David Lynch

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the American director. For other people named David Lynch, see David Lynch (disambiguation).

David Lynch
Lynch in 2017 at the Cannes Film Festival.
Lynch in 2017
Born
David Keith Lynch

(1946-01-20) January 20, 1946 (age 78)
Missoula, Montana, U.S.
Other namesJudas Booth
Education
Occupations
  • Filmmaker
  • painter
  • visual artist
  • musician
  • actor
Years active1967–present
Notable work
Spouses
  • Peggy Lentz
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1968; div. 1974)​
  • Mary Fisk
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1977; div. 1987)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 2006; div. 2007)​
  • Emily Stofle
    ​
    ​
    (m. 2009; sep. 2023)​
Partner(s)
Children4, including Jennifer
Signature
David Lynch
This article is part of
a series on
David Lynch

David Keith Lynch (born January 20, 1946) is an American filmmaker, painter, visual artist, musician, actor

surrealist, dreamlike qualities. He has received numerous accolades, including the Golden Lion in 2006 and an Honorary Academy Award in 2019.[2] In 2007, a panel of critics convened by The Guardian announced that "after all the discussion, no one could fault the conclusion that David Lynch is the most important film-maker of the current era."[3]

Lynch studied painting before he began making short films in the late 1960s. His first feature-length film was

Twin Peaks: The Return (2017).[5]
He also portrayed Gordon Cole in the Twin Peaks projects.

Lynch's other artistic endeavors include his work as a musician, encompassing the studio albums

Yves Saint Laurent, Gucci, and the New York City Department of Sanitation. A practitioner of Transcendental Meditation (TM), he founded the David Lynch Foundation, which seeks to fund the teaching of TM in schools and has since widened its scope to other at-risk populations, including the homeless, veterans, and refugees in 2005.[9][10]

Early life

Main article: Early life of David Lynch

My childhood was elegant homes, tree-lined streets, the milkman, building backyard forts, droning airplanes, blue skies, picket fences, green grass, cherry trees.

red ants
crawling all over it. I discovered that if one looks a little closer at this beautiful world, there are always red ants underneath. Because I grew up in a perfect world, other things were a contrast.

[11]: 10–11 

David Keith Lynch was born in

Presbyterian.[13][14] The Lynches often moved around according to where the USDA assigned Donald. Because of this, Lynch moved with his parents to Sandpoint, Idaho, when he was two months old; two years later, after his brother John was born, the family moved to Spokane, Washington. Lynch's sister Martha was born there. The family then moved to Durham, North Carolina, Boise, Idaho, and Alexandria, Virginia.[11]: 1  Lynch adjusted to this transitory early life with relative ease, noting that he usually had no issue making new friends whenever he started attending a new school.[11]
: 2–3  Of his early life, he remarked:

I found the world completely and totally fantastic as a child. Of course, I had the usual fears, like going to school ... for me, back then, school was a crime against young people. It destroyed the seeds of liberty. The teachers didn't encourage knowledge or a positive attitude.[11]: 14 

1964 high school senior photo portrait of Lynch in a suit
Lynch's high school senior portrait, 1964

Alongside his schooling, Lynch joined the

Eagle Scout. As an Eagle Scout, he was present with other Boy Scouts outside the White House at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy, which took place on Lynch's 15th birthday.[11]: 5  Lynch was also interested in painting and drawing from an early age, and became intrigued by the idea of pursuing it as a career path when living in Virginia, where his friend's father was a professional painter.[11]
: 8–9 

At

School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, where he was roommates with musician Peter Wolf.[15][16] He left after only a year, saying, "I was not inspired AT ALL in that place." He instead decided that he wanted to travel around Europe for three years with his friend Jack Fisk, who was similarly unhappy with his studies at Cooper Union. They had some hopes that they could train in Europe with Austrian expressionist painter Oskar Kokoschka at his school. Upon reaching Salzburg, however, they found that Kokoschka was not available; disillusioned, they returned to the United States after spending only two weeks in Europe.[11]
: 31–34 

Career

1967–1976: Short films and Eraserhead

Back in the United States, Lynch returned to Virginia, but since his parents had moved to

Fairmount
neighborhood, where they bought a 12-room house for the relatively low price of $3,500 (equivalent to $32,000 in 2023) due to the area's high crime and poverty rates. Lynch later said:

We lived cheap, but the city was full of fear. A kid was shot to death down the street ... We were robbed twice, had windows shot out and a car stolen. The house was first broken into only three days after we moved in ... The feeling was so close to extreme danger, and the fear was so intense. There was violence and hate and filth. But the biggest influence in my whole life was that city.[11]: 42–43 

Meanwhile, to help support his family, he took a job printing engravings.[11]: 43  At the Pennsylvania Academy, Lynch made his first short film, Six Men Getting Sick (Six Times) (1967). He had first come up with the idea when he developed a wish to see his paintings move, and he began discussing doing animation with an artist named Bruce Samuelson. When this project never came about, Lynch decided to work on a film alone, and purchased the cheapest 16mm camera that he could find. Taking one of the academy's abandoned upper rooms as a workspace, he spent $150,[17] which at the time he felt to be a lot of money, to produce Six Men Getting Sick.[11]: 37–38  Calling the film "57 seconds of growth and fire, and three seconds of vomit", Lynch played it on a loop at the academy's annual end-of-year exhibit, where it shared joint first prize with a painting by Noel Mahaffey.[11]: 38 [18]: 15–16  This led to a commission from one of his fellow students, the wealthy H. Barton Wasserman, who offered him $1,000 (equivalent to $8,800 in 2023) to create a film installation in his home. Spending $478 of that on the second-hand Bolex camera "of [his] dreams", Lynch produced a new animated short, but upon getting the film developed, realized that the result was a blurred, frameless print. He later said, "So I called up [Wasserman] and said, 'Bart, the film is a disaster. The camera was broken and what I've done hasn't turned out.' And he said, 'Don't worry, David, take the rest of the money and make something else for me. Just give me a print.' End of story."[11]: 39 

With his leftover money, Lynch decided to experiment with a mix of animation and live action, producing the four-minute short

The Alphabet (1968). The film starred Lynch's wife Peggy as a character known as The Girl, who chants the alphabet to a series of images of horses before dying at the end by hemorrhaging blood all over her bed sheets. Adding a sound effect, Lynch used a broken Uher tape recorder to record the sound of Jennifer crying, creating a distorted sound that Lynch found particularly effective. Later describing what had inspired him, Lynch said, "Peggy's niece was having a bad dream one night and was saying the alphabet in her sleep in a tormented way. So that's sort of what started The Alphabet going. The rest of it was just subconscious."[18]: 15–16 [11]
: 39–40 

Learning about the newly founded American Film Institute, which gave grants to filmmakers who could support their application with a prior work and a script for a new project, Lynch decided to send them a copy of The Alphabet along with a script he had written for a new short film that would be almost entirely live action, The Grandmother.[11]: 42  The institute agreed to help finance the work, initially offering him $5,000 out of his requested budget of $7,200, but later granting him the additional $2,200. Starring people he knew from both work and college and filmed in his own house,[11]: 44–47  The Grandmother featured a neglected boy who "grows" a grandmother from a seed to care for him. The film critics Michelle Le Blanc and Colin Odell wrote, "this film is a true oddity but contains many of the themes and ideas that would filter into his later work, and shows a remarkable grasp of the medium".[18]: 18 

Black and white image of a man with long wild hair standing straight up, as if electrocuted like a cartoon
Theatrical release poster for Eraserhead (1977)

In 1970,[19] Lynch moved with his wife and daughter to Los Angeles, where he began studying filmmaking at the AFI Conservatory, a place he later called "completely chaotic and disorganized, which was great ... you quickly learned that if you were going to get something done, you would have to do it yourself. They wanted to let people do their thing."[11]: 57–58  He began writing a script for a proposed work, Gardenback, that had "unfolded from this painting I'd done". In this venture he was supported by a number of figures at the Conservatory, who encouraged him to lengthen the script and add more dialogue, which he reluctantly agreed to do. All the interference on his Gardenback project made him fed up with the Conservatory and led him to quit after returning to start his second year and being put in first-year classes. AFI dean Frank Daniel asked Lynch to reconsider, believing that he was one of the school's best students. Lynch agreed on the condition that he could create a project that would not be interfered with. Feeling that Gardenback was "wrecked", he set out on a new film, Eraserhead.[11]: 58–59 

