Dawn of the Dead (1978 film)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Dawn Of The Dead
)

Dawn of the Dead
Painted theatrical release that includes various credits, an ominous zombie looking over the horizon, and the words "Dawn of the Dead" in military print below.
Theatrical release poster by Lanny Powers[1]
Directed byGeorge A. Romero
Written byGeorge A. Romero[2]
Produced byRichard P. Rubinstein[2]
Starring
CinematographyMichael Gornick[2]
Edited byGeorge A. Romero[2]
Music by
Production
company
Distributed by
Release dates
  • September 1, 1978 (1978-09-01) (Italy)
  • March 27, 1979 (1979-03-27) (Japan)
  • April 7, 1979 (1979-04-07) (
    Dallas
    )
  • April 13, 1979 (1979-04-13) (United States)
Running time
  • 126 minutes (US)[2]
  • 119 minutes (Italy)[3]
Countries
LanguageEnglish
Budget$640,000[a]
Box office$66 million

Dawn of the Dead 

international co-production,[10] it is the second film in Romero's series of zombie films, and though it contains no characters or settings from the preceding film Night of the Living Dead (1968), it shows the larger-scale effects of a zombie apocalypse on society. In the film, a phenomenon of unidentified origin has caused the reanimation of the dead, who prey on human flesh. David Emge, Ken Foree, Scott Reiniger, and Gaylen Ross star as survivors of the outbreak who barricade themselves inside a suburban shopping mall
amid mass hysteria.

Romero waited to make another zombie film after Night of the Living Dead for several years to avoid being stereotyped as a horror director. Upon visiting

stock cues from the De Wolfe Music Library
.

Following its Italian premiere on September 1, 1978, Dawn of the Dead was released in other markets the following year. Despite facing difficulties with various national censorship boards ― in the United States, it was released unrated to improve its commercial prospects after it was given an

video nasties" moral panic ― the film proved to be a major success at the box office, grossing $66 million worldwide against its estimated budget of $640,000. Noted for its satirical portrayal of consumerism, Dawn of the Dead has received widespread critical acclaim since its initial release, and is widely considered to be one of the greatest horror films ever made, as well as the greatest zombie film. Like its predecessor, it has garnered a large, international cult following.[2][12] In 2008, it was chosen by Empire magazine as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time, along with Night of the Living Dead.[13]

Dawn of the Dead was followed by four official sequels, beginning with 1985's Day of the Dead, and a separate series of unofficial Italian-made sequels, beginning with 1979's Zombi 2. It has also inspired a 2004 remake film directed by Zack Snyder, as well as numerous parodies and pop culture references.

Plot

The

National Guard
have been effective in fighting the zombie hordes in open country, but urban centers descend into chaos.

At WGON-TV, a

housing project, whose mostly black and Latino tenants are defying the martial law of delivering their dead to the National Guard. The tenants and the officers exchange gunfire as the officers try to gain entry, and indiscriminate attacks by racist officers and the reanimated dead exacerbate the resulting chaos. Roger encounters an officer from another unit, Peter Washington. As the SWAT team successfully dispatch the zombies, a disillusioned Roger suggests that he and Peter desert
and join up with Stephen (who is Roger's friend) in escaping the city.

Roger and Peter join Fran and Stephen at a police dock and then leave Philadelphia in a stolen WGON-TV news helicopter. Following some close calls while stopping for fuel, the group comes across a shopping mall, and decide to remain there since there is plenty of food, medicine, and all kinds of consumables. Roger, Peter and Stephen camouflage the entrance to the stairwell leading to their safe room and block the mall entrances with trucks to keep the undead from penetrating. This involves driving through crowds of zombies, who attack the trucks. Roger becomes reckless and is soon bitten by the zombies.

After clearing the mall's interior of zombies, the four enjoy a

hedonistic
lifestyle with all the goods available to them. Roger eventually succumbs to his wounds and dies; when he reanimates, Peter shoots him in the head and buries his body in the mall. Sometime later, all emergency broadcast transmissions cease, suggesting that the government has collapsed. Now isolated, the three load some supplies into the helicopter, in case they might need to leave suddenly. Fran gets Stephen to teach her how to fly in case he is killed or incapacitated.

