Daniel Solander

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Not to be confused with Daniel Rolander.
"Sol." redirects here. For other uses, see Sol.

Daniel Solander
Swedish
Alma materUppsala University
Scientific career
FieldsBotany
Zoology
Author abbrev. (botany)Sol.

Daniel Carlsson Solander or Daniel Charles Solander (19 February 1733 – 13 May 1782) was a

naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus.[1]
Solander was the first university-educated scientist to set foot on Australian soil.

Biography

Solander was born in Piteå, Norrbotten, Sweden, to Rev. Carl Solander[1] a Lutheran principal, and Magdalena (née Bostadia).[1] Solander enrolled at Uppsala University in July 1750 and initially studied languages, the humanities and law. The professor of botany was the celebrated Carl Linnaeus, who was soon impressed by young Solander's ability and accordingly persuaded his father to let him study natural history. Solander travelled to England in June 1760 to promote the new Linnean system of classification. In February 1763, he began cataloguing the natural history collections of the British Museum, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in June the following year.[2]

In 1768, Solander gained leave of absence from the British Museum and with his assistant

Endeavour. They were the botanists who inspired the name Botanist Bay (which later became Botany Bay) for the first landing place of Cook's expedition in Australia. Solander helped make and describe an important collection of Australian plants while the Endeavour was beached at the site of present-day Cooktown for nearly seven weeks, after being damaged on the Great Barrier Reef. These collections later formed the basis of Banks' Florilegium
.

Dr Daniel SolanderSir Joseph BanksCaptain James CookDr John HawkesworthEarl of Sandwichuse button to expand image
Dr Daniel Solander, Sir Joseph Banks, Captain James Cook, Dr John Hawkesworth and Lord Sandwich by John Hamilton Mortimer, 1771.[3] Use a cursor to see who is who.[4]

Solander also wrote a manuscript describing all the species collected from New Zealand during the six months the 1768 expedition spent there. It was called Primitiae Florae Novae Zelandiae ('beginnings of a New Zealand flora'),[5] and was to be illustrated with the plates prepared by Banks. It was never published, but it was available for study by anyone interested, first at Banks' London home, then at the Natural History section of the British Museum.[6]

Solander's return to Britain with Cook and Banks made him the first Swede to circumnavigate the globe.

On their return in 1771, Solander resumed his duties at the British Museum but also collaborated with Banks on the Florilegium. In 1772, he accompanied Banks on his voyage to

Orkney Islands. Between 1773 and 1782 he was Keeper of the Natural History Department of the British Museum. In 1773, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
.

Solander's grave in Brookwood Cemetery

Solander died at Banks' home in Soho Square of a

brain hemorrhage.[7] He is buried in the Swedish Section at Brookwood Cemetery
.

Legacy

Solander, by John Flaxman Jr, c. 1778, Wedgwood jasperware

Solander's reputation has been profoundly influenced by his limited number of publications and his premature death. Although he had detailed descriptions prepared for most of the botanical specimens he collected on the Endeavour voyage, in deference to Joseph Banks, Solander held off publication waiting for the completion of over 700 engravings. However, after Solander's death, Banks, now President of the Royal Society, failed to publish his projected Florilegium. Had he done so, he would have secured Solander's posthumous reputation. It has been claimed that Banks treated Solander, and

Robert Brown was more formal.[8]

Solander invented the book-form box known as the Solander box which is still used in libraries and archives as the most suitable way of storing prints, drawings, herbarium materials and some manuscripts.

Solander Gardens in the east end of London is named after him, as are the

Fuscospora solandri (black beech). Solander was associated with Banks in Illustrations of the Botany of Captain Cook's Voyage Round the World, and his The Natural History of Many Curious and Uncommon Zoophytes, Collected by the late John Ellis, (1786) was published posthumously. The 'Daniel Solander Library' in Sydney's Royal Botanic Garden, established in 1852, is the oldest botanical research library in Australia.[11]

The scientific name of the

Providence Petrel, Pterodroma solandri, was given in his honour by ornithologist John Gould
.

The shrub Banksia solandri is named after him.

In Solander's birth town Piteå, the Solander Science Park houses a number of

cleantech companies and research organizations.[12]

The standard author abbreviation Sol. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[13]

Solander Street in Pelican Waters (a suburb in the Sunshine Coast of south-east Queensland, Australia) is one of several nearby streets with names linked to the round-the-world voyage of Captain James Cook that landed at Botany Bay in 1770.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Gilbert, L. A. (1967). "Solander, Daniel (1733 - 1782)".
    ISSN 1833-7538
    . Retrieved 25 February 2010.
  2. ^ "Fellow Details". The Royal Society. 2019. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  3. ^ Digital Collection, National Library of Australia
  4. ^ Catalogue, National Library of Australia, accessed February 2010
  5. ^ "Primitiae Florae Novae Zelandiae [First Fruits of the Flora of New Zealand]". Celebrating Botany (1924-2014). University of Otago. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  6. ^ "Topic: Banks' Florilegium". Museum of New Zealand: Te Papa Tongarewa. Museum of New Zealand. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  7. ISBN 1860942040
    .
  8. ISBN 0-7316-8463-X
    .
  9. ^ Maher, Louise (7 September 2017). "18th-century naturalist Daniel Solander honoured with new garden at Swedish embassy". ABC News. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  10. ^ Osterloff, Emily. "Daniel Solander: a Linnaean disciple on HMS Endeavour". Natural History Museum. Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  11. ^ "Daniel Solander Library". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  12. ^ "Solander Science Park website". Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  13. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Sol.

Further reading

External links

Wikisource has original works by or about:
Daniel Solander


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