Death of Michael Jackson
Date | June 25, 2009 |
---|---|
Time | 2:26 p.m. (Pacific Daylight Time) |
Location | Westwood, Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
Type | Homicide by acute propofol intoxication |
Deaths | Michael Jackson |
Convicted | Conrad Robert Murray |
Trial | People v. Murray |
Verdict | Guilty |
Convictions | Involuntary manslaughter |
Sentence | 4 years in prison (paroled after 1 year and 11 months) |
On June 25, 2009, the American singer
On August 28, 2009, the
At the time of his death, Jackson had been preparing for a series of comeback concerts,
Circumstances
At the time of his death, Jackson was preparing for a series of comeback concerts,
Jackson returned to his home at 100 North Carolwood Drive in the
Murray testified that he tried to revive Jackson for around ten minutes by performing CPR and administering flumazenil, a drug used to counteract sedative overdose, after which he called for help from staff present in the house.[15] Statements described Murray using a non-standard CPR technique on Jackson. The recording of the emergency call was released on June 26, one day after Jackson's death, and it described Murray administering CPR on a bed, not on a hard surface such as a floor which would be both standard practice and more effective.[16][17] Murray said that he placed one hand underneath Jackson and used the other for chest compression, whereas standard practice is to use both hands for compression.[18][19] Murray controversially did not call 9-1-1; he said that he was hindered because there was no landline telephone in the house and because he did not know the house's exact address.[20][21] It was later discovered that Murray had made several private calls on his cell phone in the hour after discovering Jackson's state which he did not inform law enforcement about.[13] A security guard eventually called 9-1-1 at 12:21 p.m., nearly an hour and a half after Jackson was first discovered not breathing. Paramedics reached Jackson at 12:26 p.m. and found that he was not breathing and had no pulse.[22][23]
Paramedics performed CPR for 42 minutes at the house.[24] Murray's attorney stated that Jackson had a pulse when he was taken out of the house and put in the ambulance.[18] An Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD) official gave a different account, stating that paramedics found Jackson in "full cardiac arrest", and that they did not observe a change in his status en route to the hospital.[25] LAFD transported him to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center.[22] The ambulance arrived at the hospital at approximately 1:14 p.m., and a team of medical personnel attempted to resuscitate him for more than an hour. They were unsuccessful, and Jackson was pronounced dead at 2:26 p.m. at the age of 50.[26][27][28]
Investigation
Autopsies
Jackson's corpse was flown by helicopter to the Los Angeles County Coroner's offices in
On August 28, 2009, the Los Angeles County coroner classified Jackson's death as a homicide, determining that Jackson died from acute propofol intoxication, exacerbated by the anxiolytic lorazepam, and less significantly midazolam, diazepam, lidocaine, and ephedrine. The coroner kept the complete toxicology report private, as requested by the police and district attorney.[2]
The autopsy report revealed that Jackson was otherwise healthy[32] for his age (age 50) and that his heart was strong; his most significant health issue was that his lungs were chronically inflamed, but this did not contribute to his death.[33] His other major organs were normal and he had no atherosclerosis except for some slight plaque accumulation in the arteries in his leg.[34][35] The Associated Press reported that his weight was within the acceptable range.[35]
Law enforcement agencies
Jackson's death was investigated by the
On August 28, 2009, LAPD announced that the case would be referred to prosecutors.[2] Because the LAPD did not secure Jackson's home and allowed the Jackson family access to it as well before returning to remove certain items, the department raised concerns by some observers that the chain of custody had been broken.[37][38] The police maintained that they had followed protocol.[38] California Attorney General Jerry Brown announced that his office was helping the LAPD and DEA to create a statewide database of all medical doctors and prescriptions filled.[39]
The LAPD subpoenaed medical records from doctors who had treated Jackson. Police considered, but did not bring, homicide charges against those who had supplied drugs to Jackson.[40][41]
Drug-use allegations
Marc Schaffel, Jackson's former video producer, said that the singer had used propofol,
