or lowest stage of the Paleocene Epoch or Series, of the Paleogene Period or System, and of the Cenozoic Era or Erathem. The beginning of the Danian (and the end of the preceding Maastrichtian) is at the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 Ma. The age ended 61.6 Ma, being followed by the Selandian.[5]

Stratigraphic definitions

Artist impression of what a Patagonian landscape might have looked like in the Danian.

The Danian was introduced in scientific literature by

junior synonym and is no longer in use.[7]

The base of the Danian is defined at the

foraminiferans
repopulated the Paleocene seas after the Cretaceous mass extinction (Olsson et al., 1996). The first replacement foraminiferan of the Paleogene is the Globigerina eugubina, which is used to define the base of the Danian Age (Stainforth et al., 1975). This foraminiferan replaced the Cretaceous genus Globotruncana.

The top of the Danian Stage (the base of the Selandian) is close to the boundary between

nanoplankton
species Neochiastozygus perfectus.

The Danian Stage overlaps the

Asian land mammal ages. It includes the oldest Mammal Paleogene zones, all included in the 1 - 5 group.[9]

Paleontology

Though the non-avian

modern birds also survived, particularly in the area around Australia but also elsewhere, e.g. Scaniornis of the North Sea region. The oceans remained much the same as the Late Cretaceous seas, only that there was less life, few remaining marine reptiles (mostly turtles, choristodera and crocodiles
), and other lesser-known animals.

There are

ammonites (mainly of the Scaphitidae class in Turkmenistan)[10] still being around at this time, although they did not survive the Danian age.[11]

Latest Danian Event

Close to the end of the Danian, around 62.2 Ma, occurred a hyperthermal, similar to but smaller in magnitude compared to the more famous

Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM),[12] known as the Latest Danian Event (LDE).[13] The event, which took place over a 170-230 kyr time interval,[14] is evidenced in the geologic record by two negative carbon isotope excursions and is believed to have led to a 2–3 °C (3.6–5.4 °F) warming of both deep and surface seawater.[15] This hyperthermal also led to a shallowing of the oceanic lysocline, as evidenced by the significant decrease in calcium carbonate preservation.[13]

References

  1. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001
    .
  2. ^ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy.
  3. ^
    doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2006/v29i4/004
    .
  4. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2011/v34i4/002
    .
  5. ^ International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017
  6. ^ a b Danien, Den Store Danske Encyklopædi
  7. ^ De Geyter G.; De Man E.; Herman J.; Jacobs P.; Moorkens T.; Steurbat E.; Vandenberghe N. (2006). "Disused Paleogene regional stages from Belgium: Montian, Heersian, Landenian, Paniselian, Bruxellian, Laekenian, Ledian, Wemmelian and Tongrian". Geologica Belgica. 9 (1–2): 203–213.
  8. ^ The GSSP for the Danian Stage was established by Molina et al. (2006)
  9. ^ Alroy, John. "Mammal Paleogene zones". Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  10. ^ "†family Scaphitidae Gill 1871 (ammonite)". PBDB.
  11. ^ Squid Empire: The Rise and Fall of the Cephalopods by Danna Staaf
  12. S2CID 55038043. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  13. ^
    S2CID 134929774
    . Retrieved 6 November 2022.
  14. PMID 26606656
    .
  15. S2CID 231981891
    . Retrieved 26 November 2022.

Literature

Wikisource has original works on the topic: Cenozoic#Paleogene

External links
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