A nomadic

biker gang
sees the helicopter in flight and breaks into the mall, destroying the barriers and allowing hundreds of zombies back inside. Despite having a fallback plan should the mall be attacked, Stephen, consumed by territorial rage, takes matters into his own hands and fires on the looters, beginning a protracted battle. On their way out, straggling bikers are overwhelmed and eaten by the zombies. Stephen tries to hide in the elevator shaft, but gets shot and subsequently mauled by roaming zombies. When Stephen reanimates, he instinctively returns to the safe room and leads the undead to Fran and Peter. Peter kills the undead Stephen while Fran escapes to the roof. Peter, not wanting to leave, locks himself in a room and contemplates suicide. When the zombies burst in, he has a change of heart and fights his way up to the roof, where he joins Fran. Having escaped and low on fuel, the two then fly away in the helicopter to an uncertain future.

Cast

Director George A. Romero makes an uncredited appearance as a WGON TV director. Assistant director and Romero's future-wife—Christine Forrest—portrays his assistant. Also featured at the WGON TV station are David Crawford as Dr. James Foster, David Early as commentator Sidney Berman and Daniel Dietrich as station manager Dan Givens. Future Romper Room hostess Molly McClosky makes an uncredited appearance as a station worker. Later sequences depicting an emergency TV network feature Howard Smith as an unnamed commentator and recurring Romero collaborator Richard France as Dr. Millard Rausch, referred to in the credits as "Scientist".

Featured among the motorcycle raiders are Rudy Ricci as their leader, brothers and frequent Romero collaborators

police officers in the film include James A. Baffico as Wooley, with his wife Joey Baffico having an uncredited role as a zombie who attacks Roger. Longtime Romero collaborator John Amplas, who also served as the film's casting director, makes an uncredited appearance as one of the apartment tenants who engages in a gunfight with the police
.

Production

Development

The history of Dawn of the Dead began in 1974, when

Carnegie Mellon—to visit the Monroeville Mall, which Mason's company managed. After showing Romero hidden parts of the mall, during which Romero noted the bliss of the consumers, Mason jokingly suggested that someone would be able to survive in the mall, should an emergency ever occur.[14]
With this inspiration, Romero began to write the screenplay for the film.

Romero and his producer, Richard P. Rubinstein, were unable to procure any domestic investors for the new project. By chance, word of the sequel reached Italian horror director Dario Argento. A fan of Night of the Living Dead and an early critical proponent of the film, Argento was eager to help the horror classic receive a sequel. He met Romero and Rubinstein, helping to secure financing in exchange for international distribution rights. Argento invited Romero to Rome so he would have a change of scenery while writing the screenplay. The two could also discuss plot developments.[15] Romero was able to secure the availability of the Monroeville Mall as well as additional financing through his connections with the mall's owners at Oxford Development.[14] Once the casting was completed, principal shooting was scheduled to begin in Pennsylvania on November 13, 1977.

Filming

Monroeville Mall Entrance in 2009
Escalator in JC Penney that the character Roger (Scott Reiniger) slides down in the scene where he and Peter (Ken Foree) are gathering supplies (photo taken in 2009)

Christmas decorations—a task that had proved to be too time-consuming. Filming was shut down during the last three weeks of the year to avoid the possible continuity difficulties and lost shooting time. Production would resume on January 3, 1978. During the break in filming, Romero took the opportunity to begin editing his existing footage.[16]

The airfield scenes were filmed at the

Harold W. Brown Memorial Airfield in Monroeville,[17] an airport located about two miles from the mall that is still in use.[18] The scenes of the group's hideout at the top of the mall were filmed on a set built at Romero's then-production company, The Latent Image.[19] The elevator shaft was located there as well, as no such area of the mall actually existed. The gun store was also not located in the mall—for filming, the crew used Firearms Unlimited, a shop that existed in the East Liberty district of Pittsburgh at the time. The police dock
scene was filmed in downtown Pittsburgh right next the Monongahela River at 1 S. 6th St. The building, landing pad, and pumps are long gone, and the location is now an outdoor art gallery called The Color Park. The truck yard scene was filmed at the B&P Motor Express Co. which is now a First Student school bus company in Irwin, PA, about 22 minutes from the Monroeville Mall.

Principal photography on Dawn of the Dead ended in February 1978, and Romero's process of editing would begin. By using numerous angles during the filming, Romero allowed himself an array of possibilities during editing—choosing from these many shots to reassemble into a sequence that could dictate any number of responses from the viewer simply by changing an angle or deleting or extending portions of scenes. This amount of superfluous footage is evidenced by the numerous international cuts, which in some cases affects the regional version's tone and flow.