Eugene Aksenoff is a Tokyo-based physician who had treated Jackson and his children on a few occasions, and he expressed concern about Jackson's use of various drugs.[47] He said that Jackson asked for stimulants so that he could get through some demanding performances, but Aksenoff said that he refused to prescribe them. He recalled that Jackson had chronic fatigue, fever, insomnia, and other symptoms, and he took a large amount of drugs. He suspected that one of the major factors causing these symptoms was excessive use of steroids or other skin-whitening medications.[48]
His sister Janet Jackson claimed that their family tried to stage an intervention in early 2007 when Michael was living in Las Vegas.[49] She and a number of their brothers allegedly traveled to his home but were turned away by security guards who were ordered not to let them enter. He was also rumored to have refused phone calls from his mother. However, the family denied that they had tried to intervene.[50]
Propofol
Of all the drugs found in Jackson's home, the one that most concerned investigators was
On June 30, Cherilyn Lee, a nurse practitioner who had worked as Jackson's nutritionist, said that he had asked her in May to provide propofol to help him sleep, but she refused. He told her he had been given the drug before for persistent insomnia, and that a doctor had said it was safe as long as he was being monitored. Lee said she received a telephone call from an aide to Jackson on June 21 to say that Jackson was ill, although she no longer worked for him. She reported overhearing Jackson complain that one side of his body was hot, the other side cold. She advised the aide to send Jackson to a hospital; Lee thought she recognized the symptoms, and suspected that Jackson was on propofol.[52][verification needed]
Arnold Klein said that Jackson used an anesthesiologist to administer propofol to help him sleep while he was on tour in Germany. The anesthesiologist would "take him down" at night and "bring him back up" in the morning during the HIStory World Tour of 1996 and 1997.[50]
Medical professionals
The DEA focused on at least five doctors who prescribed drugs to Jackson, trying to determine whether they had had a "face to face" relationship with him and whether they had made legally required diagnoses.[45] At least nine doctors were under investigation.[53] The police wanted to question 30 doctors, nurses, and pharmacists, including Arnold Klein.[54] Klein said that he occasionally had given Jackson pethidine to sedate him, but had administered nothing stronger and that he had turned his records over to the medical examiner.[55]
Personal physician
Murray said through his attorney that he did not prescribe or administer pethidine or oxycodone to Jackson, but did not say what, if anything, he did prescribe or administer.[51] Los Angeles police said Murray spoke to officers immediately after Jackson's death, and during an extensive interview two days later. They stressed that they found "no red flag" and did not suspect foul play.[16] On June 26, police towed away a car used by Murray, stating that it might contain medication or other evidence. The police released the car five days later.[37]
Politician and minister Jesse Jackson, a friend of Michael Jackson's family, said that the family was concerned about Murray's role. "They have good reason to be ... he left the scene."[58] Over the next few weeks, law enforcement grew increasingly concerned about Murray, and on July 22 detectives searched Murray's medical office and storage unit in Houston, removing items such as a computer and two hard drives, contact lists and a hospital suspension notice.[59] On July 27, an anonymous source reported that Murray had administered propofol within 24 hours of Jackson's death.[60][61] Investigators had searched Murray's home and office in Las Vegas,[62] as well as a Las Vegas pharmacy.[63] Jackson monthly paid Murray $150,000 (equivalent to about $213,000 in 2023).[64]
On February 8, 2010, Murray was charged with
On January 11, 2011, the judge from Murray's preliminary hearing determined that Murray should stand trial for involuntary manslaughter in the Jackson case. The judge also suspended Murray's license to practice medicine in California.[67]
After several delays,
Health
Stacy Brown, a biographer, said Jackson had become "very frail, totally, totally underweight", and that his family had been worried about him. Another biographer,
Family and legal affairs
Family reaction
The Jackson family released a statement following the death:
Our beloved son, brother, uncle and father of three children has gone so unexpectedly, in such a tragic way and much too soon. It leaves us, his family, speechless and devastated to a point, where communication with the outside world seems almost impossible at times.[74]
After Murray pleaded not guilty to the manslaughter charge, several members of the Jackson family said they felt he deserved a more severe charge.
