Debar

Coordinates: 41°31′N 20°32′E / 41.517°N 20.533°E / 41.517; 20.533
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

For the legal penalty, see Debarment. For the sociological concept, see Social rejection.
Debar
Дебaр (Macedonian)
Dibra (Albanian)
Town
From the top, View over Debar, Skanderbeg Monument, Hünkar Mosque
View of Debar
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
1250
ClimateCfb
WebsiteOfficial Website

Debar (

ethnic Macedonians do not rank first or second demographically. The official languages are Macedonian and Albanian.

Name

The name of the city in Macedonian is Debar (Дебар). In Albanian; Dibër/Dibra or Dibra e Madhe (meaning "Great Dibra", in contrast to the other Dibër in Albania). In Serbian Debar (Дебар), in Bulgarian Debǎr (Дебър), in Turkish Debre or Debre-i Bala, in Greek, Dívrē (Δίβρη) or Dívra (Δίβρα), in Ancient Greek Dēvoros, Δήβορος and in Roman times as Deborus.[2]

Geography

Lake Debar

Debar is surrounded by the

Bistra
mountains.

It is located 625 meters above sea level, next to

Lake Debar, the Black Drin River and its smaller break-off river, Radika
.

History

Saint Jovan Bigorski Monastery near Debar.
The mosque of Debar.

The earliest recording of Debar is under the name of ‘Deborus’ on a map drawn by the astronomer and cartographer Ptolemy in the 2nd century.[3]

The

Byzantine emperor Basil II knew of its existence, historian Anna Komnena recorded the name as Devré in the Alexiad, and Feliks Petančić referred to it as Dibri in 1502.[3]

After Samuel of Bulgaria was defeated in 1014 by Byzantine emperor Basil II, Debar was administered under the Bishopric of Bitola.

During the period from the 12th, to early 14th century, Debar was ruled by the

Kastrioti noble family and later from 1443 by the Albanian state, League of Lezhë. Debar fell under the rule of the Ottoman Empire when local ruler Gjon Kastrioti died shortly after his four children were taken hostage.[3]

It was conquered by the Ottomans in 1395 and subsequently became the seat of the Sanjak of Dibra.

In 1440

sanjakbey.[4][5]

Ottoman-Albanian wars between 1443-1479 the Dibër region was the borderline between the Ottomans and the League of Lezhë led by Skanderbeg and became an area of continuous conflict. There were two major battles near Debar, on 29 June 1444 The Battle of Torvioll and on 27 September 1446 The Battle of Otonetë
both ending with the defeat of the Ottoman armies and Albanian victories.

Debar was overrun once again by the Turks, and became known as Debre. The city constantly rebelled against Turkish rule, however, not least because of the wealth of the many Turkish bey and aga who lived there off local taxes and the fat of the land.[3] Turkish rule also brought trade to Debar and the city centre grew and became known for its crafts industry.[3] Much of the architect from that period still survives. An Ottoman army division was also stationed within the town.[6]

It was first a sanjak centre in

Manastir Vilayet between 1877-1912 as Debre or Debre-i Bala ("Upper Debre" in Ottoman Turkish, as contrasted with Debre-i Zir, which was Peshkopi
's Turkish name).

Debar was significantly involved in the national Albanian movement and on 1 November 1878 the Albanian leaders of the city participated in founding the League of Prizren.

In 1907 the

Congress of Dibra was held in the town, which made Albanian an official language within the Ottoman Empire. The congress allowed that Albanian be taught in schools legally for the first time within the Empire.[7]

Balli Kombëtar forces in Debar

Following the capture of the town of Debar by Serbia, many of its Albanian inhabitants fled to Turkey, the rest went to Tirana.[8] Of those that ended up in Istanbul, some of their number migrated to Albania, mainly to Tirana where the Dibran community formed an important segment of the capital city's population from 1920 onward and for some years thereafter.[8]

During the Balkan wars of 1912–13 Debar was taken back by the Albanians, but was then handed over to the

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as a reward for helping the Allies during World War I.[3] Thereafter many Serbs and Montenegrins were encouraged to settle in Debar, a common tactic to ensure that newly acquired land became more integrated with the motherland.[3]

It was occupied by Kingdom of Bulgaria between 1915 and 1918.

From 1929 to 1941, Debar was part of the Vardar Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

Debar was

SS Skanderbeg division, the communists led by Haxhi Lleshi finally secured Debar on 30 August 1944.[9]

After the cessation of hostilities with the end of WW2 and the establishment of communism in both Albania and Yugoslavia, Debar passed back into Yugoslav hands.