Alternative ending

According to the original screenplay, Peter and Francine were to kill themselves, Peter by shooting himself and Fran by sticking her head into the path of the rotating main helicopter blades. The ending credits would run over a shot of the helicopter blades turning until the engine winds down, implying that the two would not have gotten far if they had chosen to escape.[20] During production, it was decided to change the ending of the film.

Much of the lead-in to the two suicides remains in the film as Francine leans out of the helicopter upon seeing the zombies approach, and Peter puts a gun to his head, ready to shoot himself. An additional scene, showing a zombie having the top of its head cut off by the helicopter blades (thus foreshadowing Francine's suicide) was included early in the film. Romero has stated that the original ending was scrapped before being shot, although behind-the-scenes photos show the original version was at least tested. The head appliance made for Francine's suicide was instead used in the opening SWAT raid, made-up to resemble an African American male and blown apart by a shotgun blast.[21]

Make-up and effects

An example of the bright hue of the fake blood, gray face make-up, and special effects in Dawn of the Dead
Special effect of an exploding head during the tenement building scene

Tom Savini, who had been offered the chance to provide special effects and make-up for Romero's first zombie film, Night of the Living Dead, before being drafted into the Vietnam War, made his debut as an effects artist on Dawn of the Dead.[22] Savini had been known for his make-up in horror for some time, prior to Dawn of the Dead, and in his book explaining special effects techniques, Bizarro, explains how his time in Vietnam influenced his craft.[23] He had a crew of eight to assist in applying gray makeup to two to three hundred extras each weekend during the shoot. One of his assistants during production was Joseph Pilato, who played a police captain in the film and would go on to play the lead villain in the film's sequel, Day of the Dead, Captain Henry Rhodes.[24]

The makeup for the multitudes of extras in the film was a basic blue or gray tinge to the face of each extra. Some featured zombies, who would be seen close-up or on-screen longer than others, had more time spent on their look. Many of the featured zombies became part of the fanfare, with nicknames based upon their look or activity—such as Machete Zombie, Sweater Zombie, and Nurse Zombie.[25] "Sweater Zombie" Clayton Hill was described by a crew member as "one of the most convincing zombies of the bunch" citing his skill at maintaining his stiff pose and rolling his eyes back into his head, including heading down the wrong way in an escalator while in character.[26]

A cast of Ross' head that was to be used in the original ending of the film (involving a suicide rather than the escape scene finally used) ended up as an exploding head during the tenement building scene. The head, filled with food scraps, was shot with an actual shotgun to get the head to explode.[22] One of the unintentional standout effects was the bright, fluorescent color of the fake blood that was used in the film. Savini was an early opponent of the blood, produced by 3M, but Romero thought it added to the film, claiming it emphasised the comic book feel of the movie.[27]

Music

See also: Dawn of the Dead (soundtracks)

The film's music varies with Romero's and Argento's cuts. For Romero's theatrical version, musical cues and selections were chosen from the

stock music scores and cues. In the montage scene featuring the hunters and National Guard, the song played in the background is "'Cause I'm a Man" by the Pretty Things. The song was first released on the group's LP Electric Banana.[28] The music heard playing in a sequence in the mall and over the film's end credits is an instrumental titled "The Gonk"—a polka style tune from the De Wolfe Music Library written by Herbert Chappell, with a chorus of zombie moans added by Romero.[29]

For Argento's international cut, the Italian director used the band Goblin (incorrectly credited as "The Goblins") extensively. Goblin is a four-piece Italian progressive rock band that mostly provides contract work for film soundtracks. Argento, who received a credit for original music alongside Goblin, collaborated with the group to get music for his cut of the film. Romero used three of their pieces in his theatrical release version. The Goblin score would later find its way onto a Dawn of the Dead-inspired film, Hell of the Living Dead. Many tracks would also appear in the Tsui Hark film Dangerous Encounters of the First Kind. The version of Dawn released on video in the mid-nineties under the label "Director's Cut" does not use most of the Goblin tracks, as they had not been completed at the time of that edit.

