Daniel I. Arnon
Daniel Israel Arnon | |
---|---|
Born | Warsaw, Poland | November 14, 1910
Died | December 20, 1994 | (aged 84)
Alma mater | University of California, Berkeley |
Known for | Photophosphorylation, Plant nutrition, Molybdenum, Vanadium, Hoagland solution |
Awards | The Arnon Lecture (2000) National Medal of Science (1973) Nobel Prize (1967, nominated) Stephen Hales Prize (1966) Newcomb Cleveland Prize (1940) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Plant physiology |
Institutions | University of California, Berkeley |
Doctoral advisor | Dennis Robert Hoagland |
Daniel Israel Arnon (November 14, 1910 – December 20, 1994)
In the first part of his professional career, the so-called "Plant Nutrition Years (1936-1950)", Arnon and collaborators discovered the essentiality of molybdenum for the growth of all plants and of vanadium for the growth of green algae. In the second one, the so-called "Photosynthesis Period (1951-1978)", plant micronutrient work led him to photosynthesis.[2]
In 1954, Arnon, Mary Belle Allen and Frederick Robert Whatley discovered photophosphorylation in vitro.[2] In 1967, he was nominated jointly with Allen and Whatley for a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[3]
Early life and education
Arnon was born on November 14, 1910, in
Career
Arnon enrolled as a student in the University of California from Poland, and would spend his entire professional career at the university, until his retirement in 1978.[2] He earned his bachelor's degree in 1932 and his Ph.D. in plant physiology in 1936 at UC Berkeley under the supervision of Dennis R. Hoagland.[4][5]
Some of Arnon's earliest research focused on growing plants in nutrient-enriched water rather than soil.[6] Together with his supervisor, he further developed the Hoagland solution which was published in modified form as Hoagland's solution (1, 2) in 1938.[7] After Hoagland's death, it was further revised by Arnon in 1950.[8] Arnon became an assistant professor at the University of California in 1941.[9]
During
After returning from military service in 1946, Arnon became an associate professor of
In the 1950s, Arnon performed research with
Arnon served as president of the
Awards
In 1940, together with Dennis Hoagland, Arnon received the AAAS Newcomb Cleveland Prize for the work "Availability of Nutrients with Special Reference to Physiological Aspects".[16]
In 1961, Arnon was elected to the National Academy of Sciences,[17] in 1962 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,[18] and in 1974 to the Leopoldina.[19]
In 1966, he received the Stephen Hales Prize,[20] and in 1967, he was nominated jointly with Mary Belle Allen and Frederick Robert Whatley for a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[3]
In 1973, he was awarded the National Medal of Science for "his fundamental research into the mechanism of green plant utilization of light to produce chemical energy and oxygen and for contributions to our understanding of plant nutrition."[4]
The Arnon Lecture has been held annually at UC Berkeley since 2000 in early March in honour of the late Professor Daniel I. Arnon. Speakers have made significant contributions to photosynthesis or a related field and are selected by the Arnon Lecture Committee.[21]
Family
A resident of Kensington, California, Arnon died at age 84 on December 20, 1994, in Berkeley, California, of complications resulting from cardiac arrest. He had three daughters and two sons. His wife, the former Lucile Soulé, died in 1986.[4]
References
- ISBN 0-8379-0225-8.
- ^ a b c d e f Buchanan, Bob B. (2001). "Daniel I. Arnon: November 14, 1910 — December 20, 1994". Biographical Memoirs (PDF). Vol. 80. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. pp. 3–20. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
- ^ a b "The Noble Prize Nomination Archive". The Noble Prize. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Sullivan, Walter (December 23, 1994). "Daniel Arnon, 84, Researcher And Expert on Photosynthesis". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
- ^ "Chemistry Tree - Dennis R. Hoagland". Retrieved 26 January 2023.
- JSTOR 2436754.
- OCLC 12406778.
- ^ Hoagland & Arnon (1950). The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. (Circular (California Agricultural Experiment Station), 347. ed.). Berkeley, Calif. : University of California, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station. (Revision). Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ ISBN 978-94-017-9582-1. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
- ^ Laurence, William L. (December 30, 1954). "Sun is harnessed to create food; Science Team on the Coast Duplicates Photosynthesis Outside Plants' Cells". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-4020-3323-0.
- ISSN 0002-7863.
- ISSN 0002-7863.
- PMID 13510247.
- ISSN 0066-4294.
- ^ "Newcomb Cleveland Prize Recipients". American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ "Daniel I. Arnon". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ "Daniel Israel Arnon". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ "Daniel Arnon". Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina e. V. – German National Academy of Sciences –. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ^ "Stephen Hales Prize". American Society of Plant Biologists. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- ^ "The Arnon Lecture". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 14 October 2021.