Eraserhead was planned to be about 42 minutes long (it ended up being 89 minutes), its script was only 21 pages, and Lynch was able to create the film without interference. Filming began on May 29, 1972, at night in some abandoned stables, allowing the production team, which was largely Lynch and some of his friends, including Sissy Spacek, Jack Fisk, cinematographer Frederick Elmes and sound designer Alan Splet, to set up a camera room, green room, editing room, sets as well as a food room and a bathroom.[11]: 59–60  The AFI gave Lynch a $10,000 grant, but it was not enough to complete the film, and under pressure from studios after the success of the relatively cheap feature film Easy Rider, it was unable to give him more. Lynch was then supported by a loan from his father and money that he earned from a paper route that he took up, delivering The Wall Street Journal.[11]: 60, 76 [20] Not long into Eraserhead's production, Lynch and Peggy amicably separated and divorced, and he began living full-time on set. In 1977, Lynch married Mary Fisk, sister of Jack Fisk.[11]: 60, 80, 110 

Lynch has said that not a single reviewer of the film understood it in the way he intended. Filmed in black and white, Eraserhead tells the story of Henry (Jack Nance), a quiet young man living in a dystopian industrial wasteland, whose girlfriend gives birth to a deformed baby whom she leaves in his care. It was heavily influenced by the fearful mood of Philadelphia, and Lynch has called it "my Philadelphia Story".[11]: 56 [21]

Due to financial problems the filming of Eraserhead was haphazard, regularly stopping and starting again. It was in one such break in 1974 that Lynch created the short film The Amputee, a one-shot film about two minutes long. Lynch proposed that he make The Amputee to present to AFI to test two different types of film stock.[18]: 28–29 

Eraserhead was finally finished in 1976. Lynch tried to get it entered into the

Los Angeles Film Festival, where Ben Barenholtz, the distributor of the Elgin Theater, heard about it.[11]: 82–83  He was very supportive of the movie, helping to distribute it around the United States in 1977, and Eraserhead subsequently became popular on the midnight movie underground circuit,[11]: 54  and was later called one of the most important midnight movies of the 1970s, along with El Topo, Pink Flamingos, The Rocky Horror Picture Show, The Harder They Come and Night of the Living Dead.[22] Stanley Kubrick said it was one of his all-time favorite films.[11]
: 77 

1980–1989: Rise to prominence

After Eraserhead's success on the underground circuit, Stuart Cornfeld, an executive producer for Mel Brooks, saw it and later said, "I was just 100 percent blown away ... I thought it was the greatest thing I'd ever seen. It was such a cleansing experience."[11]: 88  He agreed to help Lynch with his next film, Ronnie Rocket, for which Lynch had already written a script. But Lynch soon realized that Ronnie Rocket, a film that he has said is about "electricity and a three-foot guy with red hair", was not going to be picked up by any financiers, and so he asked Cornfeld to find him a script by someone else that he could direct. Cornfeld found four. On hearing the title of the first, The Elephant Man, Lynch chose it.[11]: 90–92 

The Elephant Man's script, written by Chris de Vore and

Brooksfilms, was responsible for production. Brooks viewed Eraserhead, and after coming out of the screening theatre, embraced Lynch, declaring, "You're a madman! I love you! You're in."[11]
: 92–93 

The Elephant Man starred John Hurt as John Merrick (the name changed from Joseph) and Anthony Hopkins as Treves. Filming took place in London. Though surrealistic and in black and white, it has been called "one of the most conventional" of Lynch's films.[18]: 29–30  The Elephant Man was a huge critical and commercial success, earning eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay.[11]: 104 

After The Elephant Man's success,

Giedi Prime, for which he used "steel, bolts, and porcelain".[11]
: 118 

Dune is set in the far future, when humans live in an interstellar empire under a

Universal Studios released an "extended cut" for syndicated television, containing almost an hour of cutting-room-floor footage and new narration. It did not represent Lynch's intentions, but the studio considered it more comprehensible than the original version. Lynch objected to the changes and had his name struck from the extended cut, which has Alan Smithee credited as the director and "Judas Booth" (a pseudonym Lynch invented, reflecting his feelings of betrayal) as the screenwriter.[24]

In 1983, he began writing and drawing of a comic strip, The Angriest Dog in the World, that featured unchanging graphics of a tethered dog so angry it could not move, alongside cryptic philosophical references. It was published from 1983 to 1992 in The Village Voice, Creative Loafing, and other tabloid and alternative publications.[11]: 109  Around this time Lynch also became interested in photography as an art form, and traveled to northern England to photograph the degrading industrial landscape.[11]: 109–111 

Lynch was contractually still obliged to produce two other projects for De Laurentiis, the first a planned sequel to Dune, which due to the film's failure never went beyond the script stage.[11]: 115  The other was a more personal work, based on a script Lynch had been working on for some time. Developing from ideas that Lynch had had since 1973, the film, Blue Velvet, was set in the real town of Lumberton, North Carolina, and revolves around a college student, Jeffrey Beaumont (MacLachlan), who finds a severed ear in a field. Investigating further with the help of friend Sandy (Laura Dern), he discovers that it is related to a criminal gang led by psychopath Frank Booth (Dennis Hopper), who has kidnapped the husband and child of singer Dorothy Vallens (Isabella Rossellini) and repeatedly rapes her. Lynch has called the story "a dream of strange desires wrapped inside a mystery story".[11]: 138 

Lynch included pop songs from the 1960s in the film, including Roy Orbison's "In Dreams" and Bobby Vinton's "Blue Velvet", the latter of which largely inspired the film. Lynch has said, "It was the song that sparked the movie ... There was something mysterious about it. It made me think about things. And the first things I thought about were lawns—lawns and the neighborhood.[11]: 134  Other music for the film was composed by Angelo Badalamenti, who wrote the music for most of Lynch's subsequent work.[11]: 130–132  De Laurentiis loved the film, and it received support at some of the early specialist screenings, but the preview screenings to mainstream audiences were very negatively received, with most of the viewers hating the film.[11]: 148–149  Lynch had found success with The Elephant Man, but Blue Velvet's controversy with audiences and critics introduced him into the mainstream, and it became a huge critical and moderate commercial success. The film earned Lynch his second Academy Award nomination for Best Director. Woody Allen, whose Hannah and Her Sisters was nominated for Best Picture, said Blue Velvet was his favorite film of the year.[25] In the late 1980s, Lynch began to work in television, directing a short piece, The Cowboy and the Frenchman, for French television in 1989.[18]: 81 

1990–1999: Twin Peaks and stardom

Lynch at the 1990 Emmy Awards ceremony

Around this time, he met the television producer

FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper (MacLachlan) as the investigator trying to identify the killer, and discovering not only the murder's supernatural aspects but also many of the townsfolk's secrets; Lynch said, "The project was to mix a police investigation with the ordinary lives of the characters." He later said, "[Mark Frost and I] worked together, especially in the initial stages. Later on we started working more apart." They pitched the series to ABC, which agreed to finance the pilot and eventually commissioned a season comprising seven episodes.[11]
: 157–159 

During season one Lynch directed two of the seven episodes, devoting more time to his film Wild at Heart, but carefully chose the other episodes' directors.