Post-production

Dawn of the Dead has received a number of re-cuts and re-edits, due mostly to Argento's rights to edit the film for international foreign language release. Romero controlled the final cut of the film for English-language territories. In addition, the film was edited further by censors or distributors in certain countries. Romero, acting as the editor for his film, completed a hasty 139-minute version of the film (now known as the Extended, or previously erroneously as Director's Cut) for premiere at the 1978

Cannes Film Market. This was later pared down to 126 minutes for the US theatrical release. The US theatrical cut of the film earned the taboo rating of X because of its graphic violence. Rejecting this rating, Romero and the producers chose to release the film unrated to help the film's commercial success.[30] United Film Distribution Company eventually agreed to release it domestically in the United States. The film was refused classification in Australia twice: in its theatrical release in 1978 and once again in 1979. The cuts presented to the Australian Classification Board were Argento's cut and Romero's cut, respectively. Dawn of the Dead was finally released there by United Artists, with an R18+ rating following six minutes worth of cuts compared to Romero's US version, in February 1980.[8]

Internationally, Argento controlled the Euro cut for non-English speaking countries. The version he created clocked in at 119 minutes. It included changes such as more music from Goblin than the cuts completed by Romero, removal of some expository scenes, and a faster cutting pace. There are, however, extra lines of dialogue and gore shots that are not in either of Romero's edits.[31] It actually debuted nearly nine months before the US theatrical cut.[32] Dawn of the Dead was released under different names in Europe: in Italy as Zombi: L'alba dei Morti Viventi (Zombies: Dawn of the Living Dead), followed in March 1979 in France as Zombie: Le Crépuscule des Morts Vivants (Zombie: Twilight of the Living Dead), in Spain as Zombi: El Regreso de los Muertos Vivientes (Zombie: Return of the Living Dead), in the Netherlands as Zombie: In De Greep van de Zombies (In the Grip of the Zombies), in Germany by Constantin Film as Zombie, and in Denmark as Zombie: Rædslernes Morgen (Zombie: The Morning of Horrors).[33]

Dawn of the Dead was successful internationally. Its success in then-West Germany earned it the Golden Screen Award, given to films that have at least three million admissions within 18 months of release.[34] A majority of these versions were released on DVD in the 2004 Special Edition, and have previously been released on VHS. The freelance photographer Richard Burke, working for Pittsburgh Magazine, released in May 2010 the first exclusive behind-the-scenes photos from the set.[35][36]

Releases

On September 1, 1978, a 119-minute cut of the film created for non-English speaking countries premiered in Turin, Italy under the title Zombi, with Dario Argento in attendance.[37][38] The same cut would open in Japan the weekend on March 27, 1979, and immediately top its box office there.[39] A 126-minute cut for English-language speaking territories premiered in the United States on April 7, 1979, at the USA Film Festival in Dallas, Texas, having been selected for the event by film critic Roger Ebert.[39] The following weekend, United Film Distribution opened the same cut in seventeen Pittsburgh cinemas, and continued with a wider rollout over the next month.[39] The picture opened in New York City on April 20,[38][40] and in Los Angeles on May 11.[39]

Reception

Box office

Dawn of the Dead performed well thanks both to commercial advertising and word-of-mouth. Ad campaigns and posters declared the film "the most intensely shocking motion picture experience for all times".[41] The film earned $900,000 on its opening weekend in the United States. After four weeks it had grossed $5.1 million in the United States and Canada,[42] and went on to gross $16 million[38] with rentals of $6.8 million.[43]

Internationally it did well too, grossing $1.5 million in six Japanese cinemas over a period of 42 days and over $1 million in Italy,[42] and by October 1979 it had grossed $24 million worldwide.[38] The Numbers claims it had an international gross of $49.9 million, which with a domestic gross of $16 million,[38] gives a worldwide total of $66 million, making it the most profitable film in the Dead series.[6][44]