The Jackson family praised the guilty verdict against Murray.[80] In 2017, Michael's daughter Paris Jackson stated that she was "absolutely" convinced that her father had been murdered.[81]
In 2010, Jackson's three children and his
Estate
Jackson's last will was filed by attorney
Media reports suggested that the settlement of Jackson's estate could last many years.[90] The value of Sony/ATV Music Publishing is estimated by Ryan Schinman, chief of Platinum Rye, to be US$1.5 billion. Shinman's estimate makes Jackson's share of Sony/ATV worth $750 million, from which Jackson would have had an annual income of $80 million. In September 2016, a deal was finalized for Sony's acquisition of Jackson's share of Sony/ATV from the Jackson estate for $750 million.[91]
Public reaction
Media and Internet coverage
Jackson's death was first reported by the Los Angeles-based celebrity news website
Specials about Jackson aired on multiple television stations around the world. The British soap opera EastEnders added a last-minute scene to the June 26 episode, in which the character Denise Johnson discussed the news with Patrick Trueman.[101] Magazines including Time published commemorative editions.[102] A scene that had featured Jackson's sister La Toya was cut from the film Brüno out of respect toward Jackson's family.[103]
According to an analysis released by the
A
In 2009, Jackson's family paid social media marketing company uSocial.net to increase the numbers of followers on Jackson's Twitter profile.[114] According to the New York Daily News, uSocial was contracted to deliver 25,000 followers to the account.[115]
Grief
News of Jackson's death triggered an outpouring of grief around the world. Fans gathered outside the UCLA Medical Center,
From
In Japan, Internal Affairs and Communications Minister Tsutomu Sato told reporters, "I feel sad as I had watched him since he was a member of Jackson Five [sic]." Defense Minister Yasukazu Hamada credited him with building a generation with his music.[125] Health Minister Yōichi Masuzoe called the death an "extremely tragic loss".[126]
In the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Gordon Brown's spokesperson said: "This is very sad news for the millions of Michael Jackson fans in Britain and around the world." Conservative opposition leader David Cameron said: "I know Michael Jackson's fans in Britain and around the world will be sad today. Despite the controversies, he was a legendary entertainer."
Russian fans gathered outside the U.S. Embassy in Moscow to mourn.[127] French Minister of Culture Frédéric Mitterrand, said, "We all have a Michael Jackson within."[128] Elizabeth Taylor, a long-time friend, said that she could not imagine life without him.[129] Liza Minnelli told CBS, "When the autopsy comes, all hell's going to break loose, so thank God we're celebrating him now."[130] His sister La Toya stated that his daughter said he was being overworked. La Toya was quoted as saying, "She said, 'No, you don't understand. They kept working him and Daddy didn't want that, but they worked him constantly'. I felt so bad."[131]
Tributes
Local
On June 30, 2009,
On June 26, artists including Pharrell Williams and Lily Allen paid tribute to Jackson at the UK Glastonbury Festival.[136] Allen wore a single white glove (a signature look for Jackson), while the Streets performed a cover of "Billie Jean".[136] Tributes to Jackson at the festival continued over the weekend.[137] On July 5, 2009, Madonna performed a medley of Jackson's songs during her Sticky & Sweet Tour,[138] while a Jackson impersonator performed Jackson's signature dances and photos of Jackson were displayed behind them.[138][139] Beyoncé performed an extended version of "Halo", dedicating it to Jackson in various shows during her I Am... World Tour. Coldplay covered "Billie Jean" for the remainder of the 2009 shows of their Viva la Vida Tour.[140]
Jackson's sister La Toya released her song "
International
The day after Jackson's death, the mayor of
The music video for "
Record sales
Jackson's record sales increased eighty-fold by June 29, according to
In Australia, 15 of his albums occupied the
In the UK, on the Sunday following his death, his albums occupied 14 of the top 20 places on the Amazon.co.uk sales chart, with
In the U.S., Jackson broke three chart records on the first Billboard issue date that followed his death. The entire top nine positions on
By August 5, Jackson had sold nearly 3.8 million albums and 7.6 million tracks in the U.S. Number Ones was the best-selling album for six out of seven weeks that followed his death.[186][187] By year's end in 2009, Jackson had become the best-selling artist of the year selling 8.2 million albums in the U.S.[188] He also became the first artist in history to have four of the top 20 best-selling albums in a single year in the U.S., nearly doubling the sales of his nearest competitor.[189][190] Jackson was also the third best-selling digital artist of 2009 in the U.S., selling approximately 12.35 million units.[191] In the 12 months that followed his death Jackson sold nine million albums in the U.S., and 35 million albums worldwide.
