Ali al-Hujwiri
Ali al-Hujwiri (ابوالحسن علی بن عثمان الجلابی الھجویری الغزنوی) | |
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Mystic, Theologian, Codifier, Jurist; Lion of Sufism | |
Born | c. 14 August 1009 Ghaznavid Empire (now Ghazni, Afghanistan) |
Died | c. 8 August 1072 CE (20 Dhuʻl-Qiʻdah, 464 AH) Lahore, Ghaznavid Empire (now Lahore, |
Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
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Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. ʿUthmān b. ʿAlī al-Ghaznawī al-Jullābī al-Hujwīrī (c. 1009-1072/77), known as ʿAlī al-Hujwīrī or al-Hujwīrī (also spelt Hajweri, Hajveri, or Hajvery) for short, or reverentially as Shaykh Sayyid ʿAlī al-Hujwīrī or as Dātā Ganj Bakhsh by
In the present day, Ali Hujwiri is venerated as the main
Background
Of Iranian ancestry,[11] Ali Hujwiri was born in Ghazni, in present-day Afghanistan, in around 1009 to Uthman ibn Ali or Bu Ali. As is common with Sufi saints, his father was a direct descendant of Al-Imam Hasan ibn Ali. His genealogical chain goes back eight generations to Ali.[12][13] According to the autobiographical information recorded in his own Kashf al-maḥjūb, it is evident that Ali Hujwiri travelled "widely through the
Spiritual Lineage
- Habib Al-Ajami
- Daawūd al-Tai
- Maruf Karkhi
- Sirri Saqti
- Junayd al-Baghdadi
- Abu Bakr Shibli
- Ali Husri Husri
- AbulFazal Khutli
- Ali Hujwiri
Views
Companions of Muhammad
Abu Bakr
Ali Hujwiri described the
Umar
Ali Hujwiri described the
Uthman
Regarding the third of the
Ali
With respect to the
Family of Muḥammad (صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم)
Hasan
Regarding the grandson of Muhammad and son of Ali, Hasan ibn Ali (d. 670), Ali Hujwiri described him as one "profoundly versed in [spiritual truths]" and as one of "the true saints and shaykhs" of the Islamic community.[23]
Husayn
With respect to the younger grandson of Muhammad and son of Ali, Husayn ibn Ali (d. 680), Ali Hujwiri emphatically declared: "He is the martyr of Karbala and all Sufis are agreed that he was in the right. So long as the Truth was apparent, he followed it; but when it was lost, he drew the sword and never rested until he sacrificed his dear life for God's sake."[23]
Jafar al-Sadiq
Ali Hujwiri described
Muhammad al-Baqir
Regarding the grandson of
Zayn al-Abidin
Ali Hujwiri praised
Doctors of law
Abu Hanifa
Regarding
Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Regarding
Law and jurisprudence
As a
Dancing
According to Ali Hujwiri, purely secular
Poetry
Ali Hujwiri deemed it lawful to listen to virtuous
Saints
Ali Hujwiri supported the orthodox belief in the existence of
Works
Kashf al-maḥjūb
Ali Hujwiri is perhaps most famous for writing what has been described as "the earliest formal treatise on Ṣūfism in Persian," Egyptian Sufi scholar Abul Azaem has translated this work into Arabic.
Other works
- Dīwān (Songs of Hujwirī), a collection of the saint's poems.[35]
- Minhāj al-Dīn (The Way of the Religion), a work containing: (i) a detailed account of those Mansur al-Hallaj (d. 922).[35]
- Asrār al-khiraq wa 'l-ma'ūnāt', a work on the woolen, patched garments worn by the Sufis of his time.[36]
- An untitled work explaining the meaning behind the mystical sayings of Mansur al-Hallaj.[36]
- Kitāb al-bayān li-ahl al-'iyān, a treatise on the orthodox interpretation of the Sufic ideal of Fana.[36]
Of other books written by Sheikh Ali Hujwiri:
- Kashf al-Asrār, a short Persian treatise on how to fully adopt the path of Tasawwuf, translated with in-depth commentary by El-Sheikh Syed Mubarik Ali Shah El-Gillani.
See also
References
- ^ a b Marcia Hermansen, "Ali ibn Uthman al-Hujwiri," in Holy People of the World: A Cross Cultural Encyclopedia, ed. Phyllis G. Jestice (ABC-CLIO, 2004), p. 381
- ^ a b Hosain, Hidayet and Massé, H., "Hud̲j̲wīrī", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs: "Although he was a Sunni and a Hanafi...".
- ^ a b Strothmann, Linus, "Dātā Ganj Bakhsh, Shrine of", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson: "Al-Hujwīrī followed the Ḥanafī school and is connected through his teacher, al-Khuttalī, to al-Husrī, al-Shiblī (d. 334/945), and al-Junayd (d. 297/910) of Baghdad (Knysh, 133)."
- ^ Hosain, Hidayet and Massé, H., "Hud̲j̲wīrī", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs: "Iranian mystic, born at Hud̲j̲wīr, a suburb of G̲h̲azna... Although he was a Sunni and a Hanafi...".
- ^ a b c d e f g Strothmann, Linus, "Dātā Ganj Bakhsh, Shrine of", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson.
- ^ Pilgrims of Love: The Anthropology of a Global Sufi Cult; Pnina Werbner, p. 4, Published 2003, C. Hurst & Co.
- Dawate Islami. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d Hosain, Hidayet and Massé, H., "Hud̲j̲wīrī", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.
- S2CID 170287582.
- ^ "Data Sahib Urs: Lahore district govt declares public holiday on Nov 21". 19 November 2016.
- ^ Hosain, Hidayet and Massé, H., "Hud̲j̲wīrī", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs: "Iranian mystic, born at Hud̲j̲wīr, a suburb of G̲h̲azna... Although he was a Sunni and a Hanafi...".
- ^ Hasan, Masudul, Hazrat Data Ganj Bakhsh: a spiritual biographyʾ (1971)
- ^ Alī al-Hujwīrī, Kashf al-maḥjūb, trans. Reynold A. Nicholson, Leiden 1911, intro
- ^ a b Strothmann, Linus, "Dātā Ganj Bakhsh, Shrine of", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson; see also ʿAlī al-Hujwīrī, Kashf al-maḥjūb, trans. Reynold A. Nicholson, Leiden 1911, intro.
- ^ Alexander D. Knysh, Islamic mysticism. A short history (Leiden 2000), p. 133
- ^ a b c d Hosain, Hidayet and Massé, H., "Hud̲j̲wīrī", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs
- ^ a b Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 31
- ^ Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 32 (trans. slightly altered)
- ^ Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 70
- ^ a b c Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 72
- ^ Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 73
- ^ a b c Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 74
- ^ a b c Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 76
- ^ Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 78
- ^ Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 77
- ^ Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 92
- ^ Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), pp. 117-118
- ^ a b Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 383
- ^ See Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 383
- ^ a b c d Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 416
- ^ a b See Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 397
- ^ a b See Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 398
- ^ a b See Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 210
- ^ See Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. 212
- ^ a b Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. vii
- ^ a b c Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. R. A. Nicholson (Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007), p. viii