David Cushing
David Henry Cushing | |
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Born | CEFAS ICES | 14 March 1920
David Henry Cushing
Early life
Cushing was born in Alnwick, England. His father was an English teacher and his mother was a nurse. By way of his own desire to be a naturalist, his father's desire for him to become a diplomat, and his mother's desire for him to become a doctor, Cushing found a great interest in fisheries biology and management. Cushing also served in the British military in the Royal Artillery (1940–1945) and the Royal Fusiliers (1945–1946). Cushing is survived by his wife, Diana Antona-Traversi, whom he married in 1943, and his daughter.[2][3]
Career
Cushing received his lower education from Duke's School (Alnwick) and the Royal Grammar School (Newcastle upon Tyne) and received his PhD in 1950 from Balliol College at Oxford University. His PhD dissertation focused on the vertical migration of zooplankton.[4]
After receiving his PhD, Cushing worked primarily for government organisations that oversaw the fisheries in Great Britain. For most of his career (1946–1980), he worked for the Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS). At CEFAS, he held the positions of scientific officer, deputy director, and as the head of fish population dynamics. His last position allowed him to focus primarily on factors influencing the stock dynamics of local fisheries and the management strategies those fisheries open.[4]
Cushing, although not directly employed by, worked closely with the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). At ICES, Cushing held positions on advisory committees for fisheries management and marine pollution. He also chaired the biological committee and was the head of the herring workgroup.[4]
The most prestigious position that Cushing held was that of the founding editor of the Journal of Plankton Research, which he held from 1979 to 2001.[4]
Contributions to fish population ecology
Acoustic fish detection
Acoustics were greatly improved upon during World War II so as to be used as a tool to detect unfriendly vessels and underwater hazards. After the war,
Match/mismatch hypothesis
The
The match/mismatch hypothesis is featured in many of Cushing's writings, however the most influential purpose of the hypothesis is that of awareness of
Publications
- Marine Ecology and Fisheries (Cambridge University Press, 1970)
- Plankton production and year-class strength in fish populations: an update of the match/mismatch hypothesis (1990) in Advances in Marine Biology
- Climate and Fisheries (Academic Press New York, 1982)
- Thiel, H. (1997). "David H. Cushing: Towards a Science of Recruitment in Fish Populations. Excellence in Ecology7, Ed. O. Kinne Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe 175 pp., 71 Figures, 6 Tables". Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie. 82 (4): 563. ISSN 0932-2205.
- Cushing, D. H.; Edwards, R. W. (1996). "Raymond John Heaphy Beverton, C. B. E. 29 August 1922 – 23 July 1995". .
- Beverton, R. J. H.; Cushing, D. H. (1992). "John Alan Gulland. 16 September 1926 – 24 June 1990". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 38: 164. .
- Cushing, D. (2005). "Reginald Dawson Preston. 21 July 1908 – 3 May 2000: Elected F.R.S. 1954". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 51: 347. .
- The Provident Sea (Cambridge University Press, 1988)
- Population Production and Regulation in the Sea: a Fisheries Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 1995)
References
- .
- ^ David Cushing: Sea fisheries ecologist who brought scientific rigour to understanding the inscrutable life cycle of the North Sea herring The Times, 27 March 2008
- ^ David Cushing: Marine fisheries ecologist The Independent, 11 April 2008
- ^ .
- ^ Cushing, DH (1973) The detection of fish. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
- ^ Cushing, DH (1990) Plankton production and year-class strength in fish populations: an update of the match/mismatch hypothesis in Advances in Marine Biology (eds) JHS Blaxter and AJ Southward. Academic Press Limited, San Diego, CA. pgs: 250–313.
- ^ Cushing, DH (1981) Fisheries biology: a study in population dynamics. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin.
- ^ Cushing, DH (1992) Climate and Fisheries. Academic Press, London, UK.
- ^ Cushing, DH (1995) Population, production, and regulation in the sea. Cambridge University Press, New York.