Gordon Cole. The series was a success, with high ratings in the United States and many other countries, and soon spawned a cult following. Soon a second season of 22 episodes went into production, but ABC executives believed that public interest in the show was decreasing. The network insisted that Lynch and Frost reveal Laura Palmer's killer's identity prematurely, which Lynch grudgingly agreed to do,[11]: 180–181  in what Lynch has called one of his biggest professional regrets.[26] After identifying the murderer and moving from Thursday to Saturday night, Twin Peaks continued for several more episodes, but was canceled after a ratings drop. Lynch, who disliked the direction that writers and directors took in the later episodes, directed the final episode. He ended it with a cliffhanger (like season one had), later saying, "that's not the ending. That's the ending that people were stuck with."[11]
: 182 

While Twin Peaks was in production, the

Yves Saint Laurent, Calvin Klein, Giorgio Armani and the Japanese coffee company Namoi, which featured a Japanese man searching Twin Peaks for his missing wife.[11]
: 211–212 

1990 was Lynch's annus mirabilis: Wild at Heart won the Palme d'Or at Cannes, and the television series Twin Peaks was proving a smash hit with audiences across the world. The musical/performance piece Industrial Symphony No. 1, which Lynch had staged with Angelo Badalamenti at the Brooklyn Academy of music, had spawned the album Floating into the Night and launched singer Julee Cruise. Five one-man exhibitions between 1989 and 1991 emphasized Lynch's roots in fine art and painting, and a rash of ads (including a teaser trailer for Michael Jackson's 'Dangerous' tour) confirmed the demand for the Lynch touch ... In an unlikely scenario for the maker of Eraserhead, Lynch had become an influential and fashionable brand name.

—Christopher Rodley[11]: 191 

Lynch at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival

While Lynch was working on the first few episodes of Twin Peaks, his friend

The Wizard of Oz.[11]: 193–194, 198  Despite a muted response from American critics and viewers, Wild at Heart won the Palme d'Or at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival.[28]

After Wild at Heart's success, Lynch returned to the world of the canceled Twin Peaks, this time without Frost, to create a film that was primarily a prequel but also in part a sequel. Lynch said, "I liked the idea of the story going back and forth in time."[11]: 187  The result, Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992), primarily revolved around the last few days in the life of Laura Palmer, and was much "darker" in tone than the TV series, with much of the humor removed, and dealing with such topics as incest and murder. Lynch has said the film is about "the loneliness, shame, guilt, confusion and devastation of the victim of incest". The company CIBY-2000 financed Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, and most of the TV series' cast reprised their roles, though some refused and many were unenthusiastic about the project.[11]: 184–187  The film was a commercial failure in the United States at the time of its release, but it has since experienced a critical reappraisal. A number of critics, such as Mark Kermode, have called it Lynch's "masterpiece".[29]

Meanwhile, Lynch worked on some new television shows. He and Frost created the comedy series On the Air (1992), which was canceled after three episodes aired, and he and Monty Montgomery created the three-episode HBO miniseries Hotel Room (1993) about events that happen in one hotel room on different dates.[18]: 82–84 

In 1993, Lynch collaborated with Japanese musician Yoshiki on the video for X Japan's song "Longing ~Setsubou no Yoru~". The video was never officially released, but Lynch claimed in his 2018 memoir Room to Dream that "some of the frames are so fuckin' beautiful, you can't believe it."[30]

After his unsuccessful TV ventures, Lynch returned to film. In 1997, he released the non-linear noiresque Lost Highway, which was co-written by Barry Gifford and starred Bill Pullman and Patricia Arquette. The film failed commercially and received a mixed response from critics.[31][32]

Lynch then began work on a film from a script by Mary Sweeney and John E. Roach, The Straight Story, based on a true story: that of Alvin Straight (Richard Farnsworth), an elderly man from Laurens, Iowa, who goes on a 300-mile journey to visit his sick brother (Harry Dean Stanton) in Mount Zion, Wisconsin, by riding lawnmower. Asked why he chose this script, Lynch said, "that's what I fell in love with next", and expressed his admiration of Straight, describing him as "like James Dean, except he's old".[11]: 247, 252  Badalamenti wrote the music for the film, saying it was "very different from the kind of score he's done for [Lynch] in the past".[11]: 260 

Among the many differences from Lynch's other films,

Motion Picture Association of America, which came as "shocking news" to many in the film industry, who were surprised that it "did not disturb, offend or mystify".[11]: 245  Le Blanc and Odell write that the plot made it "seem as far removed from Lynch's earlier works as could be imagined, but in fact right from the very opening, this is entirely his film—a surreal road movie".[18]
: 69 

2000–2009: Established career

Four people stand beside each other facing off-camera, from left to right: a blonde woman wearing a tan dress suit, a man with salt-and-pepper hair wearing a blazer over white shirt and slacks, a brunette wearing red pants and a black top, and a dark-haired man wearing a black leather jacket over black clothes.
Naomi Watts, David Lynch, Laura Elena Harring, and Justin Theroux at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival

That year, Lynch approached

Joel Coen for The Man Who Wasn't There) and Best Director from the New York Film Critics Association. He also received his third Academy Award nomination for Best Director.[33] In 2016, the film was named the best film of the 21st century in a BBC poll of 177 film critics from 36 countries.[34]

With the rising popularity of the Internet, Lynch decided to use it as a distribution channel, releasing several new series he had created exclusively on his website, davidlynch.com, which went online on December 10, 2001.[35] In 2002, he created a series of online shorts, DumbLand. Intentionally crude in content and execution, the eight-episode series was later released on DVD.[36] The same year, Lynch released a surreal sitcom, Rabbits, about a family of humanoid rabbits. Later, he made his experiments with Digital Video available in the form of the Japanese-style horror short Darkened Room. In 2006, Lynch's feature film Inland Empire was released. At three hours, it is the longest of his films. Like Mulholland Drive and Lost Highway, it does not follow a traditional narrative structure. It stars Lynch regulars Laura Dern, Harry Dean Stanton and Justin Theroux, with cameos by Naomi Watts and Laura Harring as the voices of Suzie and Jane Rabbit, and a performance by Jeremy Irons. Lynch has called Inland Empire "a mystery about a woman in trouble". In an effort to promote it, he made appearances with a cow and a placard bearing the slogan "Without cheese there would be no Inland Empire".[37]

In 2009, Lynch produced a documentary web series directed by his son Austin Lynch and friend Jason S., Interview Project.

My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? With a nonstandard narrative, the film is based on a true story of an actor who committed matricide while acting in a production of the Oresteia, and starred Lynch regular Grace Zabriskie.[39] In 2009, Lynch had plans to direct a documentary on Maharishi Mahesh Yogi consisting of interviews with people who knew him,[40]
but nothing has come of it.

2010–2019: Return to television

In 2010, Lynch began making guest appearances on the

Gus the Bartender. He had been convinced to appear in the show by its lead actor, Mike Henry, a fan of Lynch who felt that his whole life had changed after seeing Wild at Heart.[41] Lady Blue Shanghai is a 16-minute promotional film that was written, directed and edited by Lynch for Dior. It was released on the Internet in May 2010.[42]

Lynch directed a concert by English

Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2011. The short, which features Interpol's song "Lights", was later made available online.[44]

Twin Peaks: The Return

It was believed that Lynch was going to retire from the

Key to the City from Bydgoszcz's mayor, Rafał Bruski.[48] In a January 2013 interview with the Los Angeles Times, Laura Dern confirmed that she and Lynch were planning a new project,[49][50] and The New York Times later revealed that Lynch was working on the script.[51] Idem Paris, a short documentary film about the lithographic process, was released online in February 2013.[52] On June 28, 2013, a video Lynch directed for the Nine Inch Nails song "Came Back Haunted" was released.[53] He also did photography for the Dumb Numbers' self-titled album released in August 2013.[54]

On October 6, 2014, Lynch confirmed via Twitter that he and Frost would start shooting a new, nine-episode season of

Twin Peaks in 2015, with the episodes expected to air in 2016 on Showtime.[55] Lynch and Frost wrote all the episodes. On April 5, 2015, Lynch announced via Twitter that the project was still alive, but he was no longer going to direct because the budget was too low for what he wanted to do.[56] On May 15, 2015, he said via Twitter that he would return to the revival, having sorted out his issues with Showtime.[57] Showtime CEO David Nevins confirmed this, announcing that Lynch would direct every episode of the revival and that the original nine episodes had been extended to 18.[58] Filming was completed by April 2016.[59][60] The two-episode premiere aired on May 21, 2017.[61]

While doing press for Twin Peaks, Lynch was again asked if he had retired from film and seemed to confirm that he had made his last feature film, responding, "Things changed a lot... So many films were not doing well at the box office even though they might have been great films and the things that were doing well at the box office weren't the things that I would want to do".[62] Lynch later said that this statement had been misconstrued: "I did not say I quit cinema, simply that nobody knows what the future holds."[63]

Lynch portrayed director John Ford in Steven Spielberg's The Fabelmans (2022).