Critical reception

Cast members David Emge, Joseph Pilato and Ken Foree at a Dead series convention

Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 94% of 47 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review. The average rating is 8.70/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "One of the most compelling and entertaining zombie films ever, Dawn of the Dead perfectly blends pure horror and gore with social commentary on material society."[45] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it four out of four stars and proclaimed it "one of the best horror films ever made." While conceding Dawn of the Dead to be "gruesome, sickening, disgusting, violent, brutal and appalling," Ebert said that "nobody ever said art had to be in good taste."[46] Steve Biodrowski of Cinefantastique praised the film, calling it a "broader" version of Night of the Living Dead,[41] and gave particular credit to the acting and themes explored: "the acting performances are uniformly strong; and the script develops its themes more explicitly, with obvious satirical jabs at modern consumer society, as epitomized by the indoor shopping mall where a small band of human survivors take shelter from the zombie plague sweeping the country." He went on to say that Dawn of the Dead was a "savage (if tongue-in-cheek) attack on the foibles of modern society", showcasing explicit gore and horror and turning them into "a form of art".[41] Gene Siskel liked the movie as well, giving it 3 stars in his Chicago Tribune print review and specifically praising George Romero's satirical view of indoor shopping malls relative to a zombie apocalypse; the review was later cited along with some other films (including Scanners) when horror movie fans castigated Siskel for what they felt was his knee-jerk rejection of movies in that genre.

Similar to the preceding Night of the Living Dead, some critical reviewers did not like the gory special effects. Particularly displeased at the large amount of gore and graphic violence was

Today show dismissed it as "Yawn of the Living." Others, particularly Variety, attacked the film's writing, suggesting that the violence and gore detract from any development of the characters, making them "uninteresting", resulting in a loss of impact. Variety wrote: "Dawn pummels the viewer with a series of ever-more-grisly events — shootings, knifings, flesh tearings — that make Romero's special effects man, Tom Savini, the real "star" of the film—the actors are as woodenly uninteresting as the characters they play."[48] Pauline Kael wrote that, in contrast to the "truly frightening" Night of the Living Dead, "you begin to laugh with relief that you're not being emotionally challenged or even affected; [Dawn of the Dead is] just a gross-out."[49] Leslie Halliwell of Halliwell's Film Guide stated that the film was "occasionally laughable, otherwise sickening or boring." Vincent Canby of The New York Times dismissed it as "fake mayhem and not worth getting exercised about," adding: "Here is a picture that anyone can walk out of with head held high and a clear and untroubled conscience."[50]

The film is often cited as being one of the few sequels that are superior to the original. The film was selected as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time by

Filmsite.org rated it as one of the best films of 1978.[55][56]

Home media

In 2004, after numerous VHS,

Laserdisc and DVD releases of several different versions of the film from various companies,[57] Anchor Bay Entertainment released a definitive Ultimate Edition DVD box set of Dawn of the Dead, following a single-disc U.S. theatrical cut released earlier in the year. The set features all three widely available versions of the film, along with different commentary tracks for each version, documentaries and extras.[58] Also re-released with the DVD set was Roy Frumkes' Document of the Dead, which chronicled the making of Dawn of the Dead and Romero's career to that point.[57] The Ultimate Edition earned a Saturn Award for Best Classic Film Release.[59]

The U.S. theatrical cut of Dawn of the Dead was released on

3D version of the film, which he supervised and financed for $6 million.[61]

In November 2016,

full-frame of the Argento cut, as well as the original theatrical cut and the extended Cannes cut of the film in high definition Blu-ray format.[62][63] Koch also released a four-disc set, omitting the UHD and 1.33:1 discs, and a single Blu-ray of the European cut.[60]

In 2018, XT Video released the complete version of the film for Blu-ray, which is a fusion of the long and Italian versions of the film, plus cut scenes.

In November 2020, British home media distributor Second Sight Films released a limited edition box set of the film in separate Blu-ray and 4K Blu-ray formats, featuring the theatrical, Cannes and Argento cuts of the film. For this release, all three cuts were remastered and restored in 4K resolution, with the theatrical and Cannes versions presented on the 4K Blu-ray sets in

color reversal internegative, while the Argento version, presented in SDR, was restored from its interpositive, and similarly features Mono, Stereo and 5.1 Surround audio tracks. The box set also contains a Blu-ray disc with a collection of original and archival bonus features; three CDs featuring Goblin's original soundtrack and a compilation of the De Wolfe Music cues featured in the theatrical and Cannes cuts; Dawn of the Dead: Dissecting the Dead, a hardcover book containing essays, artwork and other archival features; and a paperback copy of the film's novelisation.[64]

Remake

Main article: Dawn of the Dead (2004 film)

Released in 2004, the remake was directed by Zack Snyder (in his directorial debut) and written by James Gunn. It stars Sarah Polley, Ving Rhames, and Jake Weber with cameos from original cast members Ken Foree, Scott Reiniger, and Tom Savini.

