Decaborane
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Other names
decaborane
decaboron tetradecahydride | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.037.904 |
EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
B10H14 | |
Molar mass | 122.22 g/mol |
Appearance | White crystals |
Odor | bitter, rubber[1]
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Density | 0.94 g/cm3[1] |
Melting point | 97–98 °C (207–208 °F; 370–371 K) |
Boiling point | 213 °C (415 °F; 486 K) |
Solubility in other solvents | Slightly, in cold water. [1] |
Vapor pressure | 0.2 mmHg[1] |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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may ignite spontaneously on exposure to air[1] |
GHS labelling: | |
Danger | |
H228, H301, H310, H316, H320, H330, H335, H336, H370, H372 | |
P210, P240, P241, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 80 °C; 176 °F; 353 K |
149 °C (300 °F; 422 K) | |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LC50 (median concentration)
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276 mg/m3 (rat, 4 hr) 72 mg/m3 (mouse, 4 hr) 144 mg/m3 (mouse, 4 hr)[2] |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (0.05 ppm) [skin][1] |
REL (Recommended)
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TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (0.05 ppm) ST 0.9 mg/m3 (0.15 ppm) [skin][1] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
15 mg/m3[1] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Decaborane, also called decaborane(14), is the borane with the chemical formula B10H14. This white crystalline compound is one of the principal boron hydride clusters, both as a reference structure and as a precursor to other boron hydrides. It is toxic and volatile, giving off a foul odor, like that of burnt rubber or chocolate.
Handling, properties and structure
The physical characteristics of decaborane(14) resemble those of
In decaborane, the B10 framework resembles an incomplete octadecahedron. Each boron has one "radial" hydride, and four boron atoms near the open part of the cluster feature extra hydrides. In the language of cluster chemistry, the structure is classified as "nido".
Synthesis and reactions
It is commonly synthesized via the
It reacts with Lewis bases (L) such as CH3CN and Et2S, to form adducts:[5][6]
- B10H14 + 2 L → B10H12L2 + H2
These species, which are classified as "arachno" clusters, in turn react with
- B10H12·2L + C2H2 → C2B10H12 + 2 L + H2
Decaborane(14) is a weak
In the Brellochs reaction, decaborane is converted to arachno-CB9H14−:
- B10H14 + CH2O + 2 OH− + H2O → CB9H14− + B(OH)4− + H2
Applications
Decaborane has no significant applications, although the compound has often been investigated.
In 2018, LPP Fusion announced plans for using decaborane in its next round of fusion experiments.[7] Decaborane has been assessed for low energy ion implantation of boron in the manufacture of semiconductors. It has also been considered for plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition for the manufacture of boron-containing thin films. In fusion research, the neutron-absorbing nature of boron has led to the use of these thin boron-rich films to "boronize" the walls of the tokamak vacuum vessel to reduce recycling of particles and impurities into the plasma and improve overall performance.[8]
Decaborane was also developed as an additive to special high-performance
Decaborane is an effective reagent for the reductive amination of ketones and aldehydes.[9]
Safety
Decaborane, like pentaborane, is a powerful toxin affecting the central nervous system, although decaborane is less toxic than pentaborane. It can be absorbed through skin.
Purification by sublimation require a dynamic vacuum to remove evolved gases. Crude samples explode near 100 °C.[6]
It forms an explosive mixture with carbon tetrachloride, which caused an often-mentioned explosion in a manufacturing facility.[10]
In crystalline form, it reacts violently with red and white fuming nitric acid which has a use as rocket fuel oxidizer, producing an extremely powerful detonation.[11]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0175". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ "Decaborane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^
- ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ISBN 978-0-470-13170-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-470-13241-8.
- ^ Wang, Brian (2018-03-27). "LPP Fusion has funds try to reach nuclear fusion net gain milestone | NextBigFuture.com". NextBigFuture.com. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
- ^ Nakano, T.; Higashijima, S.; Kubo, H.; Yagyu, J.; Arai, T.; Asakura, N.; Itami, K. "Boronization effects using deuterated-decaborane (B10D14) in JT-60U". 15th PSI Gifu, P1-05. Sokendai, Japan: National Institute for Fusion Science. Archived from the original on 2004-05-30.
- doi:10.1039/A909506C.
- UCLA.
- ^ "The Most DESTRUCTIVE Chemical Reaction from two NON-explosive components". YouTube. 21 December 2023.
YouTube video name: 'The Most DESTRUCTIVE Chemical Reaction from two NON-explosive components'
Further reading
- "Decaborane(14)". WebBook. NIST.
- "Boron and Compounds". National Pollutant Inventory. Australian Government.
- "Decaborane". Organic Chemistry Portal.
- "Boron compounds: decaborane (14)". WebElements.
- "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Decaborane". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.