Since the last episode of The Return aired, there has been speculation about a fourth season. Lynch did not deny the possibility of another season, but said that if it were to happen, it would not air before 2021.[64]

2020–present: Weather reports and other projects

Lynch did weather reports on his now-defunct website in the 2000s.

D-Day.[66][67] In June 2020, Lynch rereleased his 2002 web series Rabbits on YouTube.[68][69] On July 17, 2020, his store for merchandise released a set of face masks with Lynch's art on them for the COVID-19 pandemic.[70] In February 2022, it was announced that Lynch had been cast in the Steven Spielberg film The Fabelmans in a role Variety called at the time "a closely guarded secret", later revealed to be that of real-life film director John Ford, whose famous encounter with Spielberg is dramatized in the film's final moments, with the film's protagonist Sammy Fabelman (played by Gabriel LaBelle) in Spielberg's place.[71] Lynch and the cast were nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture.[72]
Lynch stopped doing weather reports after 2022.

In 2021, it was reported that Lynch was developing a new project potentially for Netflix with the working titles Wisteria and Unrecorded Night.[73]

Cinematic influences and themes

Influences

I look at the world and I see absurdity all around me. People do strange things constantly, to the point that, for the most part, we manage not to see it. That's why I love coffee shops and public places—I mean, they're all out there.

—David Lynch[11]: 199 

Lynch has said his work is more similar to that of European filmmakers than American ones, and that most films that "get down and thrill your soul" are by European directors.

Monsieur Hulot's Holiday (1953), Hitchcock's Rear Window (1954), and Herzog's Stroszek (1977).[11]: 21  He has also cited Herk Harvey's Carnival of Souls (1962) and Jerzy Skolimowski's Deep End (1970) as influences on his work.[76]

Motifs

Several themes recur in Lynch's work. Le Blanc and Odell write, "his films are so packed with motifs, recurrent characters, images, compositions and techniques that you could view his entire output as one large jigsaw puzzle of ideas".[18]: 8  One of the key themes they note is the usage of dreams and dreamlike imagery and structure, something they relate to the "surrealist ethos" of relying "on the subconscious to provide visual drive". This can be seen in Merrick's dream of his mother in The Elephant Man, Cooper's dreams of the red room in Twin Peaks and the "dreamlike logic" of the narratives of Eraserhead, Mulholland Drive and Inland Empire.[18]: 8–9  Of his attitude to dreams, Lynch has said, "Waking dreams are the ones that are important, the ones that come when I'm quietly sitting in a chair, letting my mind wander. When you sleep, you don't control your dream. I like to dive into a dream world that I've made or discovered; a world I choose ... [You can't really get others to experience it, but] right there is the power of cinema."[11]: 15  His films are known for their use of magic realism. The motif of dreams is closely linked to his recurring use of drones, real-world sounds and musical styles.[77]

Another of Lynch's prominent themes is industry, with repeated imagery of "the clunk of machinery, the power of pistons, shadows of oil drills pumping, screaming woodmills and smoke billowing factories", as seen in the industrial wasteland in Eraserhead, the factories in The Elephant Man, the sawmill in Twin Peaks and the lawnmower in The Straight Story.[18]: 9–11  Of his interest in such things, Lynch has said, "It makes me feel good to see giant machinery, you know, working: dealing with molten metal. And I like fire and smoke. And the sounds are so powerful. It's just big stuff. It means that things are being made, and I really like that."[11]: 110 

Another theme is the dark underbelly of violent criminal activity in a society, such as Frank Booth's gang in Blue Velvet and the cocaine smugglers in Twin Peaks. The idea of deformity is also found in several of Lynch's films, from The Elephant Man to the deformed baby in Eraserhead, as well as death from head wounds, found in most of Lynch's films. Other imagery common in Lynch's works includes flickering electricity or lights, fire, and stages upon which a singer performs, often surrounded by drapery.[18]: 9–11 

Except The Elephant Man and Dune, which are set in

a fictitious galaxy respectively, all of Lynch's films are set in the United States, and he has said, "I like certain things about America and it gives me ideas. When I go around and I see things, it sparks little stories, or little characters pop out, so it just feels right to me to, you know, make American films."[11]: 18  A number of his works, including Blue Velvet, Twin Peaks and Lost Highway, are intentionally reminiscent of 1950s American culture despite being set in later decades of the 20th century. Lynch has said, "It was a fantastic decade in a lot of ways ... there was something in the air that is not there any more at all. It was such a great feeling, and not just because I was a kid. It was a really hopeful time, and things were going up instead of going down. You got the feeling you could do anything. The future was bright. Little did we know we were laying the groundwork for a disastrous future.[11]
: 3–5 

Lynch also tends to feature his leading female actors in "split" roles, so that many of his female characters have multiple, fractured identities. This practice began with his casting

quantum physics and perhaps Lynch's broader interest in quantum mechanics.[78] Some have suggested that Lynch's love for Hitchcock's Vertigo, which employs a split lead character (the Judy Barton and Madeleine Elster characters, both portrayed by Kim Novak) may have influenced this aspect of his work.[79][80]

His films frequently feature characters with supernatural or omnipotent qualities. They can be seen as physical manifestations of various concepts, such as hatred or fear. Examples include The Man Inside the Planet in Eraserhead,

BOB in Twin Peaks, The Mystery Man in Lost Highway, The Bum in Mulholland Drive, and The Phantom in Inland Empire. Lynch approaches his characters and plots in a way that steeps them in a dream state rather than reality.[81]

Recurring collaborators

Main article: List of frequent David Lynch collaborators

Lynch is also widely noted for his collaborations with various production artists and composers on his films and other productions.[82] He frequently worked with Angelo Badalamenti to compose music for his productions, former wife Mary Sweeney as a film editor, casting director Johanna Ray, and cast members Harry Dean Stanton, Jack Nance, Kyle MacLachlan, Naomi Watts, Isabella Rossellini, Grace Zabriskie, and Laura Dern.

Filmography

Main article: David Lynch filmography

Film

Year Title Distributor Ref.
1977 Eraserhead Libra Films [83]
1980 The Elephant Man Paramount Pictures
1984 Dune Universal Pictures
1986 Blue Velvet De Laurentiis Entertainment Group
1990 Wild at Heart The Samuel Goldwyn Company
1992 Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me New Line Cinema
1997 Lost Highway October Films
1999 The Straight Story Buena Vista Pictures
2001 Mulholland Drive Universal Pictures
2006 Inland Empire Absurda, 518 Media[84]

Television

Year Title Network Ref(s)
1990–1991 Twin Peaks ABC [83]
1992 On the Air [85]: xxvi 
1993 Hotel Room HBO
2017
Twin Peaks: The Return
 		Showtime [83]

Other work

Painting

Lynch painted So This Is Love in 1992.

Lynch first trained as a painter, and although he is now better known as a filmmaker, he has continued to paint. Lynch has stated that "all my paintings are organic, violent comedies. They have to be violently done and primitive and crude, and to achieve that I try to let nature paint more than I paint."[11]: 22  Many of his works are very dark in color, and Lynch has said this is because

I wouldn't know what to do with [color]. Color to me is too real. It's limiting. It doesn't allow too much of a dream. The more you throw black into a color, the more dreamy it gets ... Black has depth. It's like a little egress; you can go into it, and because it keeps on continuing to be dark, the mind kicks in, and a lot of things that are going on in there become manifest. And you start seeing what you're afraid of. You start seeing what you love, and it becomes like a dream.[11]: 20 

Many of his works also contain letters and words added to the painting. He explains:

The words in the paintings are sometimes important to make you start thinking about what else is going on in there. And a lot of times, the words excite me as shapes, and something'll grow out of that. I used to cut these little letters out and glue them on. They just look good all lined up like teeth ... sometimes they become the title of the painting.[11]: 22 

Lynch considers the 20th-century Irish-born British artist Francis Bacon to be his "number one kinda hero painter", stating that "Normally I only like a couple of years of a painter's work, but I like everything of Bacon's. The guy, you know, had the stuff."[11]: 16–17 