Population

In the late Ottoman period, Debre (Debar) was a town with 20,000 inhabitants, 420 shops, 9 mosques, 10 madrasas, 5 tekkes, 11 government run primary schools, 1 secondary school, 3 Christian primary schools and 1 church.In the early 19th century, when Debar rebelled against the Turkish Sultan, the French traveller, publicist, and scientist

Ami Boue observed that Debar had 64 shops and 4,200 residents. [6]

According to the statistics of the Bulgarian ethnographer Vasil Kanchov in 1900 the population of Debar was 15,500 consisting of 10,500 Albanians, 4,500 Bulgarians, and 500 Romani.[10]

According to the last census data from 2002, the city of Debar has a population of 14,561, made up of

City of Debar population according to ethnic group 1948-2021[12]
Ethnic
group 		census 1948 census 1953 census 1961 census 1971 census 1981 census 1994 census 2002 census 2021
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Albanians .. .. 4,122 74.7 4,507 71.3 6,681 75.7 8,625 70.7 9,400 70.5 10,768 74.0 8,194 69.8
Turks .. .. 53 1.0 195 3.1 367 4.2 573 4.7 1,175 8.8 1,415 9.7 911 7.8
Roma .. .. 83 1.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 1,030 8.5 1,103 8.3 1,079 7.4 1,140 9.7
Macedonians .. .. 1,110 20.1 1,009 16.0 1,276 14.5 1,106 9.1 1,431 10.7 1,054 7.3 419 3.6
Vlachs
 .. .. 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0
Serbs .. .. 87 1.6 57 0.9 105 1.2 37 0.3 34 0.3 22 0.2 4 0.0
Bosniaks .. .. 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0 5 0.0
Others .. .. 63 1.2 555 8.8 394 4.5 830 6.8 196 1.5 219 1.5 146 1.2
Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 914 7.8
Total 4,698 5,520 6,323 8,823 12,201 13,340 14,561 11,735

Culture

Skanderbeg
in Debar

Some of the best craftsman,

Mount Bistra, above the banks of the River Radika
. The monastery was built on the remains of an older church dating from 1021.

Another important religious monument is the monastery of Saint Gjorgi in the village of

Rajcica
in the immediate vicinity of Debar. The monastery was recently built.

Grigor Parlichev was given the title Second Homer in 1860 in Athens for his poem The Serdar. Based on a folk poem, it deals with the exploits and heroic death of Kuzman Kapidan, a famous hero and protector of Christian people in the Debar region in their struggle with bandits.

Some of the oldest and richest Albanian epics still exist in the Debar regions and are part of the Albanian mythological heritage.

Debar is also known for its pizza consumption. As of 2018, Debar had one pizzeria for every 3,000 residents, and emigrants from the town had opened approximately 50 pizza restaurants in the United States.[14]

Sports

Local football club Korabi plays in the Macedonian Second League (West Division).

International relations

Partner towns

Partner towns of Debar:

Notable people

References

  1. ^ "Debar (Municipality, North Macedonia)". www.crwflags.com.
  2. ^ Stephano, Carolo (1633). Dictionarium historicum, geographicum, poeticum. p. 783.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-1-84162-395-5. Retrieved 31 December 2015.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link
    )
  4. ^ Zhelyazkova, Antonina. "Albanian identities". Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2011. In 1440, he was promoted to sancakbey of Debar
  5. ISBN 978-0-8448-0072-1
    . Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  6. ^
    ISBN 9781845112875
    .
  7. ^ Torte, Rexhep (4 August 2009). "Përfundoi shënimi i 100-vjetorit të Kongresit të Dibrës". Albaniapress. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
  8. ^
    ISBN 9780415341646
    .
  9. ISBN 978-0-86091-593-5
    . Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  10. ISBN 954430424X
    , стр. 210
  11. ^ Macedonian Census (2002), Book 5 - Total population according to the Ethnic Affiliation, Mother Tongue and Religion, The State Statistical Office, Skopje, 2002, p. 89.
  12. ^ Censuses of population 1948 - 2002 Archived 14 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ISBN 978-9989-2343-0-9
    .
  14. ^ Feldman, Amy. "Pizza Unchained: Tech Startup Slice Helps Local Pizzerias Get Online And Fight Back Against Domino's". Forbes. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.

General references

  • The History of Byzantine State by
    G. Ostrogorsky
  • The Serdar by G. Prlicev

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Debar.

Media related to Debar at Wikimedia Commons

41°31′N 20°32′E / 41.517°N 20.533°E / 41.517; 20.533

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