Services
Memorial
A private family service was held at
Jackson's solid-bronze casket (which reportedly cost $25,000)[54] was placed in front of the stage. Numerous celebrity guests attended the services.[200] His brothers each wore a single, white, sparkling glove, while Stevie Wonder, Mariah Carey, Lionel Richie, Jermaine Jackson and others sang his songs. Jackson's then 11-year-old daughter, Paris, broke down as she told the crowd, "I just want to say, ever since I was born, Daddy has been the best father you could ever imagine ... and I just want to say I love him ... so much."[201] Marlon Jackson said, "Maybe now, Michael, they will leave you alone."[202]
Burial
According to reports, Jackson's burial was originally scheduled for August 29, 2009 (which would have been his 51st birthday).
Jackson's funeral cost $1 million,[206][207] including $590,000 for Jackson's crypt; $11,716 for guest invitations;[206][207] $30,000 for security and luxury cars; $16,000 for the florist; and $15,000 for the funeral planner.[206] Jackson's family planned the funeral. Howard Weitzman, a lawyer for the estate executors, said that Jackson's "bigger than life" lifespan matched the lavishness of the funeral.[206][207]
Jackson is interred in the Holly Terrace section in the Great Mausoleum of Forest Lawn Memorial Park, a cemetery in Glendale, California. The mausoleum is a secure facility and is not accessible to the general public or to the media, except on an extremely limited basis. His unmarked crypt, which is partially visible at the tinted entrance of the Holly Terrace mausoleum, is covered in flowers fans leave, which are placed by security guards outside the crypt.[204] The family had considered burying Jackson at Neverland Ranch. However, some family members objected to the site, saying that the ranch had been tainted by the 2005 trial and police raids of the property.[204] Also, the owners of the ranch would have had to go through a permitting process with county and state government before establishing a cemetery at the site. In July 2010, security was increased at the mausoleum due to vandalism by fans leaving messages such as "Keep the dream alive" and "Miss you sweet angel" in permanent ink.[208]
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Further reading
- Jackson Tour Video—The Final Rehearsals, TMZ, July 2, 2009.
- Barnes, Brooks. A Star Idolized and Haunted, Michael Jackson Dies at 50, The New York Times, June 25, 2009.
- BBC News. Obituary: Michael Jackson, June 26, 2009.
- Boucher, Geoff, and Woo, Elaine. Michael Jackson's life was infused with fantasy and tragedy, Los Angeles Times, June 26, 2009.
- The Toronto Star, June 26, 2009.
- Saperstein, Pat. Michael Jackson dies at 50, Variety, June 25, 2009.
- Sullivan, Caroline. Michael Jackson, The Guardian, June 26, 2009.
- The Smoking Gun. "'Lethal Levels' of Drug Killed Jackson", August 24, 2009, includes State of California search warrant and affidavit.
- The Sydney Morning Herald. Michael Jackson obituary: a gifted, troubled king of pop, June 26, 2009.
- The Times. Michael Jackson, June 26, 2009.
- Walters, Dell. "Michael Slept Here", Washingtonian, August 1, 2009.
- Wikipedia article traffic statistics – Michael Jackson – June 2009.
External links
- Media related to Death of Michael Jackson at Wikimedia Commons
- Quotations related to Michael Jackson at Wikiquote