Lynch was the subject of a major art retrospective at the

Fondation Cartier, Paris from March 3 – May 27, 2007. The show was titled The Air is on Fire and included numerous paintings, photographs, drawings, alternative films and sound work. New site-specific art installations were created specially for the exhibition. A series of events accompanied the exhibition including live performances and concerts.[86]

His alma mater, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, presented an exhibition of his work, entitled "The Unified Field", which opened on September 12, 2014, and ended in January 2015.[87]

Lynch is represented by Kayne Griffin Corcoran in Los Angeles, and has been exhibiting his paintings, drawings, and photography with the gallery since 2011.[88]

His favorite photographers include William Eggleston (The Red Ceiling), Joel-Peter Witkin, and Diane Arbus.[89]

Music

Lynch in August 2007

Lynch has been involved in several music projects, many of them related to his films, including sound design for some of his films (sometimes alongside collaborators

Dark Night of the Soul was released.[94] In 2008, he started his own record label, David Lynch MC, which first released Fox Bat Strategy: A Tribute to Dave Jaurequi in early 2009.[95]

In November 2010, Lynch released two

Sunday Best Recordings. Describing why he created them, he stated that "I was just sitting and these notes came and then I went down and started working with Dean [Hurley, his engineer] and then these few notes, 'I want to have a good day, today' came and the song was built around that".[96] The singles were followed by an album, Crazy Clown Time, which was released in November 2011 and described as an "electronic blues album".[97] The songs were sung by Lynch, with guest vocals on one track by Karen O of the Yeah Yeah Yeahs,[98] and composed and performed by Lynch and Dean Hurley.[97] All or most of the songs for Crazy Clown Time were put into art-music videos, Lynch directing the title song's video.[99][100][101][102]

On September 29, 2011, Lynch released This Train with vocalist and longtime musical collaborator

Chrysta Bell on the La Rose Noire label. [103] [104]

Lynch's third studio album,

Vine accounts.[106]

For Record Store Day 2014, David Lynch released The Big Dream Remix EP which featured four songs from his album remixed by various artists. This included the track "Are You Sure" remixed by Bastille. The band Bastille have been known to take inspiration from David Lynch's work for their songs and music videos, the main one being their song "Laura Palmer" which is influenced by Lynch's television show Twin Peaks.[107]

On November 2, 2018, a collaborative album by Lynch and Angelo Badalamenti, titled Thought Gang, was released on vinyl and on compact disc. The album was recorded around 1993 but was unreleased at the time. Two tracks from the album already appeared on the soundtrack from the 1992 movie Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me and three other tracks were used for the Twin Peaks TV series in 2017.[108][109]

In May 2019, Lynch provided guest vocals on the track Fire is Coming by Flying Lotus. He also co-wrote the track that appears on Flying Lotus' album Flamagra. A video accompanying the song was released on April 17, 2019.[110]

In May 2021, Lynch produced a new track by Scottish artist Donovan titled "I Am the Shaman". The song was released on May 10, Donovan's 75th birthday. Lynch also directed the accompanying video.[111]

Design

Lynch designed and constructed furniture for his 1997 film Lost Highway, including the small table in the Madison house and the VCR case. In April 1997, he presented a furniture collection at the prestigious Milan Furniture Fair. "Design and music, art and architecture – they all belong together."[112]

Working with designer Raphael Navot, architectural agency Enia and light designer Thierry Dreyfus, Lynch has conceived and designed a nightclub in Paris.[113] "Silencio" opened in October 2011, and is a private members' club although is free to the public after midnight. Patrons have access to concerts, films and other performances by artists and guests. Inspired by the club of the same name in his 2001 film Mulholland Drive, the underground space consists of a series of rooms, each dedicated to a certain purpose or atmosphere. "Silencio is something dear to me. I wanted to create an intimate space where all the arts could come together. There won't be a Warhol-like guru, but it will be open to celebrated artists of all disciplines to come here to programme or create what they want."[114]

Literature

In 2006, Lynch wrote a short book, Catching the Big Fish: Meditation, Consciousness, and Creativity, which describes his creative processes, stories from his career, and the benefits he has realized from his practice of Transcendental Meditation. He describes the metaphor behind the title in the introduction:

Ideas are like fish.

If you want to catch little fish, you can stay in the shallow water. But if you want to catch the big fish, you've got to go deeper.

Down deep, the fish are more powerful and more pure. They're huge and abstract. And they're very beautiful.

The book weaves a nonlinear autobiography with descriptions of Lynch's experiences during Transcendental Meditation.[115]

Working with Kristine McKenna, Lynch published a biography-memoir hybrid, Room to Dream, in June 2018.[116]

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of accolades received by David Lynch

In 2017, Lynch was awarded The

The MacDowell Colony for outstanding contributions to American culture.[117]

Reception

In 2007, a panel of critics convened by

surrealist" by film critic Pauline Kael.[11]
: xi 

Legacy

The moving image collection of David Lynch is held at the Academy Film Archive, which has preserved two of his student films.[119]

Personal life

Relationships

Lynch has had several long-term relationships. In January 1968, he married Peggy Reavey,

2017 revival of Twin Peaks. The couple have one child, Lula Boginia Lynch, born in 2012.[125]
They filed for divorce in 2023.

Political and public views

Lynch has said that he is "not a political person" and that he knows little about politics.

2012 U.S. presidential election.[128]

In 2009, Lynch signed

a petition in support of director Roman Polanski after Polanski's arrest on his 1977 sexual abuse charges. Polanski had been detained while traveling to a film festival. The petition argued the arrest would undermine the tradition of film festivals as a place for works to be shown "freely and safely", and that arresting filmmakers traveling to neutral countries could open the door "for actions of which no-one can know the effects."[129][130]

In the

2016 U.S. presidential election, he endorsed Bernie Sanders,[131] whom he described as "for the people",[132] He voted for Sanders in the 2016 Democratic primaries,[133] and for Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson in the general election.[134] In a June 2018 interview with The Guardian, he said that Donald Trump could go down as "one of the greatest presidents in history because he has disrupted the [country] so much. No one is able to counter this guy in an intelligent way." He added: "Our so-called leaders can't take the country forward, can't get anything done. Like children, they are. Trump has shown all this."[133] The interviewer clarified that "while Trump may not be doing a good job himself, Lynch thinks, he is opening up a space where other outsiders might."[133] At a rally later that month, Trump read out sections of the interview, claiming Lynch was a supporter.[135] Lynch later clarified on Facebook that his words were taken out of context, saying that Trump would "not have a chance to go down in history as a great president" if he continued on the course of "causing suffering and division" and advising him to "treat all the people as you would like to be treated".[136]

In one of his daily weather report videos, Lynch expressed support for Black Lives Matter protests.[137] In another such video, Lynch condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine and addressed Russian president Vladimir Putin directly, telling him there was "no room for this kind of absurdity anymore" and that Putin would reap what he had sown, lifetime after lifetime.[138]

Transcendental Meditation

Lynch spoke on Transcendental Meditation and the creative process in 2007.[139]

Lynch advocates

Spiritual Regeneration Movement center in Los Angeles, California.[143][144] He became close with the Maharishi during a month-long "Millionaire's Enlightenment Course" held in 2003, the fee for which was $1 million.[145]

In July 2005, Lynch launched the

Maharishi University of Management (MUM), Lynch promoted his vision on college campuses with a tour that began in September 2005.[147] Lynch is on MUM's board of trustees[148] and has hosted an annual "David Lynch Weekend for World Peace and Meditation" there since 2005.[149]

Lynch was working for the building and establishment of seven buildings in which 8,000 salaried people would practice advanced meditation techniques, "pumping peace for the world". He estimates the cost at US$7 billion. As of December 2005, he had spent $400,000 of his money and raised $1 million in donations.[142] In December 2006, The New York Times reported that he continued to have that goal.[13] Lynch's book Catching the Big Fish (Tarcher/Penguin, 2006) discusses Transcendental Meditation's effect on his creative process. Lynch attended the funeral of the Maharishi in India in 2008.[145] He told a reporter, "In life, he revolutionized the lives of millions of people. ... In 20, 50, 500 years there will be millions of people who will know and understand what the Maharishi has done."[150] In 2009, Lynch went to India to film interviews with people who knew the Maharishi as part of a biographical documentary.[151][152]