Novelization

George Romero and Susanna Sparrow's paperback

Gallery Books.[65] It was reissued again in November 2020, with Pegg's introduction and new artwork, as part of Second Sight Films' limited edition Blu-ray release of the film.[64]

In popular culture

Audio samples from Dawn of the Dead have been repeatedly used in popular music. English virtual band

Zombie Apocalypse", and White Zombie sampled dialogue in their song "Psychoholic Slag" from the album La Sexorcisto: Devil Music Volume One. American alternative rock band My Chemical Romance's song "Early Sunsets Over Monroeville" draws lyrical inspiration from the movie, while American shock rock band Murderdolls takes heavy inspiration from the film in their song "Dawn Of The Dead," from the album Beyond the Valley of the Murderdolls
.

The 2004 zombie comedy film Shaun of the Dead parodies the title of Dawn, and is influenced by Romero's Night of the Living Dead series.

The album cover for the English band Cancer's debut album features an illustration of a shot from the film.

Joe Hill's short story "Bobby Conroy Comes Back From the Dead" takes place on the set of Dawn of the Dead. The story focuses on two extras playing zombies, and Romero and Savini appear as two minor characters.

The 2006 video game Dead Rising is set in a shopping mall during a zombie outbreak and was at one point sued by the owners of Dawn of the Dead. Later releases of the game included a disclaimer specifically noting that it was not licensed or approved by the creators of the movie to which it bears resemblance.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Although the film's budget has been reported by sources such as the American Film Institute and The Numbers as $1.5 million,[2][6] Rubenstein revealed that this figure was an inflation used to maximize profits from selling the film to international distributors. Approximately $500,000 was used in the film's production. The $640,000 figure includes Romero and Rubenstein's salaries (worth approximately $50,000 altogether) and the costs of processing the film at Technicolor's facilities in New York City, which were deferred.[7]
  2. ^ Dario Argento's version of the film was titled Zombi in Italy; English-language prints of this version use the title Zombie: Dawn of the Dead.[2][3][8] In the United Kingdom, the film was initially released under the plural title Zombies: Dawn of the Dead.[9]

