Debugger

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Winpdb debugging itself

A debugger or debugging tool is a computer program used to test and debug other programs (the "target" program). The main use of a debugger is to run the target program under controlled conditions that permit the programmer to track its execution and monitor changes in computer resources that may indicate malfunctioning code. Typical debugging facilities include the ability to run or halt the target program at specific points, display the contents of memory, CPU registers or storage devices (such as disk drives), and modify memory or register contents in order to enter selected test data that might be a cause of faulty program execution.

The code to be examined might alternatively be running on an instruction set simulator (ISS), a technique that allows great power in its ability to halt when specific conditions are encountered, but which will typically be somewhat slower than executing the code directly on the appropriate (or the same) processor. Some debuggers offer two modes of operation, full or partial simulation, to limit this impact.

A "

disassembly
(unless it also has online access to the original source code and can display the appropriate section of code from the assembly or compilation).

Features

Typically, debuggers offer a query processor, a symbol resolver, an expression interpreter, and a debug support interface at its top level.

program animation), stopping (breaking) (pausing the program to examine the current state) at some event or specified instruction by means of a breakpoint, and tracking the values of variables.[2]
Some debuggers have the ability to modify the program state while it is running. It may also be possible to continue execution at a different location in the program to bypass a crash or logical error.

The same functionality which makes a debugger useful for correcting bugs allows it to be used as a software cracking tool to evade copy protection, digital rights management, and other software protection features. It often also makes it useful as a general verification tool, fault coverage, and performance analyzer, especially if instruction path lengths are shown.[3] Early microcomputers with disk-based storage often benefitted from the ability to diagnose and recover corrupted directory or registry data records, to "undelete" files marked as deleted, or to crack file password protection.

Most mainstream debugging engines, such as

program animation
, and visualization features.

Record and replay debugging

Record and replay debugging,[4] also known as "software flight recording" or "program execution recording", captures application state changes and stores them to disk as each instruction in a program executes. The recording can then be replayed over and over, and interactively debugged to diagnose and resolve defects. Record and replay debugging is very useful for remote debugging and for resolving intermittent, non-deterministic, and other hard-to-reproduce defects.

Reverse debugging

Some debuggers include a feature called "reverse debugging", also known as "historical debugging" or "backwards debugging". These debuggers make it possible to step a program's execution backwards in time. Various debuggers include this feature.

Microsoft Visual Studio (2010 Ultimate edition, 2012 Ultimate, 2013 Ultimate, and 2015 Enterprise edition) offers IntelliTrace reverse debugging for C#, Visual Basic .NET, and some other languages, but not C++. Reverse debuggers also exist for C, C++, Java, Python, Perl, and other languages. Some are open source; some are proprietary commercial software. Some reverse debuggers slow down the target by orders of magnitude, but the best reverse debuggers cause a slowdown of 2× or less. Reverse debugging is very useful for certain types of problems, but is still not commonly used yet.[5]

Time Travel debugging

In addition to the features of reverse debuggers, time travel debugging also allow users to interact with the program, changing the history if desired, and watch how the program responds.

Language dependency

Some debuggers operate on a single specific language while others can handle multiple languages transparently. For example, if the main target program is written in

PL/1
subroutines, the debugger may have to dynamically switch modes to accommodate the changes in language as they occur.

Memory protection

Some debuggers also incorporate memory protection to avoid storage violations such as buffer overflow. This may be extremely important in transaction processing environments where memory is dynamically allocated from memory 'pools' on a task by task basis.

Hardware support for debugging

Most modern microprocessors have at least one of these features in their

CPU design
to make debugging easier:

Debugger front-ends

Some of the most capable and popular debuggers implement only a simple command line interface (CLI)—often to maximize portability and minimize resource consumption. Developers typically consider debugging via a graphical user interface (GUI) easier and more productive.[citation needed] This is the reason for visual front-ends, that allow users to monitor and control subservient CLI-only debuggers via graphical user interface. Some GUI debugger front-ends are designed to be compatible with a variety of CLI-only debuggers, while others are targeted at one specific debugger.

List of debuggers

Main article: List of debuggers

Some widely used debuggers are:

Earlier minicomputer debuggers include:

Mainframe
debuggers include:

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ Aggarwal and Kumar, p. 302.
  2. ^ Aggarwal and Kumar 2003, p. 301.
  3. ^ Aggarwal and Kumar, pp. 307-312.
  4. arXiv:1705.05937 [cs.PL
    ].
  5. ^ Philip Claßen; Undo Software. "Why is reverse debugging rarely used?". Programmers Stack Exchange. Stack Exchange, Inc. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
  6. ^ Aggarwal and Kumar 2003, pp. 299-301.

Sources

External links

Look up debugger in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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