In 2009, Lynch organized a benefit concert at Radio City Music Hall for the David Lynch Foundation. On April 4, 2009, the "Change Begins Within" concert featured Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, Donovan, Sheryl Crow, Eddie Vedder, Moby, Bettye LaVette, Ben Harper, and Mike Love of the Beach Boys.[153] David Wants to Fly, released in May 2010, is a documentary by German filmmaker David Sieveking "that follows the path of his professional idol, David Lynch, into the world of Transcendental Meditation (TM)".[154][155] At the end of the film, Sieveking becomes disillusioned with Lynch.[156]

An independent project starring Lynch called Beyond The Noise: My Transcendental Meditation Journey, directed by film student Dana Farley, who has severe dyslexia and attention deficit disorder, was shown at film festivals in 2011,[157] including the Marbella Film Festival.[158] Filmmaker Kevin Sean Michaels is one of the producers.[159] In 2013, Lynch wrote: "Transcendental Meditation leads to a beautiful, peaceful revolution. A change from suffering and negativity to happiness and a life more and more free of any problems."[140]

In a 2019 interview of Lynch by British artist Alexander de Cadenet, Lynch said of TM: "Here's an experience that utilizes the full brain. That's what it's for. It's for enlightenment, for higher states of consciousness, culminating in the highest state of unity consciousness."[160] In April 2022, Lynch announced a $500 million transcendental meditation world peace initiative to fund transcendental meditation for 30,000 college students.[161]

Website

Lynch designed his personal website, a site exclusive to paying members, where he posts short videos and his

Dumbland, plus interviews and other items. The site also featured a daily weather report, where Lynch gives a brief description of the weather in Los Angeles, where he resides. He continues to broadcast this weather report (usually no longer than 30 seconds) on his personal YouTube channel, DAVID LYNCH THEATER, along with "TODAY'S NUMBER", where he draws a random number, between one and ten, out of a bingo cage.[162][163] Lynch also created a short film, "Rabbits", for his website.[164] An absurd ringtone ("I like to kill deer") from the website was a common sound bite on The Howard Stern Show in early 2006.[165]

Lynch is a coffee drinker and has his own line of special organic blends available for purchase on his website and at

Whole Foods.[166][167] Called "David Lynch Signature Cup", the coffee has been advertised via flyers included with several recent Lynch-related DVD releases, including Inland Empire and the Gold Box edition of Twin Peaks. The brand's tagline is "It's all in the beans ... and I'm just full of beans."[168][169] This is also a line said by Justin Theroux's character in Inland Empire.[170]