References

  1. ^ "Dawn of the Dead / 1978 / 16mm screening style / One sheet / USA". Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Dawn of the Dead". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. Archived from the original on July 18, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c Cozzi, Luigi (2009). Giallo Argento. Profondo rosso. p. 227.
  4. Lumiere. Archived
    from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  5. ^ "Film: Dawn of the Dead". The Numbers. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Dawn of the Dead". The Numbers. Archived from the original on May 27, 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  7. ^ Martin, Perry; Rubinstein, Richard P. Dawn of the Dead: Extended "Cannes" Cut (Blu-ray). Second Sight Films. Event occurs at 22:40.
  8. ^ a b Dawn of the Dead (1978) censorship history in Australia at Refused Classification Archived October 14, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ "Zombies: Dawn of the Dead". British Board of Film Classification. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  10. ^ Konow, David (October 2, 2012). Reel Terror: The Scary, Bloody, Gory, Hundred-Year History of Classic Horror Films. St. Martin's Publishing Group.
  11. ^ Highfield, David (May 8, 2015). ""Dawn Of The Dead" Fans Create Online Petition To Save Monroeville Mall Bridge". CBS News. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  12. ISBN 9781405528634
    .
  13. ^ a b "Empire's The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time". Empire Magazine. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
  14. ^ a b "The mall at The Zombie Farm". Archived from the original on May 26, 2006. Retrieved April 8, 2006.
  15. ^ Biodrowski, Steve. "Dawn of the Dead (1979)". Cinema Fantastique. Archived from the original on September 25, 2009. Retrieved May 4, 2008.
  16. Ain't it Cool News
  17. ^ Trivia for Dawn of the Dead Archived December 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine at Turner Classic Movies
  18. ^ Pittsburgh Monroeville Airport Archived May 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
  19. ^ Former Latent Image Office at Dark Destinations
  20. ^ Romero, George A. (1977). "Dawn Of The Dead". HorrorLair.com (working draft). Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
  21. ^ Alternate Dawn ending surfaces. Archived December 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine at Horrorexpress.com
  22. ^ a b Lord of Gore Archived May 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Slasherama.com
  23. ^ Tom Savini, Bizarro!: The Art and Technique of Special Make-Up Effects (New York: Harmony Books, 1983), 11.
  24. ^ Mason, R.H. "An Interview With The Villain". Fangoria (reprinted). Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. Retrieved May 12, 2008.
  25. ^ Carnival of the Damned at Origins becomes a "Cast Party!" GamingReport.com Archived May 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ Balingit, Moriah. "Obituary: Clayton Hill / Played a lead zombie in 'Dawn of the Dead' Archived February 12, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, July 27, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
  27. ^ Dawn of the Dead (1978) (Blu-ray) Archived November 15, 2019, at the Wayback Machine DVDTalk review
  28. ^ Rave Up With The Electric Banana Archived May 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine at Movie Grooves
  29. ^ De Wolfe Archived December 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine track listing
  30. ^ A review of Document of the Dead Archived July 5, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, a documentary on the film's production.
  31. ^ Dario Argento's Zombi: Dawn of the Dead Archived April 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine review by Michael Elliott
  32. ^ "Da giovedì 7 settembre anche a Firenze — Zombi". L'Unità. September 3, 1978. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  33. ^ "Zombie (1978)". www.ohmygore.com. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  34. ^ "Dawn of the Dead (1978)". Horrorpedia. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  35. ^ "OMFG of the Day: Old Negatives Discovered from Dawn of the Dead Shoot!". May 18, 2010. Archived from the original on November 19, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  36. ^ "New Behind-the-Scenes Images: George A. Romero's Dawn of the Dead". September 18, 2012. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  37. Stampa Sera (in Italian). September 1, 1978. Archived
    from the original on January 5, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  38. ^ a b c d e Dawn of the Dead at the American Film Institute Catalog
  39. ^ a b c d "The George A. Romero Foundation". Twitter. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
  40. ^ "Around Town". New York. April 23, 1979. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  41. ^ a b c Dawn of the Dead Archived April 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, a review by Steve Biodrowski for Cinefantastique
  42. ^
    Daily Variety
    . May 30, 1979. p. 2.
  43. ISBN 9780835717762
    . Please note figures are for rentals in US and Canada
  44. ^ Dawn of the Dead at Film Site Archived February 15, 2021, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved December 10, 2009.
  45. ^ "Dawn of the Dead (1978)". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on October 20, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
  46. ^ Dawn of the Dead, a review by Roger Ebert
  47. ^ Maslin, Janet (April 20, 1979). "Dawn of the Dead (1978)". The New York Times.
  48. ^ Variety Staff (April 22, 1979). "Movie Review Dawn of the Dead (1978)". Variety. Archived from the original on December 10, 2009.
  49. ISBN 0-03-069361-6
    .
  50. ^ Canby, Vincent (May 20, 1979). "FILM VIEW; I Remember Cannes". The New York Times. p. D17.
  51. ^ The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made. The New York Times via Internet Archive. Published April 29, 2003. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
  52. ^ Charisma, James (March 15, 2016). "Revenge of the Movie: 15 Sequels That Are Way Better Than The Originals". Playboy. Archived from the original on July 26, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
  53. ^ "1979: Dawn of the Dead". Fangoria. 234: 55. June 2004.
  54. ^ "Entertainment Weekly's "The Top 50 Cult Films"". Filmsite.org. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  55. ^ "The Greatest Films of 1978". Filmsite.org. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  56. ^ "The 10 Best Movies of 1978". Film.com. Archived from the original on July 1, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
  57. ^ a b "Dawn of the Dead (1978) DVD comparison". DVDCompare. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  58. ^ Dawn of the Dead - Ultimate Edition Archived June 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Anchor Bay Entertainment.com
  59. ^ Saturn Awards Archived September 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  60. ^ a b "Dawn of the Dead (1978) BD comparison". DVDCompare. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  61. ^ "George Romero's Dawn of the Dead DEMANDS New Release". Brain Mutant. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
  62. ^ "Zombi - Dawn of The Dead - Midnight Factory - Il Male fatto Bene". Midnight Factory - Il Male fatto Bene (in Italian). Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  63. ^ "Dawn of the Dead (1978) 4K UHD comparison". DVDCompare. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  64. ^ a b "Dawn of the Dead Limited Edition 4K UHD". Second Sight Films. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
  65. ^ "Gallery Books Announces: DAWN OF THE DEAD by George A. Romero". Dread Central. February 16, 2015. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dawn_of_the_Dead_(1978_film)&oldid=1216052296"