Solo exhibitions

Discography

Main article: David Lynch discography

Studio albums

Collaborative albums

See also

References

  1. ^ Murphy, J. Kim (February 4, 2022). "David Lynch Joins Cast of Steven Spielberg's 'The Fabelmans' (Exclusive)". Variety. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
  2. ^ "David Lynch Gave the Shortest Oscar Acceptance Speech". Vanity Fair. October 28, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  3. ^ a b "40 best directors". The Guardian Online. London. 2007. Archived from the original on July 4, 2007. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  4. ^ charitybuzz (2012). "Have 3-Time Academy Award-Nominated Filmmaker David Lynch Review Your Screenplay in LA". charitybuzz. Charitybuzz Inc. Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  5. ^ Jackson, Matthew (June 19, 2018). "DAVID LYNCH EXPLAINS WHY HE LEFT AND THEN RETURNED TO THE TWIN PEAKS REVIVAL". SYFY Wire. SyFy. Archived from the original on September 28, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  6. ^ Wolf, Shira (April 23, 2020). "The Other David Lynch – The Paintings of Contemporary Cinema's Master of Surrealism". Artland Magazine. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  7. ^ Far Out Staff (June 9, 2019). "The mysterious world of David Lynch's photographs of old factories". Far Out Magazine. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  8. ^ "David Lynch's Books". Maharishi International University. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  9. ^ "How the David Lynch Foundation helps people who have experienced homelessness". The Big Issue. July 3, 2019. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  10. ^ Hoffman, Claire (February 22, 2013). "David Lynch Is Back … as a Guru of Transcendental Meditation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 22, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-0-571-22018-2
    .
  12. ^ "David Lynch: "Den här världen är full av hat och ångest"". NÖJESGUIDEN. Archived from the original on June 23, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  13. ^ a b c Williams, Alex (December 31, 2007). "David Lynch's Shockingly Peaceful Inner Life". The New York Times. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  14. ^ Sadighian, David (October 1, 2005). "David Lynch thinks we're all lightbulbs. What?". Yale Daily News. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  15. ^ "Notable Alumni | Corcoran School of the Arts & Design | The George Washington University". corcoran.gwu.edu. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
  16. ^ Wolf, Peter (2011). "Peter'sBio". Peter Wolf. Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  17. ^ The Short Films of David Lynch. 2002.
  18. ^
    ISBN 1-903047-06-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  19. ^ "American Film".
  20. ^ "David Lynch". The Wall Street Journal. July 21, 2012. Archived from the original on July 25, 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
  21. ^ a b David Lynch. "tip Filmjahrbuch Nr. 1 (1985)" [tip Film Yearbook No. 1 (1985)] (Interview). Interviewed by Herman Weigel. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010.
  22. IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
  23. ^ "David Lynch Meets George Lucas". YouTube. Archived from the original on September 11, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  24. ISBN 978-1-903364-85-7. Archived
    from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  25. ISBN 0-671-64810-1
    .
  26. ^ "A Slice of Lynch". Twin Peaks Definitive Gold Box Edition (DVD featurette). 2007.
  27. ^ "His dark materials". Newstatesman.com. Archived from the original on November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  28. ^ "Festival de Cannes: Wild at Heart". festival-cannes.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2009.
  29. ^ Kermode, Mark (February 8, 2007). "David Lynch". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
  30. ^
    OCLC 1019843510
    .
  31. ^ "Lost Highway (1997)". The Numbers. Archived from the original on June 16, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  32. ^ "Lost Highway Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  33. ^ "Academy Award Database: Lynch, David". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  34. ^ Brown, Mark (August 22, 2016). "Mulholland Drive leads the pack in list of 21st century's top films". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
  35. ^ Rivero, Enrique (March 28, 2002). "Director David Lynch Has Do-It-Himself DVD". hive4media.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2002. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  36. ^ Charney, Leo (January 4, 2006). "It's Just Lynch". Philadelphia Weekly. Review Publishing Limited Partnership. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  37. ^ Chonin, Neva (February 7, 2007). "Lynch dives within". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved March 21, 2011.
  38. ^ Hart, Hugh (May 30, 2009). "David Lynch's Interview Project Probes American Dreams". Wired. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
  39. ^ Kay, Jeremy (June 22, 2010). "Werner Herzog: a killer at the table". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
  40. ^ "David Lynch to shoot film about TM guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in India". Daily News & Analysis. November 18, 2009. Archived from the original on November 21, 2009. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  41. ^ Faye, Denis. "A Kinder, Gentler Family Guy". Writers Guild of America, West. Archived from the original on November 30, 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  42. ^ Copping, Nicola (May 14, 2010). "David Lynch's new film for Christian Dior". Financial Times. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
  43. ^ Lewis, Dave. "Watch: David Lynch, Duran Duran team for 'Unstaged' streaming concert". HitFix.com. Archived from the original on March 20, 2011. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  44. The Huffington Post. Archived
    from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  45. ^ Leigh, Danny (August 19, 2011). "Has David Lynch retired, or is it just a bad dream?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  46. ^ Zeitchik, Steven (June 22, 2012). "David Lynch says he doesn't have any ideas for a new film". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012.
  47. Top Right Group. Archived
    from the original on March 19, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
  48. Top Right Group. Archived
    from the original on November 28, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
  49. ^ Blake, Meredith (January 15, 2013). "Laura Dern's Enlightened approach". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  50. ^ Weston, Hilary (January 16, 2013). "David Lynch and Laura Dern Have a Mysterious Project in the Works – Movies". BlackBook. Archived from the original on February 13, 2013. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  51. ^ Hoffman, Claire (February 22, 2013). "David Lynch Is Back ... as a Guru of Transcendental Meditation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 22, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
  52. ^ Fischer, Russ (February 12, 2013). "David Lynch Short Film Idem Paris Recalls the Industrial Tone of His Debut". /Film. Archived from the original on February 15, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
  53. ^ Blistein, Jon (June 27, 2013). "Nine Inch Nails Photos Preview 'Came Back Haunted' Clip". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
  54. ^ "Dumb Numbers II, by Dumb Numbers". Dumbnumbers.bandcamp.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
  55. ^ Littleton, Cynthia (October 6, 2014). "Twin Peaks Revival to Air on Showtime in 2016". Variety. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  56. ^ Stedman, Alex (April 5, 2015). "David Lynch Says He Won't Direct the 'Twin Peaks' Revival". Variety. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017.
  57. ^ McCown, Alex (May 15, 2015). "David Lynch just announced he's rejoined Showtime's Twin Peaks". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  58. ^ Yaniz, Robert Jr. (August 12, 2015). "'Twin Peaks' Revival To Resolve Questions From Previous Seasons". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  59. ^ Andreeva, Nellie (January 12, 2016). "'Twin Peaks' Update: Premiere Set For Early 2017, David Lynch Halfway Done". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  60. ^ Andreeva, Nellie (April 25, 2016). "'Twin Peaks': Here Is the Full Cast Of David Lynch's Showtime Reboot". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on April 25, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  61. ^ Snyder, Chris (February 10, 2017). "'Twin Peaks' is coming back after 25 years – here's everything you need to know about it". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
  62. Sydney Morning Herald. Archived
    from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  63. Indiewire. Archived
    from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  64. ^ Mitovich, Matt (September 15, 2017). "Twin Peaks: David Lynch Lays Out Timetable for Any Potential Season 4". TVLine. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
  65. ^ "David Lynch weather report". YouTube. Archived from the original on September 20, 2021.
  66. ^ "David Lynch Theater". YouTube. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  67. ^ McCarter, Reid (June 8, 2020). "David Lynch ends daily weather report by recalling dream about being a dying German soldier on D-Day". AV Club. Archived from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  68. Hypebeast. Archived
    from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  69. ^ England, Rachel (June 10, 2020). "David Lynch's creepy web series 'Rabbits' is back online". Engadget. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  70. ^ Millican, Josh (July 17, 2020). "David Lynch Now Has Line of Face Masks". Dread Central. Archived from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  71. ^ Murphy, J. Kim (February 4, 2022). "David Lynch Joins Cast of Steven Spielberg's 'The Fabelmans' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  72. ^ "SAG Awards Nominations: The Complete List". Deadline Hollywood. January 11, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  73. ^ Brodsky, Rachel (November 28, 2020). "David Lynch reportedly working on a new Netflix series called 'Wisteria'". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  74. ^ a b Calum Russell (July 15, 2022). "The movies that David Lynch "oriented" himself on". Far Out. Far Out Magazine. Retrieved September 15, 2022. As for the filmmakers that have particularly inspired Lynch's craft, the director goes on to say, "Everyone should find their own voice. It's not about copying", before finally admitting that "[Jean-Luc] Godard, [Federico] Fellini and [Ingmar] Bergman were my heroes".
  75. ^ David Lynch (October 13, 2007). "David Lynch Favorites Movies and FilmMakers" (Interview). Interviewed by Diego Schonhals. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  76. ^ "Retro Cinema: Carnival of Souls". Moviefone. October 12, 2007. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
  77. ^ Rogers, Holly. "The Audiovisual Eerie: Transmediating Thresholds in the Work of David Lynch". In Vernallis, Carol; Rogers, Holly; Perrott, Lisa (eds.). Transmedia Directors: Artistry, Industry and the New Audiovisual Aesthetics. Bloomsbury.
  78. ^ "World peace from the quantum level: Dr. John Hagelin and David Lynch". tm.org. April 8, 2010. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017.
  79. ^ "David Lynch watching Vertigo". cinearchive.org. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
  80. ^ Cwik, Greg (April 16, 2015). "9 Great Films Influenced By Alfred Hitchcock's 'Vertigo'". IndieWire. Archived from the original on December 15, 2019. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  81. Vulture. Archived
    from the original on November 15, 2017. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  82. ^ "My Beautiful Broken Brain: The woman who 'video-selfied' her stroke". The Independent. March 17, 2016. Archived from the original on March 27, 2018. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
  83. ^
    Allrovi. Archived
    from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
  84. ^ Goldstein, Gregg (November 16, 2006). "Lynch set to self-release 'Empire'". The Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  85. ^
    ISBN 978-1-60473-236-8. Archived
    from the original on April 28, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
  86. ^ Wyatt, Caroline (March 2, 2007). "David Lynch's dark arts laid bare". BBC News. Archived from the original on February 8, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
  87. ^ "David Lynch: The Unified Field". pafa.org. October 27, 2014. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
  88. ^ "'I Like Dogs with a Human Head': David Lynch Shows New Paintings in Los Angeles". ArtNews.com. September 7, 2018. Archived from the original on October 21, 2018. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
  89. ^ "David Lynch interview: 'There is something so incredibly cosmically magical about curtains'". Timeout.com. January 13, 2014. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  90. ^ Lynskey, Dorian (March 24, 2017). "'Make it like the wind, Angelo': How the Twin Peaks soundtrack came to haunt music for nearly 30 years". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  91. ^ "David Lynch on Michael Jackson and That Crazy Frog From 'Twin Peaks'". The New York Times. June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  92. ^ "Lux Vivens: the Music of Hildegard von Bingen Jocelyn Montgomery". AllMusic. Archived from the original on August 27, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  93. ^ "BOSS Users Group magazine Vol. 5, No. 1 Summer 2001". Lynchnet.com. Archived from the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
  94. ^ "Music – New Music News, Reviews, Pictures, and Videos". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 25, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
  95. ^ Rawls, Alex (July 1, 2009). "Fox Bat Strategy, A Tribute to Dave Jaurequi (Absurda)". OffBeat. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  96. ^ Topping, Alexandra (November 28, 2010). "The latest offbeat experiment from filmmaker David Lynch: pop singles". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on September 7, 2014. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  97. ^ a b Lynch, David (November 11, 2011). "Music, Not Movies, But Still Exploring Places of Darkness". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
  98. ^ Powell, Mike (November 8, 2011). "Crazy Clown Time". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on January 17, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
  99. ^ David Lynch - Crazy Clown Time (Official Video). YouTube. Archived from the original on September 20, 2021.
  100. ^ David Lynch Feat. Karen O - Pinky's Dream (Unofficial Video). YouTube. Archived from the original on September 20, 2021.
  101. ^ David Lynch 'Good Day Today' (Official Video). YouTube. Archived from the original on September 20, 2021.
  102. ^ David Lynch - So Glad. YouTube. Archived from the original on September 20, 2021.
  103. ^ Battan, Carrie (September 14, 2011). "David Lynch Unveils Album Cover Art". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  104. ^ Strauss, Matthew (August 9, 2016). "David Lynch and Chrysta Bell Team Up for New EP". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  105. ^ Minkser, Evan (June 3, 2013). "David Lynch Announces New Album, The Big Dream, Shares Track Featuring Lykke Li | News". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
  106. MUBI. May 31, 2013. Archived
    from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
  107. ^ "David Lynch collaborates with Moby and Bastille for Record Store Day EP – listen". NME. March 11, 2014. Archived from the original on April 26, 2014. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  108. ^ Blais-Billie, Braudie (September 18, 2018). "David Lynch and Angelo Badalamenti's Lost '90s Album Is Getting Released". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  109. ^ Bemrose, Bekki. "Thought Gang Review". AllMusic. Archived from the original on November 12, 2018. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  110. ^ Blistein, Jon (April 17, 2019). "Flying Lotus Previews New Album With Freaky David Lynch Collaboration". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 5, 2019. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  111. ^ Cazanov, Jeff (April 16, 2012). "Donovan is Back!". rockcellarmagazine.com. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
  112. ^ "The City of Absurdity: David Lynch's Furniture". Cityofabsurdity.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
  113. ^ "Silencio by David Lynch". Dezeen.com. September 7, 2011. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
  114. ^ Gibbons, Fiachra (August 31, 2011). "Inside David Lynch's Paris nightclub". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  115. ISBN 978-1-58542-540-2. Archived
    from the original on July 11, 2014. Retrieved June 14, 2014.
  116. ^ "Book Marks reviews of Room to Dream by David Lynch and Kristine McKenna". bookmarks.reviews. Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  117. ^ "MacDowell Colony to honor David Lynch". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  118. ^ Ankeny, Jason. "David Lynch: Biography". AllMovie. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  119. ^ "David Lynch Collection". Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. September 4, 2014. Archived from the original on July 3, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  120. ^ Jones, J.R. (May 3, 2017). "For David Lynch, nothing was scarier than dear old dad". ChicagoReader.com. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  121. ^ a b Marchese, David (June 25, 2018). "In Conversation: David Lynch". Vulture. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  122. ^ Woodward, Richard B. (January 14, 1990). "A Dark Lens on America". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 4, 2010. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  123. ^ "Mary Sweeney – "Baraboo"". PBS Wisconsin. April 1, 2011. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  124. ^ Acoymo, Mary Margaret; Keith, Amy Elisa (June 14, 2006). "David Lynch, Wife Split After 1 Month". People. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  125. ^ a b "Director David Lynch and wife welcome first daughter". Irish Independent. September 8, 2012. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  126. ^ a b "Was David Lynch the Original Libertarian Democrat?". Reason.com. December 11, 2006. Archived from the original on October 25, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  127. ISSN 0028-792X
    . Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  128. ^ Lynch, David. "Reason 52: I Have Noticed Something in Mitt Romney's name". 90 Days, 90 Reasons. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
  129. ^ Shoard, Catherine; agencies (September 29, 2009). "Release Polanski, demands petition by film industry luminaries". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
  130. ^ "Le cinéma soutient Roman Polanski / Petition for Roman Polanski - SACD". archive.ph. June 4, 2012. Archived from the original on June 4, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  131. ^ Lynch, David [@DAVID_LYNCH] (March 29, 2016). "Dear Twtter Friends, YAY! BERNIE SANDERS FOR PRESIDENT!!!" (Tweet). Retrieved March 29, 2016 – via Twitter.
  132. ^ Lynch, David [@DAVID_LYNCH] (April 26, 2016). "Dear Bernie Sanders, You are for the people. Great good luck to you going forward!!!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  133. ^ a b c Carrol, Rory (June 25, 2018). "David Lynch: 'You gotta be selfish. It's a terrible thing'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 24, 2018. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  134. ^ Peyser, Eve (June 26, 2018). "No, David Lynch Didn't Actually Praise Trump". Vice News. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2020.
  135. ^ "Trump jokes David Lynch's career 'is over' as he quotes Guardian interview". YouTube. June 26, 2018. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  136. ^ "David Lynch". Facebook. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  137. ^ Sharf, Zack (June 3, 2020). "David Lynch Adds Black Lives Matter Message to Daily Web Series: 'Peace, Justice, No Fear'". IndieWire.
  138. ^ Sharf, Zack (February 25, 2022). "David Lynch Condemns Putin: 'All This Death and Destruction Will Come Back to Visit You'". Variety. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  139. ^ "Filmmaker David Lynch explains how to catch big ideas (Lecture)". KUOW-FM. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011.
  140. ^ a b Lynch, David (October 31, 2013). "David Lynch on meditation: Heaven is a place on earth". New Statesman. Archived from the original on October 31, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  141. ^ Lynch, David (July 3, 2008). "The pleasure of life grows". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
  142. ^ a b Booth, William (December 2, 2005). "Yogi Bearer". Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  143. ^ Hoffman, Claire (March 12, 2012). "David Lynch's Guru and His Art". Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012.
  144. ^ Kress, Michael. "David Lynch's Peace Plan". BeliefNet.com. Archived from the original on July 24, 2010. Retrieved November 29, 2010.
  145. ^ a b Stevens, Jacqueline; Barkham, Patrick (January 27, 2009). "And now children, it's time for your yogic flying lesson". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on August 12, 2016. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
  146. ^ "David Lynch Foundation For Consciousness-Based Education and World Peace". Archived from the original on July 27, 2005.
  147. ^ "David Lynch – John Hagelin Tour Inspires Thousands of College Students on East and West Coasts". Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy. 2005. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  148. ^ "Filmmaker David Lynch to Give 2016 Commencement Address at Maharishi University of Management". April 18, 2016. Archived from the original on January 28, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
  149. ^ Reimer, Emily (October 30, 2009). "Fourth Annual David Lynch Weekend for World Peace and Meditation Taking Place in Iowa". Paste Magazine. Archived from the original on November 5, 2009. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
  150. ^ Mukherjee, Krittivas (February 11, 2008). "West meets East on guru Mahesh Yogi's funeral pyre". Reuters. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  151. ^ "David Lynch to shoot film about TM guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in India". Thaindian News. November 18, 2009. Archived from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  152. ^ Bychawski, Adam (November 18, 2009). "David Lynch to make film about Beatles guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi". NME. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016.
  153. ^ Pareles, Jon (April 4, 2009). "Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr Reunite at Radio City". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 8, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
  154. ^ "German Documentaries, AGDF, March 2010. "The young filmmaker David Sieveking follows the path of his professional idol, David Lynch, into the world of Transcendental Meditation (TM)."" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  155. ^ Simon, Alissa (February 14, 2010). "Review: 'David Wants to Fly'". Variety. Archived from the original on December 29, 2015. Retrieved April 1, 2022. 'David Wants to Fly' follows German writer-helmer David Sieveking on his road to enlightenment, a journey that involves David Lynch, various headquarters of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) movement and the icy source of the Ganges.
  156. ^ ""Für Lynch bin ich ein Feind"". November 1, 2019. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  157. ^ "Beyond The Noise". David Lynch Foundation. August 24, 2010. Archived from the original on September 8, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
  158. ^ "List of 2011 documentaries". Marbella Film Festival. 2011. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012.
  159. IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
  160. ^ "Post". awakenedartists. February 5, 2020. Archived from the original on February 20, 2020. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
  161. ^ Bergeson, Samantha (April 15, 2022). "David Lynch Launches $500 Million Transcendental Meditation World Peace Initiative". IndieWire. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
  162. ^ Dawson, Brit (September 29, 2020). "The mystery of David Lynch's daily lottery". Dazed Digital. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
  163. ^ "David Lynch gives a weather report from LA". HERO. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
  164. IMDb Edit this at Wikidata
  165. Far Out. Archived
    from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
  166. ^ "Whole Foods Market® and Filmmaker David Lynch Pour New Signature Coffee Line". Newsroom (Press release). Los Angeles, CA: Whole Foods Market. August 20, 2013. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  167. ^ "David Lynch's Philosophy on Drinking Coffee". Munchies (in French). July 17, 2014. Archived from the original on August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
  168. ^ "David Lynch Signature Cup". Twin Peaks Definitive Gold Box Edition (Flyer included in DVD Set). 2007.
  169. ^ "David Lynch Signature Cup". Eraserhead (Digitally Remastered) (Flyer included in DVD Set). 2006.
  170. ^ Rawson-Jones, Ben (February 14, 2012). "David Lynch: 10 reasons to worship the Twin Peaks surrealist". Digital Spy. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  171. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "David Lynch Biography". Artnet. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  172. ^ "David Lynch, The Air is on Fire". Fondation Cartier pour l'Art Contemporain. Archived from the original on October 10, 2018. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  173. ^ "Review: David Lynch Art Exhibit in Copenhagen". Elephantjournal.com. January 13, 2011. Archived from the original on December 4, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  174. ^ "A Major David Lynch Exhibition Is Coming to the UK | AnotherMan". Anothermanmag.com. March 11, 2019. Archived from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  175. ^ "Installations – David Lynch – Squeaky Flies in the Mud – 1 November – 21 December 2019 – Exhibitions – Sperone Westwater Gallery". Speronewestwater.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  176. ^ Grandetoft, Kasper (July 12, 2021). "David Lynch to display photos at Nikolaj Kunsthal in September". CPH Post Online. The Copenhagen Post. Retrieved August 8, 2021.

Bibliography

External links